List of wars involving France

This is a list of wars involving the French Republic and its predecessor states. It is an incomplete list of French and proto-French wars and battles from the foundation of Francia by Clovis I, the Merovingian king who united all the Frankish tribes and northern Gallo-Romans in the 5th century, to the current Fifth Republic.

Frankish Kingdom and Carolingian Empire

High and Late Middle Ages

Ancien Régime

Revolutionary France

Napoleonic France

French colonial empire

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
French conquest of Senegal
(1659–1895)

Location: Senegal

 France Waalo Kingdom
Kingdom of Cayor
Jolof Empire
Baol
Kingdom of Sine
Saloum
French victory
  • France conquers territory of present-day Senegal
Siamese revolution of 1688
(1688)

Location: Siam

Prasat Thong dynasty
 France
Phetracha and various Siamese lords
Supported by:
Dutch East India Company
French defeat
King William's War
(1688–1697)

Location: North America

 France
 New France
 Wabanaki Confederacy
 England
Massachusetts Bay Colony
English America
Haudenosaunee
Status quo ante bellum
  • Treaty of Ryswick
French and Iroquois Wars
(17th century)

Location: Great Lakes region

Huron, Erie, Neutral, Odawa, Ojibwe, Mississaugas, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Shawnee, Wenro, Mahican, Innu, Abenaki, Miami, Illinois Confederation, other nations allied with France
Supported by:
 France
Haudenosaunee
Supported by:
 England
 Dutch Republic
Military stalemate
  • Great Peace of Montreal
  • Growth of French token influence in the Great Lakes region
  • Huron-Wendat Confederacy destroyed or assimilated
  • Military refugee migration results in expansion of Iroquois hunting grounds down to Mississippi River
  • Further Iroquois territorial expansion halted in military campaigns by the Council of Three Fires
Queen Anne's War
(1702–1713)

Location: North America

 France

Spain

Wabanaki Confederacy
Caughnawaga Mohawk
Choctaw
Timucua
Apalachee
Natchez

 England (before 1707)

 Great Britain (after 1707)

Muscogee (Creek)
Chickasaw
Yamasee

French defeat
Chickasaw Wars
(1721–1763)

Location: Mississippi River

 France
Choctaw
Illini
 Great Britain
Chickasaw
Chickasaw victory
Carnatic Wars
(1744–1763)

Location: Carnatic region, South India

Kingdom of France Kingdom of Great Britain
  • British East India Company
French defeat
King George's War
(1744–1748)

Location: North America

 France

Wabanaki Confederacy

 Great Britain

Iroquois Confederacy

Status quo ante bellum
Father Le Loutre's War
(1749–1755)

Location: Acadia and Nova Scotia

 France

Wabanaki Confederacy

 Great Britain French defeat
Seven Years' War
(1756–1763)
 France

Wabanaki Confederacy

  • Abenaki
  • Mi'kmaq militia

Algonquin
Lenape
Ojibwa
Ottawa
Shawnee
Wyandot

 Great Britain

Iroquois Confederacy
Catawba
Cherokee (before 1758)

French defeat
Larache expedition
(1765)

Location: Larache, Morocco

 France Morocco French defeat
Haitian Revolution
(1791–1804)

Location: Saint-Domingue

Collage of the Haitian Revolution
Slave owners
Kingdom of France
French Republic
Ex-slaves
French royalists
Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1793–1795)
 Great Britain
Ex-slaves (1802–1803)
Haitian victory
Siege of Santo Domingo
(1805)

Location: Santo Domingo, Saint-Domingue
present day Dominican Republic

France Haiti French victory
Franco-Trarzan War of 1825
(1825)

Location: Waalo, West Africa

France Trarza French victory
French conquest of Algeria
(1827–1830–1857)

Location: Regency of Algiers

 France  Ottoman Empire
  • Regency of Algiers

Emirate of Abdelkader
Kingdom of Ait Abbas
Kel Ahaggar
Sultanate of Morocco

French victory
First Franco-Mexican War
(1838–1839)

