Marhaenism

Marhaenism (Indonesian: Marhaenisme) is a socialistic political ideology originating in Indonesia. An adherent of Marhaenism is known as a Marhaenist. It was developed by the first President of Indonesia Sukarno.[1]

Some scholars argue that Marhaenism is a variant of Marxism.[2] It emphasizes national unity, culture, and collectivist economics. It was established as an anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist ideology. It promotes democratic rights in opposition to authoritarianism, while condemning liberalism and individualism. It combines both western and eastern principles.[3] Marhaenism is the guiding ideology of the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism and the now defunct Parti Marhaen Malaysia.

History

The name of the ideology is said to be taken that of a land-poor farmer named Marhaen, whom Sukarno met in Priangan. Sukarno attributed the farmer's poverty to a lack of access to production tools. Sukarno thenceforth took to referring to members of the agrarian class as "Marhaens".[4]

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References

Leifer, Michael (2001). Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415238755.
Lev, Daniel S. (2009). The transition to guided democracy : Indonesian politics, 1957-1959 ([New ed.]. ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-6028397407.
Holt, [edited by] Claire (2007). Culture and politics in Indonesia (1st Equinox ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Pub. ISBN 978-9793780573.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Soekarno (2004). Pokok-pokok ajaran marhaenisme menurut Bung Karno (Cet. 3. ed.). Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo. ISBN 978-9799222923.

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[1] Leifer, Michael (2001). Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415238755.

[2] Lev, Daniel S. (2009). The transition to guided democracy : Indonesian politics, 1957-1959 ([New ed.]. ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-6028397407.

[3] Holt, [edited by] Claire (2007). Culture and politics in Indonesia (1st Equinox ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Pub. ISBN 978-9793780573.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)

[4] Soekarno (2004). Pokok-pokok ajaran marhaenisme menurut Bung Karno (Cet. 3. ed.). Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo. ISBN 978-9799222923.