List of wars involving Turkey

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Turkey such as coups, insurgencies, conflicts, offensives, border and international disputes.

Wars
Conflict Turkey
and allies		 Opponents Results Turkish losses
Military Civilian
War of Independence
(1919–1923)		 Ankara Government  Greece
 France
 Armenia
 United Kingdom
 Istanbul Government
 Italy
Georgia		 Victory[1]
~41,000
Unknown
Sheikh Said Rebellion
(1925)		 Turkey Sunni Zaza tribes Victory
  • Revolt suppressed
Unknown
15,000–
250,000
Ararat Rebellion
(1927–1930)		 Turkey Republic of Ararat Victory
Unknown
4,500–
47,000
Dersim Rebellion
(1937–1938)		  Turkey Dersim tribes Victory
  • Revolt suppressed
110
Unknown
Korean War
(1950–1953)		  South Korea
  North Korea
 China
 Soviet Union		 Stalemate
904[2]
None
Cyprus crisis of 1963–64
(1963–1964)
(Intervention in Battle of Tillyria)		  Turkey
TMT		 Cyprus Ceasefire (Battle of Tylliria)[3][4][5]
  • Greek Cypriot National Guard ground offensive against Turkish Cypriot positions halted by Turkish airstrikes support
  • Ceasefire after UN Security Council resolution
  • Turkish Cypriots maintain beachhead but significantly reduced & supply lines blockaded
1[6]
None
Turkish invasion of Cyprus
(1974)		  Turkey
TMT		 Cyprus
Greece		 Victory
  • Turkish occupation of 36.2% of Cyprus
498[7]
None
Political violence in Turkey
(1976–1980)[8]		 Grey Wolves TKP/ML
THKO
Devrimci Yol		 1980 Turkish coup d'état
  • Violence abruptly stopped[9]
5,388
(both sides)
Kurdish-Turkish Conflict
(1978–)		  Turkey KCK
YDG-H
HBDH
TAK		 Ongoing
  • Truce 2012–2014, renewed warfare in 2015
8,266
~30,000
Operation Restore Hope
(1992–1995)		 United Somali Congress Victory
  • Operation regarded as a success[10]
None
None
Bosnian War
(1995)
(Participant in NATO Operation Deliberate Force)		  Republika Srpska NATO Victory[11]
None
None
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
(1997)		  Turkey
KDP		 PUK
PKK		 Ceasefire
  • Peace treaty between the KDP and the PUK
145
None
Kosovo War
(1998–1999)
(Participant in NATO Operation Allied Force)		 UÇK
  FR Yugoslavia NATO Victory
  • Turkey committed 11 F-16 aircraft to the NATO force, and US use of air bases[13]
  • Kumanovo Treaty
None
None
War in Afghanistan
(2001–)		  Afghanistan
 Taliban Ongoing
  • Fall of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
15
None
Libyan Civil War
(2011)
(Assisted NATO military intervention)		 NTC
 Qatar
 Libya NATO Victory
  • Turkey helped enforce the naval blockade and no-fly zone[14]
  • The NTC assumed interim control of Libya
None
None
American-led intervention in Iraq
(2015–)		  Iraq
 Iraqi Kurdistan 		 ISIS Victory
  • Turkish intervention in July 2015
None
304[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
Operation Euphrates Shield
(2016–2017)		  Turkey
Syrian Opposition		  ISIS
Northern Syria		 Victory
71
None
Operation Olive Branch
(2018)		  Turkey
Syrian Opposition		 Northern Syria
Syria		 Victory
  • Turkish capture of Afrin
61[24][25][26]
1 worker
Operation Peace Spring
(2019)		  Turkey
Syrian Opposition		 Northern Syria
Syria		 Victory
16
22[27]
Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
(2017)
(incl. Operation Spring Shield & 2020 Balyun airstrikes)		  Turkey

Syria

 Ongoing 67 - 81[28][29][30][note 1]
2 contractors
Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War
(2020-present)		  Turkey
Government of National Accord
Syrian Interim Government

House of Representatives

 Ongoing
3 killed[31]
Unknown

Coups and coup attempts in Turkey

There have been 2 successful coups in Turkey:

Insurgency in Turkey

There are several insurgency in Turkey, including the following:

Wars and battles during the War of Independence

Turkish-Armenian War

Franco-Turkish War

Greco-Turkish War

Occupations

Revolts

Other conflicts and crises involving Turkey

Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War
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See also

Notes
  1. Present Turkish losses during the operation in Idlib Governorate do not include unconfirmed claims of 50–100 dead in the February 2020 Balyun airstrikes. Instead, they include 33 soldiers killed in the airstrike confirmed by Turkey.

