Socialist International

The Socialist International (SI) is a worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism.[1] It consists mostly of democratic socialist, social-democratic and labour political parties and other organisations.

Socialist International

Socialist International logo
Countries with members of Socialist International
Abbreviation	SI
Predecessor	Labour and Socialist International
Formation	3 June 1951 (1951-06-03)
Type	International non-governmental organization
Purpose	"Strengthen relations between the affiliated parties and to coordinate their political attitudes and activities"[1]
Location	London, SW4 United Kingdom
Region served	Worldwide
Membership	147
President	George Papandreou
Secretary General	Luis Ayala
Main organ	Congress of the Socialist International
Budget	£1.4 million (2014)[2]
Website	socialistinternational.org

Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents to the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 147 member parties[3] and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries including most of Europe.

The current secretary general of the SI is Luis Ayala (Chile) and the current president of the SI is the former Prime Minister of Greece, George Papandreou,[4] both of whom were re-elected at the last SI Congress held in Cartagena, Colombia in March 2017.

History

First and Second Internationals (1864–1916)

The International Workingmen's Association, also known as the First International, was the first international body to bring together organisations representing the working class.[5] It was formed in London on 28 September 1864 by socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade unions.[6] Tensions between moderates and revolutionaries led to its dissolution in 1876 in Philadelphia.[7]

The Second International was formed in Paris on 14 July 1889 as an association of the socialist parties.[8] Differences over World War I led to the Second International being dissolved in 1916.

Labour and Socialist International (1919–1940)

The International Socialist Commission (ISC), also known as the Berne International, was formed in February 1919 at a meeting in Berne by parties that wanted to resurrect the Second International.[9] In March 1919 communist parties formed Comintern (the Third International) at a meeting in Moscow.[10]

Parties which did not want to be a part of the resurrected Second International (ISC) or Comintern formed the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP, also known as Vienna International/Vienna Union/Two-and-a-Half International) on 27 February 1921 at a conference in Vienna.[11] The ISC and the IWUSP joined to form the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in May 1923 at a meeting in Hamburg.[12] The rise of Nazism and the start of World War II led to the dissolution of the LSI in 1940.

Socialist International (1951–present)

The Socialist International was formed in Frankfurt in July 1951 as a successor to the LSI.[13]

During the post-World War II period, the SI aided social democratic parties in re-establishing themselves when dictatorship gave way to democracy in Portugal (1974) and Spain (1975). Until its 1976 Geneva Congress, the SI had few members outside Europe and no formal involvement with Latin America.[14] In the 1980s, most SI parties gave their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas (FSLN), whose democratically elected left-wing government was subject to a campaign to overthrow it backed by the United States, which culminated in the Iran–Contra affair after the Reagan administration covertly continued US support for the Contras after such support was banned by Congress.

Willy Brandt with outgoing secretary general Bernt Carlsson (left) and new secretary general Pentti Väänänen (right) at the Socialist International Congress in 1983

In the late 1970s and in the 1980s the SI had extensive contacts and discussion with the two leading powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union, on issues concerning East–West relations and arms control. The SI supported détente and disarmament agreements, such as SALTII, START and INF. They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C. with President Jimmy Carter and Vice-President George Bush and in Moscow with Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev. The SI's delegations to these discussions were led by the Finnish Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa.[15]

Since then, the SI has admitted as members an increasing number of parties and organisations from Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America (see below for current list).

Following the Tunisian revolution, the Constitutional Democratic Rally was expelled from the SI in January 2011;[16] later that month the Egyptian National Democratic Party was also expelled;[17] and as a result of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, the Ivorian Popular Front was expelled in March 2011,[18] in accordance with section 7.1 of the statutes of the Socialist International. These decisions were approved at the subsequent SI Congress in Cape Town in 2012 in line with section 5.1.3 of the statutes.[19]

Progressive Alliance (2013)

On 22 May 2013 the SPD along with some other current and former member parties of the SI founded a rival international network of social-democratic parties known as the Progressive Alliance, citing their perceived undemocratic and outmoded nature of the SI,[20][21][22][23] as well as the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic political movements into the organization.[24][25]

Relationship with Latin America

For a long time, the Socialist International remained distant from Latin America, considering the region as a zone of influence of the United States. For example, it does not denounce the coup d'état against Socialist President Jacobo Árbenz in Guatemala in 1954 or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by the United States in 1965. It was not until the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that we discovered "a world we did not know", explains Antoine Blanca, a diplomat for the French PS. According to him, solidarity with the Chilean left was "the first challenge worthy of the name, against Washington, of an International which, until then, had done everything to appear subject to American strategy and NATO". Subsequently, notably under the leadership of François Mitterrand, the SI supported the sandinistas in Nicaragua and other movements in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras in their struggle against US-supported dictatorships.[26]

