List of political ideologies

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

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An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system. The same term may also be used to refer to multiple ideologies and that is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. While the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are distinct from Marxism–Leninism.[1]

Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. There are several studies that show that political ideology is heritable within families.[3][4][5][6][7]

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into a number of groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

Anarchism
Main article: Anarchism
See also: Anarchist schools of thought, Anarchist economics, Anarchy, Anti-authoritarianism, Anti-capitalism, Anti-fascism, Anti-statism, Commune, Decentralization, Far-left politics, Free association, History of anarchism, Libertarian socialism, Market abolitionism, Social revolution, and Stateless society
Further information: Anarchism and animal rights, Anarchism and capitalism, Anarchism and education, Anarchism and free love, Anarchism and nationalism, Anarchism and violence, Anarchist schools of thought, Criticism of anarchism, Glossary of anarchism, List of anarchist communities, and Outline of anarchism
Political internationals

Classical
See also: Classless society, Class struggle, Collectivism, Communist society, Direct action, Free love, Freethought, Gift economy, Individualism, Individual reclamation, Mutual aid, Proletarian internationalism, Propaganda of the deed, Property is theft!, Self-ownership, Spontaneous order, Social justice, Syndicalism, and Union of egoists
Further information: 1872 Hague Congress; Anarchism and Marxism; Anarchist St. Imier International; Isocracy; Land and liberty; No gods, no masters; and Paris Commune

Post-classical
See also: Anationalism, Anti-militarism, Anti-work, Autonomous social center, Communization, Deep ecology, Lifestylism, and Rewilding
Further information: Direct democracy, Internationalist–defencist schism, May 68, and Participatory democracy

Contemporary
Main article: Contemporary anarchism
See also: Affinity group, Alter-globalization, Anti-corporatism, Anti-globalization, Black bloc, Counter-economics, Freed market, Global justice movement, Horizontalidad, Permanent autonomous zone, Really Really Free Market, Somatherapy, Squatting, and Temporary autonomous zone
Further information: 1999 Seattle WTO protests, Carnival Against Capital, and Occupy movement

Opposition

Religious variants
See also: Anarchism and Islam and Anarchism and Orthodox Judaism
Further information: Anarchism and religion

Regional variants
Main article: List of anarchist movements by region

African
Main article: Anarchism in Africa

American
Main article: Anarchism in America

Asian
Main article: Anarchism in Asia

European
Main article: Anarchism in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Anarchism in Oceania

Authoritarianism
Main article: Authoritarianism

General

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

European

Christian democracy
Main article: Christian democracy
See also: Centre-right politics and Centrism
Further information: History of Christian democracy
Political internationals

General
See also: Catholic social teaching, Catholic subsidiarity, Christian ethics, Christian New Man, Communitarianism, Cultural mandate, Dignity of labor, Just war theory, Natural law, Neo-Calvinism, Neo-scholasticism, Social market economy, Solidarity, Sphere sovereignty, Stewardship, Subsidiarity, Thomism, and Whiggism
Further information: Centesimus annus, Graves de communi re, Laborem exercens, Laudato si', Quadragesimo anno, Rerum novarum, and Sollicitudo rei socialis

Other
See also: Conservatism, Corporatism, and Liberalism

Regional variants

African
Main article: Christian democracy in Africa

American
Main article: Christian democracy in America

Asian
Main article: Christian democracy in Asia

European
Main article: Christian democracy in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Christian democracy in Oceania

Communitarianism
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Communitarianism
Politics portal
Main article: Communitarianism

General
See also: Civil society, Political particularism, Positive rights, Social capital, and Value pluralism
Further information: Collectivism, Commune, Community, Community ownership, and Republicanism

Other
See also: Common ownership

Regional variants

Communism
Main article: Communism
See also: Anti-capitalism, Anti-fascism, Common ownership, Commune, Communist society, Economic planning, First International, History of communism, Law of value, Left-wing politics, Marxian economics, Marxism, Social egalitarianism, and Socialism
Further information: Classless society, Class struggle, Criticism of Marxan economics, Criticism of Marxism, Commons, Commune, Enclosure, Higher communism, Lower communism, Socialization, Proletarian revolution, Stateless society, and World revolution
Political internationals

