Atlantic Northeast

The Atlantic Northeast is a region of North America which includes the U.S. states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine, and the Canadian provinces of Québec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador.

Atlantic Northeast Region

The Atlantic Northeast region is noted for its cultural unity, stark climate, landscape of dense forests, and a shared economic history in the exploitation of logging and the regional fishery. It is home to many different types of wildlife, sports teams, and geographical locations. The Atlantic Northeast is home to the Boston Celtics, Boston Bruins, New England Patriots, Halifax Hurricanes, Boston Red Sox and many more. It also includes many notable species including the Bald Eagle, Atlantic Salmon, and the Swamp Pink. Lastly, the Atlantic Northeast includes many geographical places of interest including the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument and Salem, Massachusetts, home of the Salem Witch Trials.

Though cross-border connections are widely acknowledged, the area has rarely been given a single name. "Atlantic Northeast" is a term that has been used most prominently in discussions of regional folk culture, another name that is used is Atlantica." These names are often tied to various proposals for greater economic or political integration of the region.

The "Gray Zone" is an area of land and sea which is claimed by both Canada and the United States. It is located off the coasts of New Brunswick and Maine. The only land within this area are two islands, Machias Seal Island and North Rock. The "Gray Zone" is one of four areas between the two countries whose sovereignty is still in dispute, but is the only one of the disputed areas containing land. In 1979, both countries filed a joint application to the International Court of Justice to avoid having the dispute settled when oceanic boundaries in the area were set for mineral and fishing rights. Canadians have had a continuous presence in the area since 1832 when a lighthouse was built.[1]

Demographics
State White Black Alaska Native Asian Pacific Islander Total Population
Maine 1,288,646 22,100 18,718 18,445 1,008 1,329,328
Connecticut 3,012,178 433,855 37,794 160,290 6,864 3,590,886
Massachusetts 5,634,710 569,701 62,885 401,116 12,369 6,794,422
New Hampshire 1,266,371 23,022 11,014 34,804 1,236 1,330,608
Rhode Island 931,269 90,326 17,476 37,799 2,803 1,056,298
Vermont 608,449 9,525 7,503 10,530 476 626,042

[2]

Religious affiliation Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick
Catholic 47% 37% 54%
Protestant 43% 49% 37%
Christian Orthodox 0.2% 0.4% 0.9%
Christian not included elsewhere 2% 1% 1%
Muslim 0.2% 0.4% 0.2%
Jewish 0.1% 0.2% 0.09%
Buddhist 0.1% 0.2% 0.08%
Hindu .02% 0.1% 0.07%
Sikh 0% 0.03% 0.01%
Eastern religions .08% 0.06% 0.05%
Other Religions .07% 0.1% 0.1%
No religious affiliation 7% 12% 8%

[3]

Population

New England has a population of approximately 14,727,584.[4]

Hartford, Connecticut has a population of approximately 123,243.

Providence, Rhode Island has a population of approximately 180,393.

Boston, Massachusetts has a population of approximately 685,095.

Montpelier, Vermont has a population of approximately 7,592.

Concord, New Hampshire has a population of approximately 42,620.

Augusta, Maine has a population of approximately 18,793.[2][4]

The Canadian Maritimes have a population of approximately 1,854,900.

Nova Scotia has a population of approximately 949,500.

Halifax, Nova Scotia, has a population of approximately 390,095.

New Brunswick has a population of approximately 756,800.

Fredericton, New Brunswick, has a population of approximately 56,224.