In the 1990s, it was joined by non-socialist parties that took note of the economic power of the European countries governed or to be governed by their partners across the Atlantic and calculated the benefits they could derive from it. During this period, "the socialist international works in a clientist way; some parties come here to rub shoulders with Europeans as if they were in the upper class," says Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, one of the representatives of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (Mexico) at the SI. It is home to "the very centrist Argentinean Radical Civic Union (UCR); the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which was not very democratically in power for seventy years; the Colombian Liberal Party - under whose governments the left-wing formation Patriotic Union (1986-1990) was exterminated - introduced the neoliberal model (1990-1994) and to which, until 2002, Álvaro Uribe will belong". In the following decade, many left-wing parties that came to power (in Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and El Salvador) preferred to keep their distance from the SI.[26]

Presidents, honorary presidents and secretaries general

Presidents

• Morgan Phillips, United Kingdom (1951–1957)
• Alsing Andersen, Denmark (1957–1962)
• Erich Ollenhauer, West Germany (1963)
• Bruno Pittermann, Austria (1964–1976)
• Willy Brandt, West Germany (1976–1992)
• Pierre Mauroy, France (1992–1999)
• António Guterres, Portugal (1999–2005)
• George Papandreou,[4] Greece (2006–present)

Honorary presidents

Current and honorary presidents include:[27]

• Pierre Mauroy, former president of the SI
• Mustapha Ben Jaafar, Tunisia
• Leonel Brizola, Brazil
• Ruben Berrios, Puerto Rico
• Philippe Busquin, Belgium
• Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, Mexico
• Mohamed El Yazghi, Morocco
• Alan García, Peru
• Anita Gradin, Sweden
• Elazar Granot, Israel
• Tarja Halonen, Finland
• Mahamadou Issoufou, Niger
• Anker Jørgensen, Denmark
• Lionel Jospin, France
• Neil Kinnock, Great Britain
• Horacio Serpa, Colombia
• Enrique Silva Cimma, Chile
• Mário Soares, Portugal
• Hans-Jochen Vogel, Germany

Secretaries general

• Julius Braunthal, Austria (1951–1956)
• Bjarne Braatoy, Norway (1956–1957)
• Albert Carthy, Great Britain (1957–1969)
• Hans Janitschek, Austria (1969–1976)
• Bernt Carlsson, Sweden (1976–1983)
• Pentti Väänänen, Finland (1983–1989)
• Luis Ayala, Chile (1989–present)

Summits

• I Frankfurt 1951
• II Milan 1952
• III Stockholm 1953
• IV London 1955
• V Vienna 1957
• VI Hamburg 1959
• VII Rome 1961
• VIII Amsterdam 1963
• IX Brussels 1964
• X Stockholm 1966
• XI Eastbourne 1969
• XII Vienna 1972
• XIII Geneva 1976
• XIV Vancouver 1978
• XV Madrid 1980
• XVI Albufeira 1983
• XVII Lima 1986
• XVIII Stockholm 1989
• XIX Berlin 1992
• XX New York City 1996
• XXI Paris 1999
• XXII São Paulo 2003
• XXIII Athens 2008
• XXIV Cape Town 2012
• XXV Cartagena 2017

Members

Full members

The following parties are full members:[28][29]

