North Island

The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui,[1] is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is 113,729 square kilometres (43,911 sq mi),[2] making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,760,900 (June 2019).[3]

This article is about the island in New Zealand. For other uses, see North Island (disambiguation).

North Island
Te Ika-a-Māui  (Māori)
North Island
Geography
LocationOceania
Coordinates38°24′S 175°43′E
ArchipelagoNew Zealand
Area113,729 km2 (43,911 sq mi)
Area rank14th
Highest elevation2,797 m (9,177 ft)
Highest pointMount Ruapehu
Administration
New Zealand
ISO 3166-2:NZNZ-N
Regions9
Territorial authorities43
Largest settlementAuckland (pop. 1,467,800)
Demographics
Population3,760,900 (June 2019)
Pop. density33.1/km2 (85.7/sq mi)

Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are Whangārei, Auckland, Hamilton, Tauranga, Rotorua, Gisborne, New Plymouth, Napier, Hastings, Whanganui, Palmerston North, and Wellington, the capital, located at the south-west extremity of the island. About 76% of New Zealand's population lives in the North Island.

Naming and usage

Although the island has been known as the North Island for many years,[4] in 2009 the New Zealand Geographic Board found that, along with the South Island, the North Island had no official name.[5] After a public consultation, the board officially named the island North Island or Te Ika-a-Maui in October 2013.[6]

In prose, the two main islands of New Zealand are called the North Island and the South Island, with the definite article.[7] It is also normal to use the preposition in rather than on, for example "Hamilton is in the North Island", "my mother lives in the North Island".[8] Maps, headings, tables, and adjectival expressions use North Island without "the".

Māori mythology

According to Māori mythology, the North and South Islands of New Zealand arose through the actions of the demigod Māui. Māui and his brothers were fishing from their canoe (the South Island) when he caught a great fish and pulled it from the sea. While he was not looking his brothers fought over the fish and chopped it up. This great fish became the North Island and thus a Māori name for the North Island is Te Ika-a-Māui ("The Fish of Māui").[9] The mountains and valleys are believed to have been formed as a result of Māui's brothers' hacking at the fish. Until the early 20th Century, an alternative Māori name for the North Island was Aotearoa. In present usage, Aotearoa is a collective Māori name for New Zealand as a whole.

Economy

The sub-national GDP of the North Island was estimated at US$102.863 billion in 2003, 79% of New Zealand's national GDP.[10]

Ecology

The North Island is divided into two ecoregions within the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, the northern part being the Northland temperate kauri forest, and the southern part being the North Island temperate forests. The island has an extensive flora and bird population, with numerous National Parks and other protected areas.

Regions
Territorial authorities of the North Island

Nine local government regions cover the North Island and all its adjacent islands and territorial waters.

Cities and towns
Map of the North Island showing some of its cities

The North Island has a larger population than the South Island, with the country's largest city, Auckland, and the capital, Wellington, accounting for nearly half of it.

There are 28 urban areas in the North Island with a population of 10,000 or more:

Name Population
(June 2019)[3]		 % of island
Auckland 1,467,800 39.0%
Wellington 215,400 5.7%
Hamilton 169,300 4.5%
Tauranga 135,000 3.6%
Lower Hutt 104,900 2.8%
Palmerston North 80,300 2.1%
Napier 62,800 1.7%
Porirua 55,500 1.5%
New Plymouth 55,300 1.5%
Rotorua 54,500 1.4%
Whangārei 52,600 1.4%
Hibiscus Coast 52,400 1.4%
Hastings 45,000 1.2%
Upper Hutt 41,000 1.1%
Whanganui 39,400 1.0%
Gisborne 35,500 0.9%
Paraparaumu 28,900 0.8%
Pukekohe 24,300 0.6%
Taupo 23,900 0.6%
Masterton 23,900 0.5%
Cambridge 19,150 0.5%
Levin 17,700 0.5%
Feilding 16,450 0.4%
Whakatāne 15,850 0.4%
Havelock North 13,950 0.4%
Tokoroa 13,650 0.4%
Te Awamutu 12,400 0.3%
Waikanae 12,100 0.3%