Location: Mexico

 France Mexico French victory
  • Mexican government agrees to pay damages of 600,000 pesos
First Franco-Moroccan War
(1844)

Location: Morocco

 France Morocco
Algerian volunteers
French victory
Franco-Tahitian War
(1844–1847)

Location: Tahiti

France Tahiti
Huahine
Raiatea
Bora Bora and Tahaa
French victory
Bombardment of Tourane
(1847)

Location: Off Tourane (Da Nang), South Central Coast of Vietnam

 France Nguyễn dynasty French victory
Taiping Rebellion
(1850–1871)

Location: China

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Qing victory
Bombardment of Salé
(1851)

Location: Morocco

 France Sherifian Empire French military victory
French political failure
  • Morocco agreed to pay 100,000 francs to the French on 29 November 1851 to avoid further conflict.[1]
  • France had desired a revolt against the governor of Salé to force repayment and avoid destruction of the city, but this did not occur.[2]
Siege of Medina Fort
(1857)

Location: Médine, Mali

France Toucouleur Empire French victory
Cochinchina Campaign
(1858–1862)

Location: Vietnam

Second French Empire
Spain
Nguyễn Dynasty Franco-Spanish victory
Second Franco-Mexican War
(1862–1867)

Location: Mexico

France
Mexican Empire
United Mexican States
 United States (from 1865)[3]
French Defeat
Shimonoseki Campaign
(1863–1864)

Location: Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan

 British Empire
French Empire
 Netherlands
 United States
Chōshū Domain Allied victory
French campaign against Korea
(1866)

Location: Korea

France Korea French defeat
  • French withdrawal, Korea reaffirms its isolationism
French conquest of Tunisia
(1881)

Location: Tunisia

France Beylik of Tunis French victory
  • Tunisia becomes a French protectorate
Mandingo Wars
(1883–1898)

Location: West Africa

France Wassoulou Empire French victory
First Madagascar expedition
(1883–1885)

Location: Madagascar

France Merina Kingdom French victory
Sino-French War
(1884–1885)

Location: Southeast mainland China, Taiwan, northern Vietnam

France China
Black Flag Army
Nguyễn dynasty
Both sides declared victory
Tonkin Campaign
(1883–1886)

Location: Northern Vietnam

France Qing dynasty
Black Flag Army
Nguyễn dynasty
French victory
First Franco-Dahomean War
(1890)

Location: Ouémé Department of modern Benin

France Dahomey French victory
  • Dahomey recognizes Porto-Novo as a French protectorate and gives up customs rights to Cotonou in exchange for yearly payment
Second Franco-Dahomean War
(1892–1894)

Location: Ouémé Department and Zou Department of modern Benin

France Dahomey French victory
  • Dahomey conquered and incorporated as a French protectorate
Franco-Siamese War
(1893)

Location: French Indochina, Siam

French Republic Siam French victory
Second Madagascar expedition
(1894–1895)

Location: Madagascar

France Merina Kingdom French victory
1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar
(1904–1905)

Location: Madagascar

France Rebels French victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Ouaddai War
(1909–1911)

Location: Ouaddai Empire

France Ouaddai Empire French victory
  • Annexation of Ouaddai Empire
French conquest of Morocco
(1911–1934)

Location: North Africa

France
  • Morocco
Zaian Confederation
Varying other Berber tribes
French victory
Zaian War
(1914–1921)

Location: French protectorate of Morocco

France
  • Morocco
Zaian Confederation
Varying other Berber tribes
Supported during the First World War by the Central Powers
French victory
First World War
(1914–1918)

Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of North and South America

Allied Powers

 France
 British Empire

 Russia
 United States
 Italy
 Japan
 China
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Romania
 Belgium
 Greece
 Portugal
 Brazil

Central Powers

 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria

Allied victory
Volta-Bani War
(1915–1917)

Location: Burkino Faso, Mali

France Marka, Bwa, Lela, Nuni, and Bobo people French victory
Kaocen revolt
(1916–1917)