Country	Name	Abbr	Government	Notes
Albania	Socialist Party of Albania[30][31][32]	PS	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 1999.[33][32] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34]
Algeria	Socialist Forces Front[35][36][37]	FFS	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][37]
Andorra	Social Democratic Party[40][41]	PS	in opposition	Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][41]
Angola	Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola[42]	MPLA	in government	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][42]
Argentina	Radical Civic Union[43]	UCR	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][43]
Armenia	Armenian Revolutionary Federation [44][45]	ARF	in opposition	Admitted (as Armenian Socialist Party) as observer member in 1996.[39][45] Promoted (as ASP) to consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted (as ASP) to full member in 2003.[34]
Austria	Social Democratic Party of Austria[46]	SPÖ	in opposition	Full member since 1951.[46]
Azerbaijan	Social Democratic Party	ASDP	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[34] Readmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[47] Admitted as full member in 2016.[48]
Belarus	Belarusian Social Democratic Party	BSDP	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 1999.[33] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
Belgium	Socialist Party[50]	PS	confidence and supply
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina[51][41]	SDP BiH	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][41]
Brazil	Democratic Labour Party[52]	PDT	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[53][52] Promoted to full member in 1989.[52][54]
Bulgaria	Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats[55]	PBSD	in opposition
Bulgaria	Bulgarian Socialist Party[56]	BSP	in opposition	Admitted as full member in 2003.[34][56]
Burkina Faso	People's Movement for Progress	MPP	in government	Admitted as full member in 2016.[48]
Cameroon	Social Democratic Front[57]	SDF	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][57]
Cape Verde	African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde[58]	PAICV	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][58]
Central African Republic	Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People	MLPC	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Upgraded to full member in 2018.
Chad	National Union for Democracy and Renewal	UNDR	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[47] Upgraded to full member in 2017.
Chile	Party for Democracy[60]	PPD	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][60]
Chile	Radical Social Democratic Party[61]	PRSD	in opposition
Chile	Socialist Party of Chile[62]	PS	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][62]
Colombia	Colombian Liberal Party[63]	PLC	junior party in coalition	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][63]
Costa Rica	National Liberation Party[64]	PLN	in opposition	Full member since 1987.[64]
Croatia	Social Democratic Party of Croatia[65][66]	SDP	in opposition	Admitted as full member in 1999.[33][66]
Cyprus	Movement for Social Democracy[67][68]	EDEK	in opposition	Full member since 1987.[68] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38]
Cyprus (North)	Republican Turkish Party	CTP	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 2008 (pending consultation).[59] Promoted to full member in June/July 2014.[47]
Cyprus (North)	Communal Democracy Party	TDP	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in November 2015.[49] Promoted to full member in March 2017.
Czech Republic	Czech Social Democratic Party[69][70]	ČSSD	junior party in coalition
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Union for Democracy and Social Progress	UDPS	in government	Admitted as observer member in 2003.[34]
Dominican Republic	Dominican Revolutionary Party[71]	PRD	junior party in coalition	Full member since 1987.[71]
Equatorial Guinea	Convergence for Social Democracy[72]	CPDS	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][72]
Finland	Social Democratic Party of Finland	SDP	senior party in coalition
France	Socialist Party[73]	PS	in opposition
Ghana	National Democratic Congress	NDC	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Greece	Panhellenic Socialist Movement	PASOK	in opposition	Part of the Movement for Change coalition. Full member since 1990.[74]
Guatemala	National Unity of Hope	UNE	in opposition	Admitted as full member in 2008.[59]
Guinea	Rally of the Guinean People[75][76]	RPG	in government	Admitted (as Guinean People's Assembly) as consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted (as GPA) to full member in 2003.[34][76]
Haiti	Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats[77]	PFSDH	in opposition	Full member since 1989.[77]
Haiti	Social Democratic Assembly for the Progress of Haiti (RSD)	RSD	in opposition	Admitted as full members in 2018[78]
Hungary	Hungarian Socialist Party[79][80]	MSzP	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 1992.[38][80] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39]
Hungary	Social Democratic Party of Hungary	MSZDP	extra-parliamentary	Member since 1990.[81] Admitted as observer member in 1992.[38] Promoted to consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34]
India	Indian National Congress	INC	in opposition	Originally joined in 1993.[82] Readmitted as full member December 2014.[83]
Iran	Kurdistan Democratic Party	KDP	N/A	Admitted as a full member in November 2015.[49]
Iraq	Patriotic Union of Kurdistan	PUK	junior party in coalition	Admitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Ireland	Labour Party[84][85]		in opposition
Israel	Israeli Labor Party[86][68]	Avoda	junior party in coalition	Until May 2020, it temporarily suspended membership in July 2018 over SI's adoption of BDS policies.[87]
Israel	Meretz[86][68]		in opposition
