DLX2

Homeobox protein DLX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX2 gene.[5][6]

DLX2
Identifiers
Aliases	DLX2, TES-1, TES1, AW121999, Dlx-2, distal-less homeobox 2
External IDs	OMIM: 126255 MGI: 94902 HomoloGene: 3244 GeneCards: DLX2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q31.1 Start 172,099,438 bp[1] End 172,102,900 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2 C2|2 42.65 cM Start 71,543,408 bp[2] End 71,546,754 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001131, GO:0001151, GO:0001130, GO:0001204 DNA-binding transcription factor activity • GO:0001077, GO:0001212, GO:0001213, GO:0001211, GO:0001205 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • chromatin binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • single-stranded RNA binding • GO:0001200, GO:0001133, GO:0001201 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • cell nucleus Biological process • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation • proximal/distal pattern formation • cell differentiation • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • branching morphogenesis of a nerve • embryonic skeletal system development • multicellular organism development • odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment • cartilage development • brain development • negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation • forebrain neuron differentiation • embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis • olfactory bulb development • hippocampus development • subpallium development • negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of cell differentiation • negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation • positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation • transcription, DNA-templated Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1746	13392
Ensembl	ENSG00000115844	ENSMUSG00000023391
UniProt	Q07687	P40764
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_004405	NM_010054
RefSeq (protein)	NP_004396 NP_004396.1	NP_034184
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 172.1 – 172.1 Mb	Chr 2: 71.54 – 71.55 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2.[6]

Interactions

DLX2 has been shown to interact with DLX5,[7] MSX1[7] and Msh homeobox 2.[7]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115844 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023391 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Ozcelik T, Porteus MH, Rubenstein JL, Francke U (Sep 1992). "DLX2 (TES1), a homeobox gene of the Distal-less family, assigned to conserved regions on human and mouse chromosomes 2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1157–61. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90031-M. PMID 1354641.
6. "Entrez Gene: DLX2 distal-less homeobox 2".
7. Zhang, H; Hu G; Wang H; Sciavolino P; Iler N; Shen M M; Abate-Shen C (May 1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. UNITED STATES. 17 (5): 2920–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364.

Further reading

• Harris SE, Guo D, Harris MA, et al. (2003). "Transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 activated genes in osteoblasts using gene expression microarray analysis: role of Dlx2 and Dlx5 transcription factors". Front. Biosci. 8: s1249–65. doi:10.2741/1170. PMID 12957859.
• Qiu M, Bulfone A, Martinez S, et al. (1995). "Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain". Genes Dev. 9 (20): 2523–38. doi:10.1101/gad.9.20.2523. PMID 7590232.
• Selski DJ, Thomas NE, Coleman PD, Rogers KE (1993). "The human brain homeogene, DLX-2: cDNA sequence and alignment with the murine homologue". Gene. 132 (2): 301–3. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90212-L. PMID 7901126.
• Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M, et al. (1994). "Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (6): 2250–4. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.2250S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250. PMC 43348. PMID 7907794.
• McGuinness T, Porteus MH, Smiga S, et al. (1996). "Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus". Genomics. 35 (3): 473–85. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0387. PMID 8812481.
• Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H, et al. (1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2920–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364.
• Yu G, Zerucha T, Ekker M, Rubenstein JL (2002). "Evidence that GRIP, a PDZ-domain protein which is expressed in the embryonic forebrain, co-activates transcription with DLX homeodomain proteins". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 130 (2): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00239-5. PMID 11675124.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Espinoza HM, Ganga M, Vadlamudi U, et al. (2005). "Protein kinase C phosphorylation modulates N- and C-terminal regulatory activities of the PITX2 homeodomain protein". Biochemistry. 44 (10): 3942–54. doi:10.1021/bi048362x. PMID 15751970.