Location: Northern Niger

France Tuareg guerrillas French victory
Thái Nguyên uprising
(1917–1918)

Location: Northern Vietnam

France Vietnamese rebels French victory
  • Uprising suppressed.
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
(1918–1920)

Location: Russia, Mongolia, and Iran

White Movement
 British Empire

 United States
France
 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 Estonia
 Serbia
 Italy
 Poland
 Romania
 China

 Russian SFSR
 Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian Communists

Allied withdrawal
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army
Franco-Syrian War
(1920)

Location: Syria

France Arab Kingdom of Syria
  • Arab militias
French victory
Rif War
(1920–1927)

Location: Morocco

Spain
 France (1925–1926)
Jebala tribes
Republic of the Rif
Jebala tribes
Franco-Spanish victory
Great Syrian Revolt
(1925–1927)

Location: French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

Damascus in flames as the result of the French air raid on October 18, 1925.
France Syrian rebels French victory
Kongo-Wara rebellion
(1928–1931)

Location: French Equatorial Africa, French Cameroon

France

Fula people


Co-belligerents:
Gbaya chiefdoms

Gbaya people and clans

Co-belligerents:
Mbum people
Mbai people
Pana people
Yangere people
Mbimou people
Goundi people

French victory
Yên Bái mutiny
(1930)

Location: Vietnam

France Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng French victory
  • Uprising crushed
    VNQDĐ severely damaged by deaths and arrests, jailings and executions by French authorities[4]
Second World War
(1939–1945)

Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, Oceania, North and South America

Allied Powers

 United States
 Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
 China
France
Poland
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
 Brazil
 Mexico

Axis Powers

 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Slovakia
 Finland
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang

Allied victory
Franco-Thai War
(1940–1941)

Location: French Indochina

 France Thailand Indecisive
  • Japanese-mediated ceasefire
  • On Japanese decision, disputed territories in French Indochina ceded by France to Thailand
War in Vietnam
(1945–1946)

Location: Vietnam

France
 British Empire
Japan Allied captured soldiers.
Việt Minh Operational success
First Indochina War
(1946–1954)

Location: French Indochina

France

Cambodia
(1953–1954)
 Laos
(1953–1954)
State of Vietnam (1949–1954)


Supported by:
 United States(1950–1954)

Viet Minh

Lao Issara (1945–1949)

Khmer Issarak

Japanese volunteers


Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 China (1949–1954)
 East Germany
Poland[5]

French defeat
  • Vietnam is partitioned between North (controlled by the Viet Minh) and South (controlled by the State of Vietnam)
  • Geneva Conference
  • Departure of the French from Indochina
  • State of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia achieve independence
Malagasy Uprising
(1947–1948)

Location: Madagascar

 France MDRM French victory
  • Uprising Crushed by French, various participants tried and executed
  • Scars on Malagasy society
Korean War
(1950–1953)

Location: Korea

 South Korea
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Belgium
 Canada
 France
 Philippines
 Colombia
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 South Africa
 Thailand
 Turkey
 North Korea
 China
 Soviet Union
Ceasefire
  • Ceasefire armistice
  • North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
  • UN invasion of North Korea repelled
  • Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled
  • Korean Demilitarized Zone established
  • Little territorial change at the 38th parallel border
Algerian War
(1954–1962)

Location: Algeria

 France
 NATO
FLN Military stalemate
Ifni War
(1957–1958)

Location: Spanish Sahara, Ifni, Morocco

 Spain
France
Moroccan Army of Liberation Franco-Spanish victory
Bizerte crisis
(1961)

Location: Bizerte, Tunisia

 France Tunisia French victory

Modern period

French wars since 1958

Excluding colonial wars (the last being the Algerian War of 1954–1962), which are listed in the above section.