Authoritarian
Main article: Authoritarian communism
See also: Centrally planned economy, Collective leadership, Socialism from above, State capitalism, and State socialism
Further information: Criticism of communist party rule, Communist state, Communist terrorism, Left-wing terrorism, List of socialist states, New Soviet Man, Old Left, Red Terror, Revolutionary terror, Socialist state, and Soviet-type economic planning

Libertarian
See also: Anti-authoritarianism, Anti-Leninism, Anti-Stalinist left, Anti-statism, Far-left politics, Free association, Libertarian socialism, Liberty, Market abolitionism, Social anarchism, Socialist economics, Socialism from below, and Syndicalism
Further information: Communist New Man, May 68, Neo-Marxian economics, and New Left

Other
Main articles: Marxist revisionism, Non-Marxist communism, Post-capitalism, Pre-Marxist communism, and Social revolution
See also: History of socialism
Further information: Utopian Socialist New Man

Opposition

Religious variants
Main article: Religious communism

Regional variants

African

American
Main article: Communism in America

Asian
Main article: Communism in Asia

European
Main article: Communism in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Communism in Oceania

Conservatism
Main article: Conservatism
See also: Anti-egalitarianism, Authority, Hierarchy, Natural law, Property rights, Social hierarchy, Status quo, and Tradition
Further information: Aristocracy, Authoritarianism, Capitalism, Centre-right politics, Conservatism and fascism, Conservatism and psychology, History of conservatism, Right-wing authoritarianism, Right-wing politics, and Right-wing violence
Political internationals

Traditional
See also: Anti-consumerism, Anti-materialism, Corporatism, Feudalism, Guildism, Noblesse oblige, and Organic solidarity

Reactionary
Main article: Reactionary
See also: Anti-modernism, Anti-rationalism, Counter-Enlightenment, Dark Enlightenment, Far-right politics, Fascism, Right-wing terrorism, and Status quo ante
Further information: Bourbon Restoration, Clerical philosophers, Concert of Europe, German Romanticism, Romanticism, Thermidorian Reaction, and White Terror

Other
See also: Economic liberalism, Free trade, Liberalism, Market economy, Mercantilism, Mixed economy, New Right, Protectionism, and State capitalism
Further information: Anglo-Saxon model, Chicago School, East Asian model, Monetarism, and Neo-classical economics

Opposition

Religious variants
Main article: Traditionalist conservatism

Regional variants

African
Main article: Conservatism in Africa
See also: Monarchism in Africa

American
Main article: Conservatism in America
See also: Monarchism in America

Asian
Main article: Conservatism in Asia
See also: Monarchism in Asia

European
Main article: Conservatism in Europe
See also: Monarchism in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Conservatism in Oceania
See also: Monarchism in Oceania

Corporatism
Corporatism
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Main article: Corporatism
See also: History of corporatism
Further information: Capitalism, Corporate group, Corporate law, Corporation, Corporatization, Feudal corporation, Corporatocracy, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, Guild, Oligarchy, Quango, Refeudalization, Social cohesion, and Syndic

General
See also: Corporatist economics, Dirigisme, East Asian model, Solidarity economy, State capitalism, Statism, and Tripartism

Other
See also: Bismarckian socialism, Bourgeois socialism, Conservative socialism, Feudalism, Mercantilism, Prussian socialism, Right-wing socialism, and Yellow socialism
Further information: Social democracy, State socialism, Syndicalism, Third Position, and Third Way

Religious variants
Main article: Corporatism in the Roman Catholic Church
See also: Catholic social teaching and Christian democracy

Regional variants
See also: East Asian model, Neo-corporatism, and Social democratic corporatism
Further information: Post-war consensus and Post-World War II economic expansion

Democracy
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Main article: Democracy
See also: History of democracy
Further information: Criticism of democracy
Political internationals

General
See also: Democratic peace theory

Other
See also: Populism, Sociocracy, and Sovereignty

Direct democracy movements
Main article: Direct democracy
See also: List of direct democracy parties
Further information: History of direct democracy

Pirate politics
Pirate politics
IdeologyAnti-corruption
Civil libertarianism
Civil rights
Direct democracy
E-democracy
Participatory democracy
Social liberalism
See also: List of Pirate Parties
Further information: History of pirate politics