Prince Edward Island has a population of approximately 148,600.[3]

Climate

The Atlantic Northeast region has a four-season climate. In the New England region of the United States, summers are hot with an average temperature of 80-85 degrees Fahrenheit in late June through August. In the fall the air is cool with temperatures from 45-50 degrees Fahrenheit and in the spring, it tends to be rainy with temperatures from 40-60 degrees Fahrenheit. In the winter there tends to be a lot of snowfall averaging around 35 inches per year. The typical temperature in this area during the winter is around 25 degrees Fahrenheit.[5] The Canadian Maritimes have seasons very similar to the New England areas. New Brunswick has cold winters ranging from approximately 19-31 degrees Fahrenheit and hot summers with temperatures from 72-77 degrees Fahrenheit. Prince Edward Island has a climate similar to New Brunswick with temperatures ranging from 46-71 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer and 11-26 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter.[6] In the summer in Nova Scotia temperatures will reach around 75 degrees Fahrenheit and in the winter temperatures will drop as low as 24 degrees Fahrenheit.[7]

Sports
New England Patriots New England Revolution Boston Celtics Boston Bruins Boston Red Sox Halifax Hurricanes
Home Stadium Gillette Stadium Gillette Stadium TD Garden TD Garden Fenway Park Scotiabank Centre
Home Location Foxboro, Massachusetts Foxboro, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Halifax, Nova Scotia
Championships won 6 1 17 6 9 1
Sports League National Football League Major League Soccer National Basketball Association National Hockey League Major League Baseball National Basketball League
Year Established 1960 1995 1946 1924 1901 2007

[8][9]

Geography

Major geographical features of the Atlantic Northeast include the Appalachian Mountains, the Green Mountains, the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound, the Gulf of Maine, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the Bay of Fundy, the Merrimack River, the Boston Harbor, the Taunton River, the Blackstone River, the Connecticut River, the Housatonic River, and the Hoosic River.[10]

Places of interest
The Maritimes in the Atlantic Northeast

Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is located 150 miles (240 km) off the shore of Cape Cod. The national monument comprises 4,900 square miles (13,000 km2) of underwater canyons carved into the continental shelf, and has an underwater mountain rising 7,000 feet (2,100 m) above the ocean floor. This monument is home to many marine species, fish, whales, and dolphins. The monument was formed by a declaration by President Barack Obama.[11]

Salem, Massachusetts, is a famous location in New England known primarily for the Salem witch trials. It was also one of Massachusetts wealthiest ports for trading in the late 18th century[10]

Acadia National Park is on Mount Desert Island in Maine, with 47,000 acres (19,000 ha) of woodlands, rocky shoreline, trails, camping, and wildlife. The park is home to Cadillac Mountain, the highest mountain on the east coast of the United States.[12]

Education in Maritime

The Maritime Province Higher Education Committee is responsible for administering assisting post-secondary education systems within the Canadian part of the region. They also help with institution and government programs to educate people with a better learning environment. Nova Scotia - Nova scotia community college, Mckenzie college, Kingston Bible college, Gaelic college, and Canadian coast guard college. New Brunswick - New Brunswick community college, New Brunswick bible institute, Maritime college of forest technology, and Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick. Prince Edward island - Maritime Christian College, Collège Acadie, Holland College.[13]

History

According to archeologists, humans first settled in the Atlantic Northeast during the last ice age roughly 11,000 years ago.[14] The pro-dominate tribes in the Atlantic Northeast 11,000 years ago where the Wabanakis, Penobscots, and Mi'kmaqs.[14] These tribes mainly inhabited the soon to be Maritimes Provinces like Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Before 1620 the conflicts between Native American tribes and English settlers started due to the alienation of tribes, they also kidnapped members of the tribes through violence.[14] The violence among the Natives, French, and English confused the Native American tribes because they also traded with proper settlers but this left the tribes resentful of the European nations. With the presence of the French and English in the Atlantic Northeast attracted the Dutch to begin trading on the hudson river with different tribes. The new presence of these traders also brought unwanted microbes, viruses, and bacteria that took heavy toll on the Native American population.[14] When smallpox swept the New England area in 1610 the Native American population hit an all-time low since they were trying to fight off a virus that was not indigenous to the area. Eventually the population recovered but not completely, after the outbreak settlers became highly interested in their beaver pelts which the Natives would trade for glass, metal, and weapons.[14]