Italy	Italian Socialist Party	PSI	in opposition
Jamaica	People's National Party[88]	PNP	in opposition	Full member since 1952.[88] Temporarily demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28]
Japan	Social Democratic Party[89]	SDP	in opposition	Full member since 1951 as the Japan Socialist Party.[89]
Kazakhstan	Nationwide Social Democratic Party	OSDP	N/A	Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[90] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
Kyrgyzstan	Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan	SDPK	in government	Promoted to full member in June 2018.
Lebanon	Progressive Socialist Party[91]	PSP	in opposition	Full member since 1980.[91]
Lithuania	Social Democratic Party of Lithuania[92]	LSDP	junior party in coalition	Full member since the 1990s.[92]
Mali	Alliance for Democracy in Mali[93]	ADEMA-PASJ	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][93] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Mali	Rally for Mali	RPM	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
Mauritania	Rally of Democratic Forces	RFD	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Mauritius	Labour Party[94]	PT	in opposition	Full member since 1969.[94]
Mauritius	Mauritian Militant Movement[95]	MMM	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][95] Part of the Alliance of the Heart.
Mexico	Institutional Revolutionary Party[96]	PRI	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][96]
Moldova	Democratic Party of Moldova[97]	PDM	junior party in coalition	Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[59] Promoted to full member in 2012.[90] Part of Alliance for European Integration.
Mongolia	Mongolian People's Party[98][99]	MPP	in government	Admitted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) as observer member in 1999.[33][99] Promoted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) to full member in 2003.[34][99]
Mongolia	Mongolian Social Democratic Party[99]	MSDP	N/A	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38][99] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39] Merged with others in 2000 to form the Democratic Party
Montenegro	Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro[100]	DPS	senior party in coalition	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Montenegro	Social Democratic Party of Montenegro[100][101][102]	SDP	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][102]
Morocco	Socialist Union of Popular Forces[103][104][105]	USFP	in opposition	Promoted to full member in 1992.[38]
Mozambique	Frelimo Party[106]	FRELIMO	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33]
Namibia	South West Africa People's Organisation	SWAPO	in government	Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Nepal	Nepali Congress[107][108]	NC	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][108]
Niger	Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism[109]	PNDS	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][109]
Pakistan	Pakistan Peoples Party[110]	PPP	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][110]
Palestine	Fatah[111][112]		in government	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted to full member in 2012.[90]
Panama	Democratic Revolutionary Party[113]	PRD	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[53][113] Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34]
Paraguay	Democratic Progressive Party	PDP	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[59] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
Peru	American Popular Revolutionary Alliance[114]	APRA	in opposition	Promoted to full member in 1999.[33]
Philippines	Philippines Democratic Socialist Party	PDSP	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014. Reinstated in 2019.
Portugal	Socialist Party[115]	PS	in government
Puerto Rico	Puerto Rican Independence Party[116]	PIP	in opposition	Consultative member in 1987, full member in 1994.[116] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38]
Romania	Social Democratic Party[117][118]	PSD	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33] Consultative member in 1992, full member in 2001.[118] Admitted as full member in 2003.[34]
Russia	A Just Russia[119][120]	SR	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2010. Promoted to full member in 2012.[90][121]
San Marino	Party of Socialists and Democrats[109]	PSD	in opposition	Consultative member in 1961, full member in 1980.[109]
Senegal	Socialist Party of Senegal[122][123]	PS	N/A	Full member since the 1970s.[123] Boycotted last election.
Slovakia	Direction – Social Democracy[124]	SMER-SD	in opposition	Full member since 1994.[124]
South Africa	African National Congress[125]	ANC	in government	Admitted as full member in 1999.[33][125]
Spain	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party[126]	PSOE	in government	Full member since 1951.[126]
Tunisia	Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties	FDTL	junior party in coalition	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Promoted to full member in 2012.[90]
Turkey	Republican People's Party[127][128][129]	CHP	in opposition	Took Social Democratic Populist Party's place in 1995.[129]
United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)	Social Democratic and Labour Party[130][131]	SDLP	in opposition	Full member since 1974.[131]
Uruguay	New Space[132][133]	PNE	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][133]
Venezuela	A New Era	UNT	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 2013.[134] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
Venezuela	Democratic Action[135][136]	AD	in opposition	Observer member in 1966, consultative member in 1981, full member mid 1980s.[136]
Venezuela	Popular Will	VP	in opposition	Admitted as full member in December 2014.[83]
Yemen	Yemeni Socialist Party	YSP	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Promoted to consultative member in 2008.[59] Promoted to full member in 2012.[90]

