bZIP domain

The Basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP domain) is found in many DNA binding eukaryotic proteins. One part of the domain contains a region that mediates sequence specific DNA binding properties and the leucine zipper that is required to hold together (dimerize) two DNA binding regions. The DNA binding region comprises a number of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine. Proteins containing this domain are transcription factors.[1][2]

This article is about the protein domain. For the compression algorithm, see Bzip2.

bZIP transcription factor
CREB (top) is a transcription factor capable of binding DNA via the bZIP domain (bottom) and regulating gene expression.
Identifiers
SymbolbZIP_1
PfamPF00170
InterProIPR011616
PROSITEPDOC00036
SCOPe1ysa / SUPFAM
CDDcd14686
Membranome235

bZIP transcription factors

bZIP transcription factors are found in all eukaryotes and form one of the largest families of dimerizing TFs.[3][4] An evolutionary study from 2008 revealed that 4 bZIP genes were encoded by the genome of the most recent common ancestor of all plants.[5] Interactions between bZIP transcription factors are numerous and complex [6][7][3] and play important roles in cancer development[8] in epithelial tissues, steroid hormone synthesis by cells of endocrine tissues,[9] factors affecting reproductive functions,[10] and several other phenomena that affect human health.

bZIP domain containing proteins
  • AP-1 fos/jun heterodimer that forms a transcription factor
  • Jun-B transcription factor
  • CREB cAMP response element transcription factor
  • OPAQUE2 (O2) transcription factor of the 22-kD zein gene that encodes a class of storage proteins in the endosperm of maize (Zea Mays) kernels
  • NFE2L2 or Nrf2
  • Bzip Maf transcription factors

Human proteins containing this domain

ATF1; ATF2; ATF4; ATF5; ATF6; ATF7; BACH1; BACH2; BATF; BATF2; CEBPA; CEBPB; CEBPD; CEBPE; CEBPG; CEBPZ; CREB1; CREB3; CREB3L1; CREB3L2; CREB3L3; CREB3L4; CREB5; CREBL1; CREM; E4BP4; FOSL1; FOSL2; JUN; JUNB; JUND; MAFA; MAFB; NFE2; NFE2L2; NFE2L3; SNFT; XBP1

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References
  1. Ellenberger T (1994). "Getting a grip in DNA recognition: structures of the basic region leucine zipper, and the basic region helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domains". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 4 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(94)90054-X.
  2. Hurst HC (1995). "Transcription factors 1: bZIP proteins". Protein Profile. 2 (2): 101–68. PMID 7780801.
  3. Amoutzias, G. D.; Veron, A. S.; Weiner, J.; Robinson-Rechavi, M.; Bornberg-Bauer, E.; Oliver, S. G.; Robertson, D. L. (2007-03-01). "One billion years of bZIP transcription factor evolution: conservation and change in dimerization and DNA-binding site specificity". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (3): 827–835. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl211. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 17194801.
  4. Amoutzias, Grigoris D.; Robertson, David L.; Van de Peer, Yves; Oliver, Stephen G. (2008-05-01). "Choose your partners: dimerization in eukaryotic transcription factors". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 33 (5): 220–229. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2008.02.002. ISSN 0968-0004. PMID 18406148.
  5. Corrêa LG, Riaño-Pachón DM, Schrago CG, dos Santos RV, Mueller-Roeber B, Vincentz M (2008). Shiu S (ed.). "The Role of bZIP Transcription Factors in Green Plant Evolution: Adaptive Features Emerging from Four Founder Genes". PLOS ONE. 3 (8): e2944. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002944. PMC 2492810. PMID 18698409.
  6. Vinson, Charles; Acharya, Asha; Taparowsky, Elizabeth J. (2006-01-01). "Deciphering B-ZIP transcription factor interactions in vitro and in vivo". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1759 (1–2): 4–12. doi:10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.12.005. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 16580748.
  7. Newman, John R. S.; Keating, Amy E. (2003-06-27). "Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays". Science. 300 (5628): 2097–2101. doi:10.1126/science.1084648. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 12805554.
  8. Vlahopoulos SA, Logotheti S, Mikas D, Giarika A, Gorgoulis V, Zoumpourlis V (April 2008). "The role of ATF-2 in oncogenesis". BioEssays. 30 (4): 314–27. doi:10.1002/bies.20734. PMID 18348191.
  9. Manna PR, Dyson MT, Eubank DW, Clark BJ, Lalli E, Sassone-Corsi P, Zeleznik AJ, Stocco DM (January 2002). "Regulation of steroidogenesis and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein by a member of the cAMP response-element binding protein family". Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (1): 184–99. doi:10.1210/me.16.1.184. PMID 11773448.
  10. Hoare S, Copland JA, Wood TG, Jeng YJ, Izban MG, Soloff MS (May 1999). "Identification of a GABP alpha/beta binding site involved in the induction of oxytocin receptor gene expression in human breast cells, potentiation by c-Fos/c-Jun". Endocrinology. 140 (5): 2268–79. doi:10.1210/en.140.5.2268. PMID 10218980.
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