During the period of the expulsion of the Acadians, thousands were deported from the present-day Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, as well as from northern Maine — parts of an area known as Acadia — into the Thirteen Colonies, from 1755 until 1758. Large parts of Nova Scotia were subsequently resettled by new arrivals from New England before 1775.[15] At the end of the American Revolution, nearly 75,000 Loyalists resettled in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Québec. Close to 3,500 free African Americans went to Nova Scotia. Before 1860, about 30,000–40,000 black people entered Canada, many of them joined the previous group in Nova Scotia, either free or as escaped slaves through the Underground Railroad.[16] From the mid-19th century until the Great Depression in the 1930s, nearly 900,000 French Canadians emigrated from Québec to the U.S. Two-thirds went into New England mill towns.[17]

Historical Landmarks

Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site commemorates Alexander Graham Bell, a remarkable inventor who created Canada's first engine powered airplane, the world's fastest boat, and the world's first telephone, along with many other fantastic achievements.[18]

The Freedom Trail

Halifax Citadel National Historic Site is the site of Fort George in the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Visitors can take tours of the fort, learning about its soldiers, its legends and ghost stories, and even become a soldier for the day.[19]

The Freedom Trail is a two and a half mile walking trail through the city of Boston that will take you past sixteen historic sites that led to the American Revolution including the Boston Common, the Park Street Church, the Granary Burying Ground, King's Chapel, the Old Corner Book Store, the Old State House, the site of the Boston Massacre, Faneuil Hall, the Paul Revere House, The Old North Church, the USS Constitution, and the Bunker Hill Monument.[20]

The Salem Witch Museum describes the history of the Salem witch trials of 1692 through life-size figures and narrations.[20]

The First Baptist Church in America was founded in Providence, Rhode Island in 1638 by William Vincent Carpenter and Roger Williams and later rebuilt in 1774. Guided tours are available from Memorial Day through Labor Day on weekdays, and self tours of the landmark are available all year round.[20]

The Lake Champlain Maritime Museum, open from May to October, houses historic schooners, steamboats, wooden boats, shipwrecks, and even a Revolutionary War gunboat replica. Visitors can learn about the history of the lake's role in commerce, communication, transportation, and war, as well as its natural history above and below sea level.[20]

Charlottetown City Hall is the oldest municipal building on Prince Edward Island, built in 1888. Visitors can tour the City Hall to learn about both past and present history of Prince Edward Island and the city of Charlottetown.[21]

Economy

New England economy shows continuous growth in the second quarter of 2016. The unemployment rate is 4.4 percent which is a .6 drop from last years census in 2015. From 2015 to 2016 the job that had the most growth in a year was construction. The manufacturing nationally decreased from two thousand fifteen to two thousand and sixteen but the New England area had a nice increase.[22]

Employment rate - Job growth in the New England states hit a growth rate of two point one percent which is an increase from last year.

Unemployment rate

Rhode Island - 17%

Connecticut - 7.9%

Massachusetts - 15.1%

New Hampshire - 16.7%

Maine - 10.6%

Vermont - 15.6%

Home prices

Home prices have raised nationally and regionally year-over-year house prices have all been positively marked up. However Massachusetts had the best house price gains out of the whole New England area which was a 5.2 percent mark up.[22]

House price index

Massachusetts - five percent increase

New Hampshire - four percent increase

Maine - three percent increase

Vermont - two percent increase [23]

Wildlife

Birds
Piping Plover

In the Atlantic Northeast it is common to see many birds living in the region for example you could see Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Piping plover (Atlantic coast) (Charadrius melodus), Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), Red knot (Calidris canutus rufa), Roseate tern: North American Subspecies (Sterna dougallii dougallii), and shorebirds.[24]