Consultative parties

The following parties are consultative parties:[28][29]

Country	Name	Abbr	Government	Notes
Belize	People's United Party	PUP	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[47]
Botswana	Botswana Democratic Party	BDP	in government	Admitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[47]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Unified Lumumbist Party	PALU	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in December 2014.[83] Upgraded to consultative in 2019.
Djibouti	Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development	MRD	in opposition	Admitted as consultative members in 2019.
Gabon	Gabonese Progress Party	PGP	N/A	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39]
Gambia	United Democratic Party	UDP	N/A	Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[90] Boycotted last election.
Georgia	Social Democrats for the Development of Georgia	SDD	N/A	Admitted as consultative member in 2013.[134]
Ghana	Convention People's Party	CPP		Admitted as consultative member in 2018
Guinea-Bissau	African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde	PAIGC	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
Iran	Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan	PDKI	N/A	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 2008.[59]
Palestine	Palestinian National Initiative[112]	PNI	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2012.[90]
Palestine	Palestine Popular Struggle Front	PPSF		Admitted as consultative member in 2018.
Sahrawi Republic	Polisario Front	POLISARIO	in government	Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2017.[137][138]
São Tomé and Príncipe	Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party	MLSTP/PSD	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 2013.[134]
Eswatini	People's United Democratic Movement	PUDEMO	N/A	Admitted as consultative member in 2013.[134] Political parties are banned in Eswatini.
Syria	Democratic Union Party	PYD		Admitted as consultative member in November 2015.[49]
Togo	Democratic Convention of African Peoples	CDPA		Admitted as consultative member in 1999.[33]
Turkey	Peoples' Democratic Party	HDP	in opposition	Admitted as consultative member in 2015.
Ukraine	Social Democratic Party of Ukraine[139]	SDPU	N/A	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]

Observer parties

The following parties are observer parties:[28][29]

Country	Name	Abbr	Government	Notes
Swaziland	Swaziland Democratic Party	SWADEPA		Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[47]
Iran	Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan	KPIK		Admitted as observer member in December 2014.[83]
Iran	Komala Party of Kurdistan	KPK		Admitted as observer member in December 2014.[83]
Kenya	Labour Party of Kenya			Admitted as observer member in 2012.[90]
Kosovo	Vetëvendosje	VV	in government	Admitted as observer member in 2018.
Lesotho	Lesotho Congress for Democracy	LCD	in opposition	Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[47]
Serbia	Social Democratic Party of Serbia	SDPS	junior party in coalition government	Admitted as observer member in 2018.
United Kingdom	Labour Party[140]		in opposition	Member since 1951.[140] Welsh Labour is in government in Wales and London Labour holds the London Mayoralty. The party asked to be downgraded to observer status in February 2013 "in view of ethical concerns, and to develop international co-operation through new networks."[141]