Opposition

Religious variants
Main article: Religious democracy

Regional variants

African
Main article: Democracy in Africa
  • Egypt
  • Morocco

Asian
Main article: Democracy in Asia

American
Main article: Democracy in America

European
Main article: Democracy in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Democracy in Oceania
  • Australia

Environmentalism
Main article: Environmentalism
See also: Agrarianism, Agricultural economics, Ecological economics, Environmental economics, Environmental movement, Environmental politics, and Green party
Further information: Criticism of environmentalism, History of environmentalism, and Outline of green politics
Political internationals

Bright green environmentalism
Main article: Bright green environmentalism

Deep green environmentalism
Main article: Deep ecology

Light green environmentalism
Main article: Sustainable development

Other
Main article: Green politics

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African
Main article: Environmental movement in Africa

American
Main article: Environmental movement in America

Asian
Main article: Environmental movement in Asia

European
Main article: Environmental movement in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Environmental movement in Oceania

Fascism
Main article: Fascism
See also: Bourgeois nation, Class collaboration, Criticism of fascism, Definitions of fascism, Far-right politics, Fascism and capitalism, Fascism and conservatism, Fascism and democracy, Fascism and ideology, Fascism and liberalism, Fascism and Marxism, Fascism and the rhetoric of unification, Fascist as an insult, Fascist New Man, Fascist tenets, Heroic capitalism, History of fascism, National capitalism, Proletarian nation, State capitalism, Supercapitalism, Social order, Third Position, and Totalitarianism
Further information: 1924 Italian general election, Anti-Comintern Pact, Austrian Civil War, Aventine Secession, Axis powers, Beer Hall Putsch, Enabling Act, Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, Glossary of Fascist Italy, The Holocaust, Italian invasion of Albania, Italy under fascism, March 1933 German federal election, March on Rome, November 1932 German federal election, Nuremberg trials, Pacification of Libya, Reichstag fire, Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Spanish Civil War, and World War II

General
See also: Actual idealism, Anti-communism, Anti-democratic thought, Anti-liberalism, Anti-socialism, Authoritarianism, Authority, Eugenics, Fascist economics, Hierarchy, Imperialism, Militarism, Reactionary modernism, Statism, Statolatry, and Totalitarianism
Further information: Dictatorship, Economic interventionism, Economics of fascism, Fascist symbolism, Indoctrination, One-party state, Personality cult, Propaganda, Propaganda of Fascist Italy, Protectionism, Social interventionism, and Violence

Other
See also: Anti-modernism, Anti-rationalism, Antisemitism, Conservatism, Cultural nationalism, Ethno-nationalism, Iron law of oligarchy, Left-wing fascism, Racism, Reactionary, Right-wing populism, Social Darwinism, Social fascism, and White nationalism
Further information: Aryan race, Borghese coup, Business Plot, Far-right social centres, Far-right subcultures, Fascism and race, Far-right violence, Fascism and Sorelianism, German Romanticism, Nazism and race, Romanticism, and White terrorism

Opposition
Main article: Anti-fascism

By country

Religious variants
Main article: Fascism and religion
See also: Religion under fascist Italy and Religion under Francoist Spain

Regional variants
Main article: List of fascist movements

African
Main article: Fascism in Africa

American
Main article: Fascism in America

Asian
Main article: Fascism in Asia

European
Main article: Fascism in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Fascism in Oceania

Identity politics
Main article: Identity politics
See also: Minority rights
Further information: Criticism of identity politics, Intersectionality, Politically correct, Politically incorrect, and Regressive left
Political internationals

Feminism
Main article: Feminism
See also: Anti-feminism, Feminist biology, Feminist economics, Feminist effects on society, Feminist urbanism, Feminist movements and ideologies, Gender egalitarianism, Gender equality, Patriarchy, Matriarchy, Violence against women, and War on Women
Further information: Criticism of feminism, Feminism and equality, Feminism and media, Feminism and modern architecture, Feminism and pornography, Feminism and prostitution, Feminism and sexuality, and Feminist views on transgender topics

General
See also: Feminist movement, Gender equality, and Women's rights

Opposition

Chronological variants
Main article: History of feminism

Ethnic and social variants
See also: Black and post-colonial variants and Me Too movement