Aquatic life
Atlantic horseshoe crab

The aquatic life in the Atlantic Northeast is quite extensive but the more common animals that are found in the area tend to be American eel (Anguilla rostrata), Appalachian Monkeyface (Pearlymussel) (Quadrula sparsa), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Diamond darter (Crystallaria cincotta), Dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), Kenk's amphipod (Stygobromus kenki), Lee County cave isopod (Lirceus usdagalun), Madison cave isopod (Antrolana lira), Maryland darter (Etheostoma Sellare), Northern red-bellied cooter (Pseudemys rubriventris), Purple bean (Villosa perpurpurea), Roanoke logperch (Percina rex).[25]

Plants
Swamp Pink (Helonias bullata)

The plant life in the Atlantic Northeast is quit unique due to the different climate in that area, but some of the common plant life you will see in the area can be Furbish lousewort (Pedicularis furbishiae), Jesup's milk-vetch (Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii), Northeastern bulrush (Scirpus ancistrochaetus), Peter's mountain mallow (Iliamna corei), Sensitive joint-vetch (Aeschynomene virginica), Shale barren rock-cress (Iliamna corei), Swamp pink (Helonias bullata), Virginia round-leaf birch (Betula uber), Virginia sneezeweed (Helenium virginicum), Virginia spiraea (Spiraea virginiana).

[26]

gollark: Also, it has useful APIs.
gollark: I think I did a particularly good job with the password thing because if you get it wrong it sends an incident report.
gollark: It does have optional fake loading and passwords.
gollark: Something something parallel something something shell.run, done.
gollark: That's trivial and not worthy of being called an OS.

See also

References
  1. "The Border Isn't As Clear As You Think". The Huffington Post. 2012-12-23. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  2. Bureau, US Census. "Census.gov". census.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  3. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2003-01-01). "Statistics by subject". Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  4. "Resident Population in the New England Census Division". 2015-12-23. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. "Facts About New England, USA | Discover New England". www.discovernewengland.org. Archived from the original on 2016-11-15. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  6. Canada, Province of Prince Edward Island. "Government of PEI: What's the weather like?". www.gov.pe.ca. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  7. "Average Temperature in Nova Scotia". Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  8. "Massachusetts Sports Teams | Boston Sports Teams". Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  9. "Home". www.halifaxhurricanes.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-07-19. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  10. "Discover New England". Discover New England.org. Nancy Marshall Communications. Archived from the original on 2016-11-15. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  11. "Letter-writers make history: President Obama declares first Atlantic Ocean National Monument". National Geographic. National Geographic.
  12. "The First Eastern National Park". NPS.gov. American government.
  13. "Education". Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission. Canadian Government.
  14. Hoxie, Fredrick (2016). The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199858897.
  15. John Brebner, The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia: A Marginal Colony During the Revolutionary Years (1937)
  16. Patrick Bode, "Upper Canada, 1793: Simcoe and the Slaves," Beaver 1993 73(3): 17–19; Paul Robert Magocsi, ed. Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples (1999) p 142–3
  17. David Vermette, A Distinct Alien Race: The Untold Story of Franco-Americans: Industrialization, Immigration, Religious Strife (2018)
  18. "Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site". Tourism Nova Scotia. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  19. "Halifax Citadel National Historic Site". Tourism Nova Scotia. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  20. "Colonial New England | Tours of Cities, Parks, Museums, Architecture". www.visitnewengland.com. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  21. "Discover Charlottetown - See map". www.discovercharlottetown.com. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  22. "Q2 2016: Snapshot of the New England". Bostonfed.org. Reserve Bank of Boston. 2016-07-06.
  23. "Q2 2016: Snapshot of the New England". Bostonfed.org. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. 2016-07-06.
  24. "Northeast Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service". Northeast Region. American Government.
  25. "Energy and Environmental affairs". Mass.gov. American Government.
  26. "Energy and Environmental Affairs". Mass.gov. American government.

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