Former members

Country	Name	Abbr	Notes
Albania	Social Democratic Party of Albania[142]	PSD	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][142] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Algeria	National Liberation Front	FLN	Expelled following the 2019 Algerian protests.
Andorra	New Democracy	ND	Admitted as consultative member in 1999.[33]
Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua Labour Party	ALP	Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
Argentina	Popular Socialist Party	PSP	Admitted as full member in 1992.[38] Merged with the Democratic Socialist Party to form the Socialist Party.
Argentina	Socialist Party[143][144]	PS	Full member since 1951.[144]
Aruba	People's Electoral Movement[42]	MEP	Promoted to full member in 1992.[38] Full member since 1994.[42] Delisted in December 2014.
Australia	Australian Labor Party[145]	ALP	Admitted as full member in 1966.[145] Delisted in December 2014.
Barbados	Barbados Labour Party[146]	BLP	Admitted as full member in 1987.[146] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Belgium	Belgian Socialist Party	PSB/BSP	Founder member. Split in 1978.
Belgium	Socialist Party Different	SP.a	Delisted in 2017.
Benin	Democratic Union of Progressive Forces	UDFP	Admitted as observer member in 1992.[38]
Benin	Social Democratic Party[147]	PSD	Admitted as consultative member in 1999.[33][147] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][147]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Alliance of Independent Social Democrats	SNSD	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008[59] Expelled in August 2012.[90]
Botswana	Botswana National Front	BNF	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
Bolivia	Revolutionary Left Movement[148]	MIR	Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Consultative member in 1987.[148] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38][148]
Bulgaria	European Left	BEL[149]	Admitted as observer member in 1999.[33]
Burkina Faso	Party for Democracy and Progress / Socialist Party[60]	PDP/PS	Admitted as full member circa 1995.[60] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Burundi	Front for Democracy in Burundi	FRODEBU	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Canada	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	CCF	Became the New Democratic Party in 1961.
Canada	New Democratic Party[150]	NDP/NPD	Delisted in 2018.[151]
Central African Republic	Movement for Democracy and Social Progress	MDPS	Admitted as observer member in 1992.[38]
Ivory Coast	Ivorian Popular Front[152]	FPI	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][152] Expelled in March 2011.[18]
Colombia	Alternative Democratic Pole	PDA	Former observer member. Delisted in December 2014.
Colombia	M-19 Democratic Alliance		Admitted as observer member in 1992.[38]
Curaçao	Partido MAN	MAN	Promoted to full member in 1989.[54] Delisted in 2017.
Denmark	Social Democrats	SD	Founding member. Withdrew in 2017.
Dominica	Dominica Labour Party	DLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Ecuador	Democratic Left[153]	PID	Member since 1987.[153] Delisted in 2017.
Egypt	Egyptian Social Democratic Party	ESDP (or HMDI in Arabic)	Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[90] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49] Delisted in 2019 due to non-payment of membership fees.
Egypt	National Democratic Party[64]	NDP	Admitted as full member in 1989.[54] Full member since 1992.[64] Expelled in January 2011.[17][154][155]
El Salvador	Democratic Party	PD	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
Estonia	Social Democratic Party[156][157]	SDE	Member since 1990.[157] Withdrew in 2017.
Fiji	Fiji Labour Party	FLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Expelled in 2008, due to the party's participation in a government issued from a military coup.[59]
Georgia	Union of Citizens of Georgia	CUG	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
Germany	Social Democratic Party of Germany	SPD	Founding member. Withdrew in 2017.
Greenland	Forward		Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Guatemala	Social Democratic Convergence[158]	CSD	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34][158]
Haiti	Party of the National Congress of Democratic Movements	KONAKOM	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39]
Haiti	Struggling People's Organization	OPL	Admitted (as Lavalas Political Organisation) as observer member in 1996.[39]
Haiti	Revolutionary Progressive Nationalist Party	PANPRA	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38]
Hungary	Social Democratic Party of Hungary	MSZDP	Member since 1990. Admitted as observer member in 1992. Promoted to consultative member in 1999. Promoted to full member in 2003. Delisted in 2020 due to inactivity
Iceland	Social Democratic Party	A	Member since 1987.[159] Formed Social Democratic Alliance in 2000.
Iceland	Social Democratic Alliance	S	Withdrew in 2017.
Iran	League of Iranian Socialists		Joined in 1960.[160] It was dissolved in 1980s.
Italy	Democratic Party of the Left	PDS	Admitted as full member in 1992.[38] Merged with others to form Democrats of the Left in 1998.
Italy	Democrats of the Left[161]	DS	Full member since 1992 as Democratic Party of the Left.[161] Merged with other movements to form the Democratic Party in 2007. Listed as SI member until XXIV Congress in 2012.
Italy	Italian Socialist Party	PSI	Party dissolved in 1994 and succeeded by the Italian Socialists (who formed the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 and resumed as the Italian Socialist Party PSI in 2007).
Italy	Italian Democratic Socialist Party	PSDI	Party merged into the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 (renamed into Italian Socialist Party PSI in 2007).
Japan	Democratic Socialist Party	Minsha-tō	Admitted as SI member in 1961.[162] Merged with non-socialist movements to form the New Frontier Party in 1994.
Jordan	Jordanian Democratic Party of the Left	JDPL	Admitted as observer member in 2003.[34]
Kyrgyzstan	Ata Meken Socialist Party[163]		Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59]
Latvia	Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party[164]	LSDSP	Full member since 1994.[164] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Latvia	Social Democratic Party "Harmony"	SDPS	Admitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[47] Withdrew in 2017.