Religious variants

Regional variants
African
Main article: Feminism in Africa
American
Main article: Feminism in America
Asian
Main article: Feminism in Asia
See also: Women in India
European
Main article: Feminism in Europe
Oceanian
Main article: Feminism in Oceania

LGBT social movements
Main article: LGBT social movements

Men's movement
Main article: Men's movement

Self-determination movements
Main article: Self-determination

African-American
Main article: Black pride
See also: African-American leftism and Afrocentrism

Indigenous peoples
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Rights
Governmental organizations
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Issues
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Category
Main article: Indigenism
See also: Indigenous rights and Indigenous land rights
Further information: Genocide of indigenous peoples and List of indigenous peoples

Latin American

Separatist and supremacist movements
Main articles: Separatism and Supremacism

Ethnic
See also: Apartheid legislation, Bantustan, Bantu Education Act, Black Codes, Blockbusting, Discrimination, Group Areas Act, Jim Crow laws, Manifesto of Race, Pass laws, Racial steering, Nuremberg Laws, Redlining, Separate but equal, and Sundown town
Black
Main article: Black Power
White
Main article: White pride
  • Alt-right movement
  • White nationalism
  • White separatism
  • White supremacism
  • White terrorism
Regional variants
African
Main article: Separatism in Africa
  • South Africa
American
Main article: Separatism in the Americas
Asian
Main article: Separatism in Asia
  • Pakistan
European
Oceania
Main article: Separatism in Oceania

Gender
Main articles: Gender separatism and Sexism

Religious variants
Main articles: Religious separatism and Religious supremacism

Student movements

General
See also: Authentic assessment, Democratic education, Democratic schools, Hidden curriculum, Minimally invasive education, Sudbury school, Student-centred learning, Student protest, Student riot, Students' union, Student voice, and Unschooling

Regional variants
See also: 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Free school movement, Free Speech Movement, and Port Huron Statement
Further information: May 68 and Protests of 1968

Liberalism
Main article: Liberalism
See also: Anglo-Saxon model, Capitalism, Centre-left politics, Centre-right politics, Classical economics, History of liberalism, Laissez-faire, Liberal New Man, Free-market economy, Neo-classical economics, Rhine capitalism, and Welfare capitalism
Further information: Age of Enlightenment, Criticism of capitalism, Criticism of liberalism, Definition of liberalism, History of capitalism, Liberalism and fascism, Philosophy of liberalism, Revolutions of 1848, and Revolutions of 1989
Political internationals

General
See also: Civil rights, Democracy, Egalitarianism, Freedom, Freedom of the press, Freedom of religion, Freedom of speech, Free market, Human rights, Internationalism, Liberty, List of liberal theorists, Political equality, Natural rights, Negative and positive rights, Parliamentary system, Property rights, Representative democracy, Secularism, and Separation of church and state

Other
See also: Gender equality, Pirate politics, Progressivism, and Racial equality
Further information: Christian democracy, Conservatism, Libertarianism in the United States, and Social democracy

Opposition

Regional variants
Main article: Liberalism by country

African
Main article: Liberalism in Africa

American
Main article: Liberalism in America

Asian
Main article: Liberalism in Asia

European
Main article: Liberalism in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Liberalism in Oceania

Libertarianism
Main article: Libertarianism
See also: Anti-authoritarianism, Anti-statism, Decentralization, Free market, Freedom, Human rights, Liberty, and Self-governance
Further information: Age of Enlightenment; Criticism of libertarianism; Free will; History of anarchism; History of liberalism; Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness; Metaphysical libertarianism; Outline of libertarianism; and Radicalism
Political internationals

Left-libertarianism
Main article: Left-libertarianism
See also: Anarchism, Anti-authoritarianism, Anti-capitalism, Anti-corporatism, Anti-statism, Classical economics, Etymology of libertarianism, History of libertarianism, Labour theory of value, Positive liberty, and Negative and positive rights
Further information: Difference between possessive and personal property versus private property and Left anarchism