References
  1. Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
  2. Including 163 missing
  3. James, A. (28 November 2001). Keeping the Peace in the Cyprus Crisis of 1963–64. Springer. pp. 147–149. ISBN 9781403900890 – via Google Books.
  4. O'Malley, Brendan; Craig, Ian (25 June 2001). The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and the Turkish Invasion. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 115–121. ISBN 9780857711922 – via Google Books.
  5. Dodd, Clement (21 April 2010). The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9780230275287 – via Google Books.
  6. "Cengiz Topel (1934–1964)" (in Turkish). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Okulweb. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  7. References:
    • Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, ISBN 9944137251, page 688 (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 ground, 65 navy, 5 air, 13 gendarmerie (= 498 killed)
    • American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies; Eugene K. Keefe (1980). Cyprus, a country study. Foreign Area Studies, American University : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Retrieved 5 December 2012. Authoritative figures for casualties during the two- phased military operation were not published; available estimates listed Greek Cypriot losses at 6,000 dead and Turkish losses at 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded...
  8. Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée," Le Monde diplomatique, February 1981.
  9. Ustel, Aziz (2008-07-14). "Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!". Star Gazete (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-10-21. Ve 13 Eylül 1980’de Türkiye’yi on yıla yakın bir süredir kasıp kavuran terör ve adam öldürmeler bıçakla kesilir gibi kesildi.
  10. "Operation Restore Hope". Retrieved 2007-12-02.
  11. Cimbala, Stephen J.; Forster, Peter (21 October 2005). The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 9781134251971 – via Google Books.
  12. "Operation Deliberate Force". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
  13. Olsen, John Andreas (15 July 2014). European Air Power: Challenges and Opportunities. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612346816 – via Google Books.
  14. "Parliament OKs Turkey's Involvement in Libya". The Oakland Press. Ankara. Associated Press. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  15. "Ten German dead in Istanbul terror attack". The Local. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  16. "Suicide bombing hits Istanbul shopping area popular with tourists". The Independent. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  17. hermesauto (2 July 2016). "Istanbul airport attack toll rises to 45 as child dies". Straits Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  18. "Death toll rises to 57 in ISIL Gaziantep attack". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  19. ""Death toll from bomb blasts at HDP rally rises to 4"". Archived from the original on July 23, 2015.
  20. "Suruç'ta ölenlerin sayısı 32'ye yükseldi". 21 July 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  21. "Does Turkey have to learn to live with terror? - SERKAN DEMİRTAŞ". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  22. Weise, Zia; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (January 9, 2017). "Istanbul nightclub attack: Search continues for unidentified terrorist gunman who killed 39 at New Year's Eve party" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  23. http://metro.co.uk/2016/09/05/isis-cleared-from-border-with-turkey-6109548/
  24. "Turkey neutralizes over 4,500 terrorists in Afrin: Army". Anadolu Agency. 6 July 2018.
  25. Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militia in Syria's Afrin
    "1 Turkish soldier killed during anti-terror op in northern Syria". Daily Sabah. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
    One Turkish soldier killed in Syria, military retaliates: ministry
    One soldier killed, another wounded in Syria
    Turkish soldier killed in clashes with Kurdish militants in Syria: ministry
    Two Turkish soldiers killed in Kurdish militant attack in Syria: ministry
  26. "Turkish civilian worker killed, three soldiers wounded in Syria's Afrin". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  27. "1,230 terrorists neutralized in N.Syria op: President". aa.com.tr.
  28. 1 killed (6 Feb. 2018), 1 killed (6 April 2019), 1 killed (28 June 2019), 58 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per Turkish President), 72 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per SOHR), 3 killed (18-19 March 2020), 1 killed (27 May 2020), 1 killed (5 June 2020), 1 killed (12 June 2020), total of 67–81 soldiers killed
  29. "YPG terrorists attack Turkish military convoy in Idlib with car bomb, kill 1 civilian, injure 2 others". DailySabah.
  30. Syria war: Turkey will not let Syrian army advance in Idlib, says Erdogan
    UN: Northwest Syria fighting displaces over 500,000 in 2 months
    Turkey to keep military observation posts in Idlib, Syria
  31. "Erdogan says two Turkish troops killed in Libya conflict". Reuters.
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