Demographics

Culture and identity
Ethnic groups of North Island residents, 2013 census[11]
EthnicityNumber%
European2,122,58769.6
   New Zealand European1,934,03763.4
   English30,3931.0
   British27,0240.9
   South African24,9210.8
   Dutch21,5490.7
   European (not further defined)20,9550.7
   Australian16,4310.5
Māori514,80916.9
Asian418,28713.7
   Chinese145,0894.8
   Indian134,5594.4
   Filipino32,7961.1
   Korean25,8420.8
Pacific peoples274,8069.0
   Samoan133,9684.4
   Cook Islands Maori56,9101.9
   Tongan56,6851.9
   Niuean22,8780.7
Middle Eastern/Latin American/African39,5101.3
Other47,3941.6
   New Zealander45,9061.5
Total people stated3,050,874100.0
Not elsewhere included186,1745.8

Healthcare
See also: Health care in New Zealand

Healthcare in the North Island is provided by fifteen District Health Boards (DHBs). Organised around geographical areas of varying population sizes, they are not coterminous with the Local Government Regions.

District Health BoardDistrictPopulation
Northland District Health Board (Te Poari Hauora a Rohe o te Tai Tokerau) Whangarei District, Far North District, Kaipara District 159,160
Waitemata District Health Board (Te Wai Awhina) Auckland Region 525,000
Auckland District Health Board (Te Toka Tumai) Auckland Region 468,000
Counties Manukau District Health Board (A Community Partnership) Auckland Region 490,610
Waikato District Health Board (Waikato DHB) Hamilton City, Hauraki District, Matamata-Piako District, Otorohanga District, part of Ruapehu District, South Waikato, Thames-Coromandel District, Waikato District, Waipa District, Waitomo District 372,865
Bay of Plenty District Health Board (Hauora a Toi) Tauranga City, Western Bay of Plenty District, Whakatāne District, Kawerau District, Opotiki District 214,170
Lakes District Health Board (Lakes DHB) Rotorua Lakes, Taupo District 102,000
Tairawhiti District Health Board (Te Mana Hauora o te Tairawhiti) Gisborne District 44,499
Hawke's Bay District Health Board (Whakawateatia) Napier City, Hastings District, Wairoa District, Central Hawke's Bay District, Chatham Islands 155,000
Taranaki District Health Board (Taranaki DHB) New Plymouth District, Stratford District, South Taranaki District 104,280
Whanganui District Health Board (Whanganui DHB) Wanganui District, Rangitikei District, part of Ruapehu District 62,210
Mid Central District Health Board (Te Pae Hauora o Ruahine o Tararua) Palmerston North City, Horowhenua District, Manawatu District, Tararua District, part of Kapiti Coast District 158,838
Wairarapa District Health Board (Te Poari Hauora a Rohe o Wairarapa) South Wairarapa District, Carterton District, Masterton District 38,200
Hutt Valley District Health Board (Healthy People) Lower Hutt City, Upper Hutt City 145,000
Capital and Coast District Health Board (Upoko ki te Uru Hauora) Wellington City, Porirua City, part of Kapiti Coast District 270,000

Major geographic features
The North Island, in relation to the South Island

Bays and coastal features

Lakes and rivers

Capes and peninsulas

Forests and national parks
Egmont National Park
Tongariro National Park

Volcanology

Other
gollark: Wait, you could actually play Factorio and experience the difficulty in centrally coordinating production of everything with just 200ish items and machines which are deterministic and always do the same thing vs the several million (in different locations) items modern society will need to produce and... well, economies of scale, and nondeterminism, and local variation, and whatnot.
gollark: Why not play Central Planning Simulator 2020?
gollark: (I did some hackery with the PWA manifest)
gollark: (also, you should actually be able to add osmarks.tk to your home screen on some browsers now)
gollark: https://osmarks.tk/otherstuff/

See also

References
  1. Reporter, Staff (10 October 2013). "Two official options for NZ island names". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  2. "Quick Facts – Land and Environment : Geography – Physical Features". Statistics New Zealand. 2000. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  3. "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2019". Statistics New Zealand. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  4. On some 19th-century maps, the North Island is named New Ulster, which was also a province of New Zealand that included the North Island.
  5. "The New Zealand Geographic Board Considers North and South Island Names". Land Information New Zealand. 21 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  6. "Two official options for NZ island names". The New Zealand Herald. 10 October 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  7. Williamson, Maurice (11 October 2013). "Names of NZ's two main islands formalised". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  8. Guardian and Observer style guide: N ("New Zealand"), The Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2019
  9. "1000 Māori place names". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 6 August 2019.
  10. "Regional Gross Domestic Product". Statistics New Zealand. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  11. "Ethnic group (total responses), for the census usually resident population count, 2001, 2006, and 2013 Censuses (RC, TA, AU)". Statistics New Zealand.

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