Right-libertarianism
Main article: Right-libertarianism
See also: Laissez-faire capitalism, Natural law, Natural rights, Negative and positive rights, Negative liberty, and Property rights
Further information: Austrian School, Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism, Criticism of anarcho-capitalism, Criticism of laissez-faire, Laissez-faire racism, Libertarianism and conservation laws, Libertarianism and Objectivism, Libertarian perspectives on abortion, Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment, Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention, Libertarian perspectives on immigration, Libertarian perspectives on inheritance, Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property, Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights, Libertarian perspectives on political alliances, Libertarian theories of law, Marginalism, and Neo-classical economics

Other
See also: Classical liberalism

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Asian
  • Hong Kong

European

Oceanian

Nationalism
Main article: Nationalism
See also: Floral emblem, Musical nationalism, National anthem, National colours, National epic, National flag, National god, National identity, National language, National myth, National sport, National symbol, and National treasure
Further information: History of nationalism, Revolutions of 1848, and Revolutions of 1989
Political internationals

General
See also: Autonomy, Nationalist economics, National identity, Self-determination, Solidarity, and Types of nationalism
Further information: Nationalist terrorism, Causes of World War I, Causes of World War II, Left-wing nationalism, Right-wing nationalism, World War I, and World War II

Other
See also: Populism

Opposition
Main article: Anti-nationalism
See also: Globalization, Global justice, and Global justice movement

Religious variants
Main article: Religious nationalism

Regional variants

African
Main article: Nationalism in Africa

American

Asian

European
Main article: Rise of nationalism in Europe

Oceanian

Unification movements
Main article: Pan-nationalism

Populism
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Populism
  • Politics portal
Main article: Populism
Further information: Populism and other themes
Political internationals

General
See also: Anti-corruption, Anti-establishmentarianism, Anti-elitism, Direct democracy, Popular democracy, and Popular sovereignty
Further information: Anti-particracy, Ochlocracy, People, and Syncretic politics
  • Conservative populism
  • Economic populism
  • Liberal populism
  • Reactionary populism
  • Social populism
  • Socialist populism

Left-wing populism
Main article: Left-wing populism

Right-wing populism
Main article: Right-wing populism

Other

Regional variants

African
Main article: Populism in Africa

Asian
Main article: Populism in Asia

American
Main articles: Populism in North America and Populism in Latin America

European
Main article: Populism in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Populism in Oceania

Progressivism
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Progressivism
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Main article: Progressivism
See also: Economic progressivism and Progressivism in philosophy and politics
Further information: Capitalism, Economic determinism, Economic development, History of liberalism, Industrialisation, Modernity, Philosophical progress, Philosophy of history, Philosophy of progress, Progressive education, and Technological change
Political internationals

General
See also: Anti-trust law, Fair trade, Historical radicalism, Idea of progress, Income redistribution, Keynesianism, Labor rights, Mixed economy, Progressive tax, Social change, Social justice, Social security, Trade unionism, and Welfare state

Other
See also: Liberalism, Reformism, Social democracy, Social liberalism, and Technocracy

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

Religio-political ideologies
See also: Engaged spirituality, Political theology, and Religion and peacebuilding
Further information: Criticism of religion
Political internationals

General
Part of a Philosophy series on
Humanism
History
Secular humanism
Other forms
Organizations
See also
Philosophy portal

Political atheism and agnosticism

Political Buddhism

Political Christianity
Main article: Christianity and politics

Political Confucianism

Political Hinduism

Political indigenous religions

Political Islam
Main article: Political aspects of Islam

Political Judaism
Part of a series on
Judaism
    
  •  Judaism portal
Main articles: Judaism and politics and Jewish political movements

Political Mormonism

Political Neopaganism

Political Shinto

Political Sikhism

Satirical and anti-politics
Main articles: Anti-politics and Political satire
See also: List of frivolous political parties

General
See also: Abstention, Dealignment, Political alienation, Political apathy, Political protest, Protest vote, Voter apathy, and Voter fatigue

Other
See also: Anti-elitism

Religious variants
Main article: Religious rejection of politics
  • Political quietism

Regional variants

Social democracy
Main article: Social democracy
See also: History of social democracy, Labour movement, Left-wing populism, Regulatory capitalism, Regulated market, Social fascism, Social market economy, Socialism, and Syndicalism
Further information: Criticism of social democracy, History of socialism, and Internationalist–defencist schism
Political internationals