Luxembourg	Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party[165][166]	LSAP/POSL	Full member since 1951.[166] Delisted in 2018 for non-payment of membership fees.
North Macedonia	Social Democratic Union of Macedonia[167][168][169]	SDSM	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][169] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Madagascar	Party for National Unity	VITM	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[54]
Malaysia	Democratic Action Party[170][136]	DAP	Full member since 1987.[136] Delisted in 2017.[170]
Malta	Labour Party[171]	PL	Full member since 1955.[171] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Mexico	Party of the Democratic Revolution[172]	PRD	Admitted as full member in 1996.[39][172]
Moldova	Social Democratic Party of Moldova	PSDM	Admitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
Namibia	Congress of Democrats	CoD	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Netherlands	Labour Party[173]	PvdA	Decided to minimise involvement in SI in December 2012.[174] Delisted in December 2014.
New Zealand	New Zealand Labour Party[133]	NZLP	Member since 1952.[133] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Nicaragua	Sandinista National Liberation Front	FSLN	Expelled in January 2019 because of violation of human rights during the Nicaraguan protests
Nigeria	All Progressives Congress[112]	APC	Admitted as consultative member in December 2014.[83]
North Vietnam	Vietnamese Socialist Party[175]		Consultative member between 1955 and 1969.[175]
Norway	Labour Party[176][177]	DNA	Member since 1951.[177] Withdrew in 2016.
Paraguay	Party for a Country of Solidarity[178]	PPS	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Paraguay	Revolutionary Febrerista Party[179][180]	PRF	Admitted as full member in the 1970s.[180]
Philippines	Akbayan Citizens' Action Party	AKBAYAN	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
Poland	Democratic Left Alliance[181][182]	SLD	Full member since 1996.[182] Withdrew in 2017.
Poland	Labour Union[183]	UP	Admitted as full member in 1996.[39][183] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Poland	Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland	SdRP	Admitted as full member in 1996.[39] Absorbed into the Democratic Left Alliance in 1999.
Romania	Democratic Party	PD	Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33] Merged with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party.
Russia	Social Democratic Party of Russia	SDPR	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
Saint Lucia	Progressive Labour Party		Expelled in 1992.[38]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party	SKNLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia Labour Party	SLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Saint Vincent Labour Party	SVGLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Merged with the Movement for National Unity in 1994 to form the Unity Labour Party.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Unity Labour Party	ULP	Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Serbia	Democratic Party[184]	DS	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Serbia	Social Democratic Party[184]	SDP	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Ceased to exist in 2009[184]
Singapore	People's Action Party	PAP	Resigned in 1976 due to Dutch concerns over suppression of free speech.
Slovakia	Party of the Democratic Left	SDĽ	Admitted as full member in 1996.[39] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
Slovakia	Social Democratic Party of Slovakia	SDSS	Admitted as full member in 1992.[38] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
Slovenia	Slovenian Democratic Party	SDS	Admitted (as the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia) as observer member in 1992.[38]
Slovenia	Social Democrats[185]	SD	Admitted (as United List of Social Democrats) as full member in 1996.[39][185] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Sweden	Swedish Social Democratic Party	SAP	Withdrew in March 2017.[186]
Switzerland	Social Democratic Party of Switzerland[187]	SP/PS	Withdrew in 2017.
Tanzania	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	CCM	Admitted as full member in 2013.
Timor-Leste	Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor	FRETILIN	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
Tunisia	Constitutional Democratic Rally[52]	RCD	Admitted as full member in 1989.[54] Full member since 1993.[52] Expelled in January 2011.[16]
Tunisia	Popular Unity Movement	MUP	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[54]
Turkey	Democratic Left Party	DSP	Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Expelled in 1992.[38]
Turkey	Democratic People's Party	DEHAP	Admitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Merged with the Democratic Society Movement to form the Democratic Society Party which in turn was succeeded by the Peace and Democracy Party.
Turkey	Social Democracy Party[129]	SODEP	Full member since 1990.[129] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.[129]
Turkey	Social Democratic Populist Party	SHP	Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Promoted to full member in 1989.[54] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.
Ukraine	Socialist Party of Ukraine	SPU	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Expelled in July 2011.[188]
United States	Democratic Socialists of America	DSA	Had been a member of SI since founding in 1982, withdrew in August 2017.[189]
United States	Social Democrats, USA[185]	SDUSA	Member since 1972.[185] Withdrew in 2005.
Uruguay	Party for the Government of the People	PGP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Merged with the Colorado Party in 1994.
Uruguay	Socialist Party of Uruguay[190]	PSUA	Admitted as full member in 1999.[33][190] Withdrew in 2017.[191]
Venezuela	For Social Democracy	PODEMOS	Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
Venezuela	Movement for Socialism	MAS	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
Zambia	Patriotic Front	PF	Admitted as consultative member in 2013.[134]
Zimbabwe	Movement for Democratic Change	MDC	Admitted as full member in 2008.[59] Delisted in 2017.

