List of wars involving Poland
This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces fought or took place on Polish territory from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the ongoing military operations.
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| Polish Armed Forces |
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| Branches |
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| History |
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Timeline Wars |
| Personnel |
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Senior officers Rank insignia Awards Oaths |
| Equipment |
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Land Forces Navy |
This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
- Polish victory
- Polish defeat
- Another result (e.g., a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
Piast Poland
During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands acquired in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.
| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 963 | Otto I's raid on Poland |  |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Polish defeat |
964–972
|
Fights of Mieszko I in Western Pomerania
|
|
VeletiWolinians |
Polish victory |
| 979 | Otto II's raid on Poland | |
|
Polish victory |
| 981 | Polish raid on Pomerelia | |
Pomerelia | Polish victory |
| 981 | Rus raid on Cherven Cities | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
| 985 | Polish-Saxon invasion of Veleti | |
Veleti | Polish and Saxon victory |
| 988–990 | Polish-Bohemian War | |
 |
Polish victory |
| 992 | Polish-German invasion of Veleti | |
Veleti | Polish and German victory |
| 995 | Polish-German invasion of Obotrites | |
Obotrites | Polish and German victory |
1002–1018
|
Wars against Holy Roman Empire
|
|
|
Peace of Bautzen |
1015–1019
|
Boleslaw I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis | .svg.png){kind=small} |
Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
| 1022 | Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1028–1031
|
Polish-German War
|
|
|
Victory for Bezprym |
| 1031–1032 | Pagan reaction in Poland | |
Pagans and magnates | Defeat of Bezprym |
1038–1047
|
Pagan reaction and popular uprising
|
|
MiecławPagans and magnats | Casimir I the Restorer's victory |
| 1038–1039 | Bretislaus I's raid on Poland | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1042 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Lesser Poland | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1047 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1050 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1051 | Polish-German invasion of Hungary | |
|
Polish-German victory |
| 1060 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia
|
|
|
Polish defeat |
| 1060 | Fights for the Hungarian throne
|
|
|
Béla I's victory |
| 1063 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Pomerelia | |
Pomerelia | Polish victory |
| 1064 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | |
Pomeranians | Polish victory |
| 1069 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
| 1072 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1074 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
| 1074 | Civil war between Solomon king and his cousins Géza and Ladislaus | Géza's army |
.svg.png){kind=small} Duchy of Bohemia |
Victory |
| 1076 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Hungary | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
| 1077–1079 | Internal conflicts | |
Rebels and magnats | Bolesław II the Generous's defeat |
1090–1092
|
Four raids on Western Pomerania
|
|
Western Pomerania | Polish defeat |
| 1092 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1093–1100
|
Władysław Herman and Sieciech's fight against Zbigniew and Bolesław
|
|
|
Władysław and Sieciech's defeat |
| 1099 | Władysław I Herman'a raid on Halych | |
 |
Indecisive |
| 1100 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | |
Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
| 1101 | Cuman raid on Poland | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1103–1123
|
Fourteen Bolesław Wrymouth's raids on Pomerania
|
 |
Pomeranians | Polish victory |
| 1103–1108 | Internal conflicts | |
|
Bolesław III Wrymouth's victory |
| 1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | |
Old Prussians | Polish victory |
| 1108–1109 | Three Pomeranians raids on Poland | |
Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
| 1108 | Moravians raid on Silesia
|
|
|
Polish victory |
| 1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Bohemia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1109 | Polish-German War
|
|
|
Polish victory |
1109–1114
|
Three Bolesław III Wrymouth's raids on Bohemia
|
|
|
Polish victory |
| 1110 | Zbigniew's and Bohemians raid on Silesia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1110–1111 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | |
Old Prussians | Polish victory |
| 1117 | Skarbimir's rebellion | |
 |
Polish victory |
1121–1124
|
Fights in Rus'
|
|
|
Polish victory |
| 1120 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | |
Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
| 1120 | Polish raid into Pomerania | |
Western Pomerania | Control over Pomerania is reasserted |
| 1126 | Hungarian raid on Poland | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1127 | Polish raid on Hungary | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1131–1134 | Six Bohemian raids on Silesia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1132 | Bolesław III Wrymouth' raid on Hungary
|
|
|
Polish defeat |
| 1135 | Fights in Rus' | |
|
Polish victory |
1144–1320
|
Battles during feudal fragmentation
|
|
|
The weakening and internal breakdown of the country |
| 1139–1142 | Fights between Duchy of Masovia and Rus' |  |