General
See also: Fair trade, Income redistribution, Labor rights, Mixed economy, Nationalization, Nordic model, Progressive tax, Protectionism, Social justice, Social security, State capitalism, State socialism, Trade unionism, and Welfare
Further information: Development of social democracy

Other
See also: Communitarianism, Dirigisme, Historical radicalism, Keynesianism, Neo-corporatism, Neo-liberalism, Social liberalism, Tripartism, and Welfare state
Further information: Economic liberalism, Economic globalization, Free trade, and Social democracy and neo-liberalism

Opposition

Regional variants

African
Main article: Social democracy in Africa

American
Main article: Social democracy in America

Asian
Main article: Social democracy in Asia

European
Main article: Social democracy in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Social democracy in Oceania

Socialism
Main article: Socialism
See also: History of socialism, Left-wing politics, and Socialist economics
Further information: Criticism of socialism, Criticism of socialist economics, and Internationalist–defencist schism
Political internationals

General
See also: Anti-capitalism, Anti-corporatism, Anti-fascism, Economic planning, Liberty, Market economy, Social justice, Marxian socialism, Mixed economy, Planned economy, Post-capitalism, Post-scarcity, Social ownership, and Types of socialism
Further information: 1999 Seattle WTO protests, Alter-globalization, Anti-globalization, Carnival Against Capital, Global justice movement, Occupy movement, and Really Really Free Market

Authoritarian
Main article: Authoritarian socialism
See also: Centrally planned economy, Collective leadership, Socialism from above, State capitalism, and State socialism
Further information: Criticism of communist party rule, Communist state, Communist terrorism, Left-wing terrorism, List of socialist states, New Soviet Man, Old Left, Red Terror, Revolutionary terror, Socialist state, and Soviet-type economic planning

Libertarian
Main article: Libertarian socialism
See also: Anti-authoritarianism, Anti-statism, Decentralized planning, Free market, Market abolitionism, and Socialism from below
Further information: 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, East German uprising of 1953, Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Libertarianism, May 68, New Left, Socialist New Man, Prague Spring, and Protests of 1968

Other
Part of a series on
Organized labour
Main article: Types of socialism
See also: Classical economics, Labour theory of value, Pre-Marx socialists, Social democracy, and Syndicalism
Further information: Utopian socialist New Man

Opposition

Religious variants
Main article: Religious socialism

Regional variants

African
Main article: Socialism in Africa

American
Part of a series on
Socialism in
the United States
  •  Socialism portal
  •  United States portal
Main article: Socialism in America

Asian
Main article: Socialism in Asia

European
Main article: Socialism in Europe

Oceanian
Main article: Socialism in Oceania

Syndicalism
Main article: Syndicalism
See also: Labour economics
Further information: Industrial Revolution
Political internationals

General
See also: General strike, Labour rights, Mutual aid, One Big Union, Post-capitalism, Strike action, and Trade unionism
Further information: Grey market, Labour movement, and Workers' self-management

Other
See also: Corporatism and Guildism

Opposition

Regional variants

Transhumanist politics
Part of the Ideology series on
Transhumanism
Overviews
Currents
Political ideologies
Organizations
Main article: Transhumanist politics
See also: Outline of transhumanism
Political internationals

General
Main article: Transhumanism
See also: Human enhancement, Post-scarcity, Technological change, Technological singularity, and Transhuman
Further information: Transhumanist New Man

Other
See also: Progressivism

Regional variants
gollark: More green coppers for my collection. Excellent.
gollark: It happens a lot in the salt inferno.
gollark: You just happened to be the target of inevitable pointless crazy wrath.
gollark: And think "this unwritten rule I made up is so obvious, it *must* be true".
gollark: Because people are mad?

See also

References
  1. Roberts, Andrew (2004). The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.
  2. D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.
  3. Bouchard, T. J.; McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1). 44–45.
  4. Eaves, L. J.; Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes". Nature. 249, 288–289.
  5. Hatemi, P. K.; Medland, S. E.; Morley, K. I.; Heath, A. C.; Martin, N. G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics. 37 (3). 435–448.
  6. Hatemi, P. K.; Hibbing, J.; Alford, J.; Martin, N.; Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 584–600.
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