Fraternal organisations

• International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International[192]
• International Union of Socialist Youth[193]
• Socialist International Women[194]

Associated organisations

International Federation of the Socialist and Democratic Press[192] International Jewish Labor Bund[195] International Labour Sports Confederation[195] International League of Religious Socialists[196][39][197]

International Social Democratic Union for Education[196] Labor Zionism National Democratic Institute for International Affairs[198]

Party of European Socialists[109] Social Democratic Group of the Latin American Parliament

See also

• French Section of the Workers' International
• Reformism

Notes

1. "Statutes of the Socialist International". Socialist International.
2. "Finances of the International". Socialist International.
3. "About Us". Socialist International.
4. "Presidium". Socialist International.
5. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 176.
6. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. xxiv.
7. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. xxv.
8. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 302.
9. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 52.
10. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 77.
11. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 177.
12. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 197.
13. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 320.
14. The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of South America, Routledge, 1989
15. Väänänen, Pentti (2012). Purppuraruusu ja samettinyrkki (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Kellastupa. pp. 192–194. ISBN 9789525787115.
16. "SI decision on Tunisia". Socialist International. 17 January 2011.
17. "Letter to the General Secretary of the National Democratic Party, NDP Egypt" (PDF). Socialist International. 31 January 2011.
18. "SI Presidium addresses situation in Côte d'Ivoire". Socialist International. 19 March 2011.
19. "Statutes". Socialist International. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
20. Bruderzwist unter Sozialisten - Politik - Süddeutsche.de. Sueddeutsche.de. Retrieved on 15 July 2013.
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24. "SPD will Sozialistischer Internationale den Geldhahn zudrehen und den Mitgliedsbeitrag nicht zahlen – SPIEGEL ONLINE". Der Spiegel. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
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28. "Member Parties". Socialist International.
29. "Social Democratic Parties". Broad Left. 1 June 2005.
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32. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 323.
33. "XXI Congress of the Socialist International, Paris - Decisions of the Congress Regarding Membership". Socialist International.
34. "XXII Congress of the Socialist International, São Paulo - Decisions of the Congress Regarding Membership". Socialist International.
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38. "XIX Congress of the Socialist International, Berlin - Decisions on Membership of the Socialist International". Socialist International.
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42. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 270.
43. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 286.
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54. "XVIII Congress of the Socialist International, Stockholm - Decisions on Membership of the Socialist International". Socialist International.
55. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 67.
56. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 68.
57. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 307.
58. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 25.
59. "XXIII Congress of the Socialist International, Athens - Decisions of the Congress Regarding Membership". Socialist International.
60. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 265.
61. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 314.
62. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 325.
63. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 211.
64. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 245.
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87. "Israel's Labor party quits Socialist International after it adopts BDS - BDS - Jerusalem Post".
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89. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 186.
90. "XXIV Congress of the Socialist International, Cape Town - Decisions on Membership". Socialist International.
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92. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 214.
93. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 29.
94. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 230.
95. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 229.
96. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 167.
97. "Moldova". European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015.
98. "Party History". Mongolian People's Party.
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106. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 132.
107. "Introduction". Nepali Congress.
108. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 250.
109. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 267.
110. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 261.
111. "Fatah becomes member of Socialist International". Ma'an News Agency. 2 July 2011.
112. "Palestinian Territories". European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
113. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 290.
114. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 273.
115. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 280.
116. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 285.
117. "Afiliere internationala" (in Romanian). Social Democratic Party (Romania). Archived from the original on 16 April 2013.
118. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 293.
119. "Russia". European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012.
120. "Just Russia – member of Socialist International". Sergey Mironov. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
121. "СПРАВЕДЛИВАЯ РОССИЯ стала полноправным членом Социнтерна" (in Russian). A Just Russia. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
122. "Le Parti en bref" (in French). Socialist Party of Senegal. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
123. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 326.
124. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 107.
125. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 24.
126. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 336.
127. "European Union Representation". Republican People's Party (Turkey).
128. "Turkey". European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
129. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 289.
130. "Our History". Social Democratic and Labour Party.
131. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 305.
132. "Nuevo Espacio" (in Spanish). New Space (Uruguay). Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
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138. MEMBER PARTIES of the SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL - Consultative parties Socialist International
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148. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 241.
149. Janusz Bugajski (2002). Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 790–. ISBN 978-1-56324-676-0. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
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151. Laura Payton (14 April 2013). "NDP votes to take 'socialism' out of party constitution". CBC News. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
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178. "Party for a Country of Solidarity" (in Spanish). Party for a Country of Solidarity.
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References

• Lamb, Peter; Docherty, James C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism (Second ed.). The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5560-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Further reading

• The Socialist International by Nikolai Sibilev, 1984.
• Social Democracy and Southern Africa by Vladimir Shubin (pseudonym of Vladimir Bushin), 1989.
• Julius Braunthal, "The Rebirth of Social Democracy," Foreign Affairs, vol. 27, no. 4 (July 1949), pp. 586–600. In JSTOR
• Pentti Vaananen, The Rose and the Fist, SYS Print, 2014, pp. 50–230. ISBN 978-952-93-3706-4

External links

• Official website