Kievan Rus' | Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
| 1144–1146 | Two Polish-Ruthenian raids on Halych | |
|
Ruthenian and Polish victory |
| 1146 | Polish-German War |  |
|
Mieszko III the Old's victory |
| 1147 | Albert the Bear and Mieszko III the Old's crusade for Polabian Slavs | |
Polabian SlavsVeleti | The victory crusade |
| 1147 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | |
Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's victory |
| 1154–1155 | Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine | |
 |
Henry of Sandomir's victory |
| 1157 | Polish-German War | |
|
Peace of Krzyszkowo |
| 1166 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | |
Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
| 1180 | Duke Wasylek's fight for Brześć | Principality of Drohiczyn |
Kievan Rus' | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1182–1183
|
Casimir II the Just's fight for Brześć
|
|
Kievan Rus' | Casimir II the Just's victory |
| 1184 | Frederick I Barbarossa's raid on Poland | |
|
Indecisive |
| 1187 | Ruthenian raid on Lesser Poland | |
|
Casimir II the Just's defeat |
| 1189 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Halych | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Casimir II the Just's victory |
| 1194 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Yotvingians
|
|
Yotvingians | Casimir II the Just's victory |
| 1199 | Leszek I the White's raid on Halych | |
|
Leszek I the White's victory |
| 1205 | Roman the Great's raid on Poland | |
 |
Leszek I the White's victory |
| 1207 | Leszek I the White's raid on Rus' | |
|
Leszek I the White's victory |
1209–1211
|
First War For Lebus
|
 |
|
Henry I the Bearded and Władysław III Spindleshanks's victory |
| 1212 | Polish raid into Pomerania | |
 |
Polish victory
|
| 1214 | Leszek I the White's raid on Volodymyr-Volynskyi | |
|
Leszek I the White's victory |
| 1215 | Hungarian raid on Poland | |
|
Casimir II the Just's defeat |
| 1218–1221 | Polish-Hungarian-Ruthenian War | |
|
Leszek I the White's defeat |
1219–1222
|
Three Old Prussians raids on Lesser Poland
|
|
Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
| 1222–1223 | Two Polish raids on Old Prussians | |
Old Prussians | Polish Victory |
| 1225 | Prussian raid on Lesser Poland | |
Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
| 1225–1230 | Second War For Lebus | |
 |
Henry I the Bearded's victory |
| 1234 | Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians
|
 |
Old Prussians | Polish-Teutonic victory |
1236–1237
|
Wars between Konrad I of Masovia and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
|
|
|
Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1238–1240
|
Third War For Lebus
|
|
 |
Henry I the Bearded's victory |
| 1241 | First Mongol invasion of Poland
|
 |
Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
| 1247–1252 | Przemysł I's fight against Brandenburg | |
|
Przemysł I's victory |
| 1248–1455 | Three raids on Yotvingians | |
Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
| 1259 | Second Mongol invasion of Poland | |
Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
| 1260 | Bohemian-Hungarian War |   |
|
Bohemian victory |
| 1262 | Lithuanian raid on Lesser Poland
|
|
 |
Siemowit I of Masovia's defeat |
| 1264 | Fights against Yotvingians | |
Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1265–1278
|
Fights against Brandenburg
|
|
|
Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
| 1278 | Fights for Bohemian throne | |
 |
Przemysł II's defeat |
| 1280 | War between Leszek II the Black and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
|
|
|
Leszek II the Black's victory |
1282–1283
|
Three Lithuanian-Yotvingian raids on Poland
|
|
Yotvingians |
Leszek II the Black's victory |
1287–1288
|
Third Mongol invasion of Poland
|
|
Mongol Empire | Polish victory
|
1291–1306
|
Six Vytenis's raids on Lesser Poland
|
|
|
Polish defeat |
| 1296 | Brandenburgian raid on Rogoźno | |
|
Przemysł II's defeat |
| 1308 | Brandenburgian raid on Gdańsk | |
|
Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
| 1308 | Capture of Gdańsk by the Teutonic Knights | |
|
Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
| 1309 | Capture of Świecie by the Teutonic Knights | |
|
Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
| 1311–1312 | Rebellion of mayor Albert | |
AlbertBurghers of Kraków | Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
| 1316 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights in Greater Poland | |
|
Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
| 1323 | Polish-Hungarian raid on Ruthenia | .svg.png){kind=small} |
|
Polish-Hungarian victory |
| 1323 | Władysław I the Elbow-high raid on Płock | |
 |
Polish victory |
| 1326–1329 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights | |
|
Polish victory |
1326–1332
|
Polish–Teutonic War
|
|
 |
Indecisive |
| 1332 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Głogów | |
 |
Polish victory |
1340–1392
|
Galicia–Volhynia Wars
|
|
 |
Polish victory |
| 1343 | Fights for Wschowa
|
|
|
Polish victory |
1345–1348
|
Polish-Czech War
|
|
|
Treaty of Namslau |
| 1352–1358 | Maćko Borkowic's confederation | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1355 | Teutonic raid on Masovia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1359 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | |
 |
Polish defeat |
| 1368 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1370 | Branderburgian raid on Santok and Drezdenko | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1370 | Fights for Płock | |
|
Polish defeat |
1375–1376
|
Fights against Władysław the White
|
|
 |
Polish victory |
| 1382–1385 | Greater Poland Civil War |  |
 |
Victory of the Nałęcz clan |
| 1381–1385 | Siemowit IV's fight for Polish throne | |
|
Polish victory |
Jagiellon Poland
For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.
| Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1387 | Jadwiga of Poland's raid on Red Ruthenia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1387 | Polish conquest of Moldavia | |
|
Polish victory
|
| 1390–1392 | Lithuanian Civil War | |
|
Jogaila's victory |
| 1391 | Fights against Konrad II the Gray for Wschowa | |
Duchy of Oels | Polish victory |
| 1391–1401 | War against Władysław Opolczyk | |
 |
Polish victory |
| 1399 | Fights against Golden Horde | |
 |
Polish and Lithuanian defeat |
1409–1411
|
Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War[2] | |
|
First Peace of Thorn |
| 1414 | Hunger War
|
|
|
Council of Constance |
| 1415–1419 | Hungarian–Osman War |  |
 |
Hungarian/Polish victory |
| 1422 | Gollub War | |
|
Treaty of Melno |
| 1431 | Moldavian raid on Podolia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1431–1435 | Lithuanian Civil War (1431–35) |  |
|
Polish victory |
1431–1435/39
|
Polish–Teutonic War
|
|
|
Peace of Brześć Kujawski |
| 1435 | Odrowąż intervention in Moldavia | |
|
Iliaș victory |
| 1438 | Polish-Bohemian fights for Silesia
|
|
|
Polish and Lithuanian defeat |
| 1438 | Tatar raid on Podolia | |
 |
Polish defeat |
| 1439 | Spytek of Melsztyn's confederation | |
 |
Crushing of the confederation |
| 1440–1444 | Lithuanian-Masovian War for Podlasie | |
|
Indecisive |
| 1440–1442 | Civil War in Hungary | |
|
Władysław III's victory |
| 1443 | Battle of Nish (1443) |  |
|
Victory for the Christian contingent |
1443–1444
|
Crusade of Varna
|
|
|
Polish-Hungarian defeat |
| 1444 | Battle of Kunovica | |
|
Victory |
| 1449–1450 | Fights for Moldavian throne | |
|
Aleksander II's defeat |
| 1450–1454 | Fights of Land of Oświęcim | |
Duchy of Toszek | Polish victory |
| 1453 | Tatar raid on Podolia | |
|
Polish victory |
1454–1466
|
Thirteen Years' War[3]
|
Prussian Confederation |
 |
Second Peace of Thorn |
| 1457–1458 | Rebellion of unpaid mercenaries | |
 |
Payment of salaries |
| 1469 | Tatar raid on Podolia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1471 | Tatar raid on Podolia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1471–1474 | Polish-Hungarian War | |
|
Indecisive |
| 1474 | Polish-Bohemian raid on Silesia | |
|
Polish and Bohemian defeat |
| 1475 | Battle of Vaslui |  |
|
Victory |
| 1476 | Polish raid on Prussia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1476–1482 | War of Succession of Głogów | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1478–1479 | War of the Priests | |
 |
Polish victory |
1485–1503
|
Polish-Ottoman War
|
|
|
Polish defeat |
1490–1492
|
Fights for Hungarian throne
|
 |
|
Vladislaus II's victory |
| 1495 | Polish raid on Płock | |
|
Polish victory |
1500–1503
|
Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War | |
 |
Lithuanian defeat |
| 1501 | Polish raid on Prussia | |
|
Interruption of the expedition because of king's death |
1502–1510
|
Polish-Moldavian War
|
|
|
Polish victory |
| 1506 | Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania[4] | |
|
Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1507–1508
|
Third Muscovite-Lithuanian War
|
|
|
Lithuanian victory |
| 1512 | Tatar raid on Poland | |
|
Polish victory |
1512–1522
|
Fourth Muscovite-Lithuanian War | |
|
Lithuanian defeat |
| 1516 | Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1519 | Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia
|
|
|
Polish defeat |
1519–1521
|
Polish–Teutonic War
|
|
|
Treaty of Kraków |
| 1524 | Ottoman-Tatar raid on Podolia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1526 | Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1528 | Habsburgian raid on Spisz | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1528 | Tatar raid on Podolia | |
|
Polish victory |
1530–1531
|
Polish-Moldavian War
|
|
|
Polish victory |
1534–1537
|
Fifth Muscovite-Lithuanian War
|
|
|
Indecisive |
| 1535 | Moldavian raid on Podolia and Pokuttya | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1537 | Chicken War | |
|
End of rebellion |
1538
|
Polish-Moldavian War
|
|
|
Indecisive |
| 1549 | Tatar raid on Volhynia and Red Ruthenia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1550 | Moldavian raid on Bar | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1552 | Sieniawski intervention in Moldavia | |