21st century

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Basque conflict
(1959–2011)

Location: Basque country

 Spain

 France

Neo-fascist paramilitaries:

Basque National Liberation Movement:

Victory
Corsican conflict
(1976–2011)

Location: Corsica

 France Corsican nationalist paramilitaries Victory
War in Afghanistan
(2001–2014)

Location: Afghanistan

ISAF Taliban
al-Qaeda
Victory
First Ivorian Civil War
(2002–2007)

Location: Ivory Coast

A Forces nouvelles's member caught by the French Foreign Legion in 2004 after a plundering.
 Ivory Coast
Young Patriots of Abidjan militia
Liberian mercenaries
Supported by:
 Russia
 Bulgaria
 Belarus

 France
UNOIC

Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire Victory
Insurgency in the Maghreb
(2002–present)

Location: Maghreb, Sahara desert, Sahel

 Algeria
 Mauritania
 Tunisia
 Libya
 Mali
 Niger
 Chad
 France
al-Qaeda Ongoing
Haitian coup d'état
(2004)

Location: Haiti

National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti

MINUSTAH
 United States
 Chile
 Canada
 France

 Republic of Haiti Victory
Chadian Civil War
(2005–2010)

Location: Chad

 Chad
 France
NMRD
JEM
Rebels
Janjaweed
Alleged support:
 Sudan (until 2010)
Victory
War in Somalia
(2009–present)

Location: Somalia

 Somalia
 United States
 European Union
Al-Qaeda Ongoing
Boko Haram insurgency
(2009–present)

Location: Northeast Nigeria

 Nigeria
 Cameroon
 Chad
 Niger
Supported by:
 Benin
 Canada
 China
 France
 Iran
 Israel
 Italy
 Spain
 United Kingdom
 United States
Boko Haram Ongoing
Second Ivorian Civil War
(2010–2011)

Location: Ivory Coast

New Forces
Liberian mercenaries
RDR
UNOCI
 France
Military of Ivory Coast
Liberian mercenaries
Young Patriots of Abidjan
Ivorian Popular Front
Victory
Libyan Civil War
(2011)

Location: Libya

Part of a group of six, Italian-built, Palmaria self-propelled howitzers of the Gaddafi regime's forces, destroyed by French Rafale airplanes at the west-southern outskirts of Benghazi, Libya, in Opération Harmattan on March 19, 2011.
 NATO  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Victory
Northern Mali Conflict
(2012–present)

Location: Northern Mali

  • Opération Serval
Government of Mali
  • Military of Mali

 France
ECOWAS

National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
(MNLA)
  • Islamic Movement of Azawad
Ongoing
Central African Republic Civil War
(2012–present)

Location: Central African Republic

French soldiers as part of Operation Sangaris, authorized in late 2013.
  • Opération Sangaris
 Central African Republic
MINUSCA (since 2014)
MISCA (2013–2014)
MICOPAX (2013)

 France (2013–16)
 South Africa (2012–13)
EUFOR RCA (2014–15)

FPRC
UPC
MPC
Ongoing
Iraqi Civil War
(2014–2017)

Location: Iraq

 Iraq
CJTF–OIR
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Ongoing
Opération Chammal
(2014–present)

Location: Iraq, Syria, Libya

French Dassault Rafale of Squadron 11F prepares to land on USS Carl Vinson. Carl Vinson is deployed as part of maritime security operations and strike operations in Iraq and Syria.
 France Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Syria
Ongoing
  • French airstrikes on ISIL in Iraq and Syria
  • ISIL ground attacks on French special forces repelled


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See also

Notes

  1. The Anti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (GAL) was supported by some officials of the Spanish government, most notably José Barrionuevo.

References

  1. Brown 1976, p. 239.
  2. Brown 1976, p. 240.
  3. Robert Ryal Miller (1961). "The American Legion of Honor in Mexico". Pacific Historical Review. Berkeley, California, United States: University of California Press. 30 (3). ISSN 0030-8684. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  4. Rettig, pp. 316–317.
  5. Radvanyi, Janos (1980). "Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official" (PDF). Paramaters: Journal of the US Army War College. Carlise Barracks, Pennsylvania. 10 (3): 8–15.
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