Liberalism in South Korea

This article gives an overview of liberalism in South Korea. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proven by having had a representation in parliament.

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Introduction

Note: the word liberal in South Korea is often used in its traditional sense. Liberal parties in the American sense of the term tend to label themselves as "Democratic" or "Progressive" instead.

There has been a tradition of liberal parties since 1955, often organized around persons. Presently the Democratic Party of Korea, and the People Party are the main successors of the liberal parties' tradition.

Liberal parties

The political party that once were ruling party are in bold.

Mainstream parties

Minor parties
  • New Alternatives (2020)

Liberal presidents in South Korea

Major liberal parties election results of South Korea

Presidential elections
Election Candidate Total votes Share of votes Outcome Party Name
1952 Yi Si-yeong 764,715 10.9% Defeated N Democratic National Party
1956 Shin Ik-hee 0 0.0% died before election Democratic Party (1955)
March 1960 Chough Pyung-ok 0 (electoral vote) 0.0% died before election Democratic Party (1955)
August 1960 Yun Bo-seon 208 (electoral vote) 82.2% Elected Y Democratic Party (1955)
1963 Yun Bo-seon 4,546,614 45.1% Defeated N Civil Rule Party
1967 Yun Bo-seon 4,526,541 40.9% Defeated N New Democratic Party
1971 Kim Dae-jung 5,395,900 45.3% Defeated N New Democratic Party
1981 Yu Chi-song 404 7.7% Defeated N Democratic Korea Party
1987 Kim Dae-jung 6,113,375 27.0% Defeated N Party for Peace and Democracy
1992 Kim Dae-jung 8,041,284 33.8% Defeated N Democratic Party (1991)
1997 Kim Dae-jung 10,326,275 40.3% Elected Y National Congress for New Politics
2002 Roh Moo-hyun 12,014,277 48.9% Elected Y Millennium Democratic Party
2007 Chung Dong-young 6,174,681 26.1% Defeated N United New Democratic Party
2012 Moon Jae-in 14,692,632 48.0% Defeated N Democratic United Party
2017 Moon Jae-in 13,423,800 41.1% Elected Y Democratic Party of Korea
Ahn Cheol-soo 6,998,342 21.41% Defeated N People's Party

Legislative elections
Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Status Election leader Party Name
1948
29 / 200
 916,322 13.5% new 29 seats; Minority in opposition Kim Seong-su Korea Democratic Party
1950
24 / 210
 683,910 9.8% new 24 seats; Minority in opposition Shin Ik-hee Democratic National Party
1954
15 / 203
 593,499 7.9% 29 seats; Minority in opposition Shin Ik-hee Democratic National Party
1958
79 / 233
 2,914,049 34.0% new 79 seats; Minority in opposition Chough Pyung-ok Democratic Party (1955)
1960
175 / 233
 3,786,401 41.7% 96 seats; Majority in government Chough Pyung-ok Democratic Party (1955)
1963
41 / 175
 1,870,976 20.1% new 41 seats; Minority in opposition Yun Bo-seon Civil Rule Party
14 / 175
 1,264,285 13.6% new 14 seats; Minority in opposition Park Soon-cheon Democratic Party (1963)
1967
45 / 175
 3,554,224 32.7% new 45 seats; Minority in opposition Yu Jin-o New Democratic Party
1971
89 / 204
 4,969,050 44.4% 44 seats; Minority in opposition Kim Hong-il New Democratic Party
1973
52 / 219
 3,577,300 32.5% 37 seats; Minority in opposition Yu Chin-san New Democratic Party
1978
61 / 231
 4,861,204 32.8% 9 seats; Minority in opposition Yi Cheol-seung New Democratic Party
1985
67 / 276
 5,843,827 29.3% new 81 seats; Minority in opposition Lee Min-woo New Korea Democratic Party
1988
70 / 299
 3,783,279 19.3% new 70 seats; in Coalition (PPD-DRP-NDRP) in opposition Lee Min-woo Peace Democratic Party
1992
97 / 299
 6,004,577 29.2% new 97 seats; Minority in opposition Kim Dae-jung Democratic Party (1991)
1996
79 / 299
 4,971,961 25.3% new 79 seats; in Coalition (NCNP-ULD-Democrats) in opposition (1996-1998) Kim Dae-jung National Congress for New Politics
in government (1998-2000)
2000
115 / 299
 6,780,625 35.9% new 115 seats; in Coalition (MDP-ULD-DPP) in government Kim Dae-jung Millennium Democratic Party
2004
152 / 299
 8,145,824 38.3% new 152 seats; Majority in government Chung Dong-young Uri Party
9 / 299
 1,510,178 7.1% 53 seats; Minority in government Choug Soon-hyung Millennium Democratic Party
2008
81 / 299
 4,313,111 25.1% new 81 seats; Minority in opposition Son Hak-gyu United Democratic Party
2012
127 / 300
 7,777,123 36.5% new 127 seats; Minority in opposition Han Myeong-sook Democratic United Party
2016
123 / 300
 6,069,744 25.5% new 123 seats; Plurality in opposition (2016-2017) Kim Chong-in Democratic Party
in government (2017-2020)
38 / 300
 6,355,572 26.7% new 38 seats; Minority in opposition Ahn Cheol-soo People's Party
2020
180 / 300
 14,345,425 (Constituency)
9,307,112 (Party-list PR)		 49.9% (Constituency)
33.4% (Party-list PR)		 52 seats; Majority in government Lee Hae-chan Democratic Party

Local elections
Election Metropolitan mayor/Governor Provincial legislature Municipal mayor Municipal legislature Party Name
1995
4 / 15
353 / 875
84 / 230
 Democratic Party (1991)
1998
6 / 16
271 / 616
84 / 232
 National Congress for New Politics
0 / 16
0 / 616
1 / 232
 New People Party
2002
4 / 16
33 / 682
16 / 227
 Millennium Democratic Party
2006
1 / 16
52 / 733
19 / 230
630 / 2,888
 Uri Party
2 / 16
80 / 733
20 / 230
276 / 2,888
 Democratic Party (2005)
2010
8 / 16
360 / 761
92 / 228
1,025 / 2,888
 Democratic Party (2008)
2014
9 / 17
349 / 789
80 / 226
1,157 / 2,898
 New Politics Alliance for Democracy
2018
14 / 17
647 / 824
151 / 226
1,638 / 2,927
 Democratic Party of Korea
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See also

References
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