Arctic Alaska

Arctic Alaska or Far North Alaska is a region of the U.S. state of Alaska generally referring to the northern areas on or close to the Arctic Ocean.

Map of the Arctic region, Alaska is in the upper left side, the Arctic Circle is shown in blue.
Sign indicating the point where the Dalton Highway crosses the Arctic Circle

It commonly includes North Slope Borough, Northwest Arctic Borough, Nome Census Area, and is sometimes taken to include parts of the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area. Some notable towns there include Prudhoe Bay, Utqiagvik, Kotzebue, Nome, and Galena.

Most of these communities have no highways and can only be reached by aircraft or snowmobile in good weather. Originally inhabited by various Alaska Native groups living off hunting, whaling, or salmon fishing, modern settlement in Arctic Alaska was driven first by discoveries of gold and later on by the extraction of petroleum.

The ecosystem consists largely of tundra covering mountain ranges and coastal plains which are home to bears, wolves, sheep, muskoxen, caribou, and numerous species of birds, the north coast has been defined as the Arctic coastal tundra ecoregion. Arctic Alaska is also the location of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Kobuk Valley National Park and the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska. The Arctic experiences midnight sun in the summer and polar night in the winter.

Climate

Most of northern Alaska has an Arctic climate with long, extremely cold winters and short, cool summers. The average temperatures during the summer months are only several degrees above freezing and the average temperatures during winter are as low as -20 or -30 degrees Fahrenheit and can even dip to -50 or -60 degrees Fahrenheit.

gollark: When have I explained nothing? I want an annotated 500-word essay with examples.
gollark: Yes, I am in fact Olivia too.
gollark: Perhaps they're semirandom. Perhaps I devise bespoke bluffs by myself and then share them. Perhaps my bluffs are optimized automatically via testing against high-fidelity computer simulations of all other participants. Perhaps I don't make bluffs but merely disseminate cognitohazards causing perception of bluffs. Perhaps my every word and bluff is meticulously generated to produce minimum guessing of me. Perhaps I never bluff and every word I say is accurate.
gollark: I generate my bluffs via RNG now to avoid the terribleness of human random number generation (heavpoot has data on this), unless I don't and am trying to trick you into not making inferences from them.
gollark: Unless I didn't but am *not* trying to fool you all.

See also
  • Arctic Policy of the United States
  • U.S. Arctic Research Commission


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