|
Alexandru victory |
| 1557 | Zygmunt II August's raid on Livonia | |
|
Polish victory |
| 1557 | Tatar raid on Podolia | |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1558–1583 | Livonian War |  |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Polish victory |
1561–1570
|
Northern Seven Years' War
|
 |
 |
Treaty of Stettin |
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.
During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
| Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1571 | Danish attack on Poland |  |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
| 1572 | Mikołaj Mielecki's raid on Moldavia | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
| 1575 | Tatar raid on Red Ruthenia and Podolia | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
| 1575 | Russian invasion of Livonia | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1576–77
|
Danzig rebellion | |
 |
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
| 1577 | Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1577–82
|
Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory[5] |  |
|
Truce of Jam Zapolski |
| 1578 | Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1587–88
|
War of the Polish Succession[6] | |
 |
Maximilian III's defeat |
| 1589 | Tatar raid on Poland
|
|
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1591–93
|
Kosiński Uprising | |
 |
Crushing of the rebellion |
1594–96
|
Nalyvaiko Uprising
|
|
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1595 | Jan Zamoyski's raid on Moldavia | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1598–99
|
War against Sigismund
|
|
|
Sigismund III Vasa's defeat |
1599–1600
|
Fights against Michael the Brave
|
|
 |
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1600–11
|
Polish–Swedish War
|
|
|
Indecisive |
1605–18
|
Polish–Muscovite War (Dymitriads)
|
|
 |
Truce of Deulino |
| 1606 | Tatar raid on Poland | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1606–09
|
Zebrzydowski Rebellion | |
 |
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1607 | Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia
|
 |
|
Stefan Potocki's victory |
| 1612 | Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia
|
|
|
Stefan Potocki's defeat |
| 1612 | Four Tatar raids on Poland
|
 |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1615–16
|
Samuel Korecki's raid on Moldavia
|
 |
|
Polish defeat |
| 1617–18 | Polish–Swedish War | |
|
Indecisive |
| 1618 | Tatar raid on Poland | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
| 1619 | Battle of Humenné | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1620–21
|
Polish–Ottoman War | |
|
Treaty of Khotyn |
1621–26
|
Polish–Swedish War
|
|
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
| 1624 | Tatar raid on Poland | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
| 1625 | Żmajło uprspring
|
|
|
Indecisive |
1626–29
|
Polish–Swedish War
|
|
|
Truce of Altmark |
| 1626 | Three Tatar raids on Poland
|
|
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
| 1628 | Five Tatar raids on Poland | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
| 1629 | Five Tatar raids on Poland | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
| 1630 | Fedorovych Uprising
|
|
|
Treaty of Pereyaslav |
1632–34
|
Smolensk War
|
|
|
Treaty of Polyanovka |
1633–34
|
Polish–Ottoman War
|
|
|
Polish victory |
| 1635 | Sulima Uprising | |
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1637 | Pawluk Uprising
|
|
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1638 | Ostrzanin Uprising
|
|
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1640 | Tatar raid on Poland | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
| 1643 | Tatar raid on Poland
|
|
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
| 1644 | Tatar raid on Poland | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
| 1645–1646 | Polish raid on Crimean Khanate | |
|
Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1648–55
|
Khmelnytsky Uprising
|
|
|
Indecisive |
| 1651 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising | |
Aleksander Kostka Napierski | Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1651 | Peasants' Revolt on Cistercian Ląd's Land | |
Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1654–67
|
Russo-Polish War
|
|
|
Truce of Andrusovo |
1655–60
|
Second Northern War
|
 |
|
Treaty of Oliva |
| 1663–1664 | Austro-Turkish War (1663–64) | League of the Rhine:
|
|
Peace of Vasvár |
1665–66
|
Lubomirski's Rokosz
|
|
 |
Indecisive |
1666–71
|
Polish–Cossack–Tatar War
|
|
|
Indecisive |
1669–1670
|
Podhale uprising
|
|
Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1672–76
|
Polish–Ottoman War
|
|
|
Treaty of Żurawno |
1683–99
|
Polish–Ottoman War (in the Holy League, part of Great Turkish War)
|
|
|
Treaty of Karlowitz |
| 1686–1700 | Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) | .svg.png){kind=small}  |
|
Victory |
| 1697 | François Louis's raid for Polish crown |  |
 |
Augustus II's victory |
| 1700 | Lithuanian Civil War | |
 |
Defeat of Sapieha |
1700–21
|
Great Northern War
|
  .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
|
Treaty of Nystad |
| 1702–04 | Palej Uprising | |
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
1715–16
|
Tarnogród Confederation
|
|
|
Silent Sejm |
1733–35
|
War of the Polish Succession
|
    |
 .svg.png){kind=small} |
Treaty of Vienna |
| 1734 | Haidamak Uprising, 1734 | |
Haidamakas | Uprising suppressed. |
| 1750 | Haidamak Uprising, 1750 | |
Haidamakas | Uprising suppressed. |
| 1764 | Civil War in Poland | |
|
Defeat of Hetmans' Party |
| 1768–69 | Koliyivshchyna | |
Haidamakas | Victory |
1768–72
|
Bar Confederation
|
 |
|
First Partition of Poland |
| 1769 | Šiauliai revolt | |
Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1792–1797 | War of the First Coalition Part of the French Revolutionary Wars |
* .svg.png){kind=small}
|
*
|
French victory;
|
| 1792 | Polish–Russian War of 1792
|
|
|
Second Partition of Poland |
| 1794 | Kościuszko Uprising[13]
|
 |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Third Partition of Poland |
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
19th century and World War I
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.
| Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1797 | Denisko Uprising |  |
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1798–1802 | War of the Second Coalition Part of the French Revolutionary Wars |
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  French client republics:
|
Second Coalition:
|
French victory
|
| 1803–1806 | War of the Third Coalition Part of the Napoleonic Wars |
|
Third Coalition:
|
French victory
|
| 1806–1807 | War of the Fourth Coalition Part of the Napoleonic Wars |
French satellites:
|
Fourth Coalition: |
French victory
|
| 1809 | War of the Fifth Coalition Part of the Napoleonic Wars
|
French satellites:
|
Fifth Coalition:
|
French victory
|
| 1812 | French invasion of Russia Part of the Napoleonic Wars |
Allies: |
|
Russian victory
|
| 1812–1814 | War of the Sixth Coalition Part of the Napoleonic Wars |
Until January 1814
|
Original Coalition.svg.png){kind=small}   .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} After Battle of Leipzig |
Coalition victory
|
1830–1831
|
November Uprising[19][N 2] |  |
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1846 | Kraków Uprising
|
|
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1846 | Greater Poland Uprising | |
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1848 | Revolutions of 1848 in Poland
|
|
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
1863–1864
|
January Uprising
|
 |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1866 | Siberian Uprising
|
|
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
1905–1907
|
Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland
|
|
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
1914–1918
|
World War I | .svg.png){kind=small} |
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
Treaty of Versailles |
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
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.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
Modern history
In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war. The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side. Later, at the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against terrorism on the NATO side.
| Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | Finnish Civil War | .svg.png){kind=small}  |
 .svg.png){kind=small} |
Victory
|
1918–1919
|
Polish–Ukrainian War
|
 |
  |
Polish victory |
| 1918–1919 | Greater Poland Uprising | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Polish victory |
| 1918–1919 | Polish-German skirmishes | |
|
Indecisive |
| 1919 | Polish coup attempt | |
|
Failure of coup |
| 1919 | Polish–Czechoslovak War | |
 |
Czechoslovakia annexes Zaolzie |
| 1919 | Bender Uprising | |
Communist Insurgents Supported by: |
Romanian victory |
1919–1920/21
|
Polish–Soviet War | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Polish victoryPeace of Riga[N 3], Ukrainian defeat[20] |
1919–1921
|
Silesian Uprisings
|
|
|
Polish defeat (I)Polish victory (II)Indecisive (III) |
1919–1920[N 4]
|
Polish–Lithuanian War | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Polish victory |
| 1923 | Kraków riot | |
|
Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1926 | May Coup | |
|
Józef Piłsudski's victory |
| 1932 | Lesko uprising | .svg.png){kind=small} |
Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
| 1938 | Capture of Zaolzie | |
 |
Polish victory |
| 1939 | World War II – Invasion of Poland | |
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
Polish defeat |
1939–1945
|
World War II – Polish resistance movement
|
 |
|
Partial liberation of Poland |
1939–1945
|
World War II – Western Front
|
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}   .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  _crowned.svg.png){kind=small} |
 Co-belligerents:
|
Potsdam Conference |
1943–1945
|
World War II – Eastern Front |
.svg.png){kind=small}   .svg.png){kind=small} Supported by: |
.svg.png){kind=small} Co-belligerents:  .svg.png){kind=small} |
Potsdam Conference
|
1944–1949
|
World War II – Fights against Ukrainian Insurgent Army
|
|
 |
Crushing of the rebellion |
1944–1956
|
Fights against Cursed soldiers | |
|
Crushing of the anti-soviet underground organizations |
| 1945 | Polish–Czechoslovak border conflict of Kłodzko | |
|
Indecisive |
| 1956 | Poznań protests | |
Anti-communist civilian protesters | State military victory
|
| 1968 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia |    .svg.png){kind=small}  |
|
Warsaw Pact victory
|
| 1990–1991 | Gulf War | Coalition of the Gulf War: |
 |
Coalition victory |
| 1994–1995 | Operation Uphold Democracy |  |
 |
Coalition victory |
2001–present
|
War on Terror
|
|
  |
Ongoing
|
| 2013–2014 | Operation Serval part of 2012 Northern Mali conflict and the War on Terror |
   |
|
Victory
|
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See also
- History of the Polish Army
- List of wars
- Military of Poland
- Polish-Teutonic Wars
- Polish-Ottoman Wars
- Polish-Russian Wars
- Polish-Swedish wars
- List of Napoleonic battles
- List of wars involving Russia
- List of wars involving Ukraine
- List of wars involving Germany
Notes
- Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, though most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon
- also called Polish–Russian War of 1830–31
- Russian and Polish historians tend to assign victory to their respective countries. Outside assessments vary, mostly between calling the result a Polish victory or inconclusive. Lenin, in his secret report to the 9th Conference of the Bolshevik Party on 20 September 1920, called the outcome of the war, "In a word, a gigantic, unheard-of defeat."
- Lithuanian historiography: Spring 1919 – November 29, 1920 Polish historiography: September 1 – October 7, 1920
Footnotes
- Nicolle, p. 8
- Sikorski (1972), pp. 203–214.
- Sikorski (1972), pp. 283–291.
- Sikorski (1972), pp. 291–292.
- Sikorski (1972), pp. 299–301.
- Sikorski (1972), pp. 301–311.
- Re-entered the war as an ally of France after signing the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso.
- The French Revolutionary Army overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.
- Formed in French-allied Italy in 1797, following the abolition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Third Partition in 1795.
- Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
- Left the war after signing the Treaty of Paris with France.
- Virtually all of the Italian states, including the neutral Papal States and the Republic of Venice, were conquered following Napoleon's invasion in 1796 and became French satellite states.
- Sikorski (1972), pp. 435–451.
- Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen.
- Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.
- Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
- Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
- Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
- Sikorski (1972), pp. 469–490.
- Kubijovic, V. (1963). Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
References
- Gąsowski, Tomasz (1999). Bitwy polskie: leksykon. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak. ISBN 83-7006-787-5.
- Kozłowski, Eligiusz; Wrzosek, Mieczysław (1984). Historia oręża polskiego 1795–1939. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0339-5.
- Lawson, M. K. (2004). Cnut – England's Viking King (2nd ed.). Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
- Nowak, Tadeusz M.; Wimmer, Jan (1981). Historia oręża polskiego 963–1795. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0133-3.
- Sikorski, Janusz (1972). Zarys historii wojskowości powszechnej do końca wieku XIX. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. OCLC 20835374.
- Winged Hussars, Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz, BUM Magazine, 2016.
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