Greater Middle East

The Greater Middle East, also known as MENA (Middle East and North Africa) or MENAP (Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan), is a political term, introduced in the early 2000s, denoting a set of contiguously connected countries stretching from the Maghreb region in the west all the way to Afghanistan in Central Asia and Pakistan in South Asia.[1] Various countries of Central Asia and Transcaucasia are sometimes also grouped together with countries from West Asia, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. According to Andrew Bacevich in his book America's War for the Greater Middle East (2016), the career soldier and Professor Emeritus at Boston University states that this region is the theater for a series of conflicts dating back to 1980, which heralded the start of the Iran–Iraq War. Since then, the U.S. has been involved in balancing conflicts amongst these culturally interconnected nations in order to further its interests in the region. The Greater Middle East is sometimes referred to as the "New Middle East"[2][3] or "The Great Middle East Project".[4][5]

  The narrow definition of the Middle East
  Greater Middle East (An area of common religion currently undergoing major political re-alignment)
  Areas sometimes associated with the Middle East (Common socio-cultural connections)

This term was more clearly defined to denote a specific region in the U.S. administration's preparatory work for the G8 summit of 2004[6] as part of a proposal for sweeping change in the way the West deals with the Middle East.

Former U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski stated that a "political awakening" is taking place in this region which may be an indicator of the multi-polar world that is now developing. He alluded to the Greater Middle East as the "Global Balkans", and as a control lever on an area he refers to as Eurasia.[7]

Countries and territories

Africa

Central Asia

Europe

South Asia

West Asia

Countries that are sometimes included

Africa

Central Asia

West Asia

Europe
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See also

References
  1. Ottaway, Marina & Carothers, Thomas (2004-03-29), The Greater Middle East Initiative: Off to a False Start Archived 8 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Policy Brief, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 29, Pages 1–7
  2. Kamal, Baher (14 December 2015). "Silence, Please! A New Middle East Is in the Making". Inter Press Service. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  3. Yadgar, Yaacov (July 2016). "A Myth of Peace: 'The Vision of the New Middle East' and Its Transformations in the Israeli Political and Public Spheres". Journal of Peace Research. 43 (3): 297–312. doi:10.1177/0022343306063933.
  4. ""Great Middle East Project" Conference by Prof. Dr. Mahir Kaynak and Ast.Prof. Dr. Emin Gürses in SAU". Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  5. "Turkish Emek Political Parties". Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  6. Perthes, V., 2004, America's "Greater Middle East" and Europe: Key Issues for Dialogue Archived 15 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Middle East Policy, Volume XI, No.3, Pages 85–97.
  7. Zbigniew Brzezinski, "The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geo-strategic Imperatives" Cited in (Nazemroaya, 2006).
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