Visa requirements for United States citizens

Visa requirements for United States citizens and non-citizen nationals are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United States.

A United States passport with biometric chip.

As of July 2020, holders of a United States passport could travel to 186 countries and territories without a travel visa, or with a visa on arrival. The United States passport currently ranks[Note 1] 7th in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passports of Belgium, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Temporary COVID-19 restrictions

Main article: Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic

Countries that have imposed some form of travel restrictions on US Citizens and/or travel from the United States

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have imposed temporary travel restrictions on United States citizens or persons arriving from the United States.[2]

•  Argentina — Admission refused, except residents.
•  Austria — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Australia — Admission suspended for non-Australians, except for family
•  Bahamas - Admission refused beginning July 22.[3]
•  Bangladesh — Medical certificate and 14-day institutional quarantine required.
•  Belgium — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Bermuda — 14-day self-quarantine required.
•  Botswana — Admission refused.
•  Brazil — Admission refused, unless exempt, until July 5.[4]
•  Brunei — Admission refused.
•  Cambodia — Admission refused.
•  Canada — Admission refused for nonessential travel.
•  Chile — Admission refused for nonessential travel.
•  Croatia — Admission refused for nonresidents.
•  Cyprus — Admission refused with few exceptions until April 10.[5]
•  Colombia — Admission refused until August 31, except residents (who must self-isolate for 14 days).
•  Costa Rica — Admission refused until August 1, except residents, who are subject to mandatory 14-day quarantine.[6]
•  Czech Republic — Admission refused.
•  Denmark — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods. Entry refused into Greenland and Faroe Islands until April 13.
•  El Salvador — Admission refused, except accredited diplomats and legal residents.
•  Estonia — Admission refused effective March 17. Right of entry will remain for citizens and those with a right of residence, as well as foreign citizens whose next of kin live in Estonia. Transit is allowed for foreigners not showing signs of COVID-19. A mandatory two-week quarantine will be set for anyone entering the country.
•  France — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Georgia (country) - Admission refused until April 21st, except dependents of citizens and diplomats.
•  Germany — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Greece — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Guatemala — Admission refused.
•  Hong Kong — Admission refused for nonessential travel.
•  Honduras — Admission refused.[7]
•  Hungary — Admission refused.
•  Iceland — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  India — Admission refused.
•  Indonesia — Admission refused.
•  Ireland — Self-isolation required. [8]
•  Israel — Admission refused, except by specific permit for non-residents. All entrants must remain under home isolation for 14 days.
•  Italy — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Jordan — Airports are closed to commercial international flights and land and sea borders are closed at this time.[9]
•  Latvia — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Liechtenstein — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Lithuania — Admission refused, except those with residence permit.
•  Luxembourg — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Macau — Admission refused.
•  Malaysia — Admission refused for nonresidents. Quarantine required for residents.
•  Malta — 14-day quarantine required.
•  Mexico — Admission refused by land for nonessential travel.
•  Mongolia — Admission refused.
•  Netherlands — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  New Zealand — 14-day self-isolation required.
•  North Korea — Admission refused.
•  Norway — Admission refused.
•  Oman — Tourist visas suspended until April 30.
•  Panama — Admission refused.
•  Philippines — Admission refused, except spouses and children of Filipino nationals. [10]
•  Poland — Admission refused, except for those possessing residence or work permits. 14 days quarantine required.
•  Russia — Admission refused.
•  Singapore — Admission refused for nonresidents. Quarantine required for residents.
•  Slovakia — Admission refused for nonresidents. Quarantine required for residents.
•  Slovenia — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  South Africa — visitors who have been in, transited through, or are nationals of several designated "high-risk countries" (including the United States) are not allowed to enter.[11]
•  Spain — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Suriname — Admission refused.
•  Sweden — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•   Switzerland — Admission to Schengen Area refused from noon 17 March until April 30, except residents, family members of EU citizens, medical personnel, and people responsible for transport of goods.
•  Tajikistan — Admission refused.
•  Thailand — Admission refused, except residents.
•  Tunisia — None reported by the U.S. State Department.[12]
•  Turkmenistan — Admission refused.
•  Ukraine — Admission refused, except residents.[13]
•  UAE — Visa issuance suspended for non-diplomatic passport holders.
•  UK — Self-Isolation required. [14]
•  Venezuela — Admission refused.
•  Vietnam — Admission refused. E-visa will be resumed after July 1.[15]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for holders of regular United States passports

  United States

  Visa free access

  Visa issued upon arrival

  Electronic authorization or online payment required / eVisa

  Visa available both on arrival or online

  Visa required prior to arrival

  Travel ban imposed by the U.S. federal government

Visa requirements

General visa requirements of sovereign countries towards United States citizens:

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)	Reciprocity
Afghanistan	Visa required[16][17]		Visitors born in Afghanistan do not require a visa. Visitors arriving via military air need to legalize their stay if they wish to leave via commercial airline. All visitors are fingerprinted.[18]	√
Albania	Visa not required[19][20]	1 year[21]		X
Algeria	Visa required[22][23]		Persons may be denied entry if entering with a passport containing visas or stamps issued by Israel.	√
Andorra	Visa not required[24]	3 months[25][26]		√
Angola	eVisa[27][28][29]	30 days	Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested such pre-visa from the consulates of Angola abroad, are then issued with a visa on arrival at the country's border check points. For a maximum total stay of 90 days within a one year period.[30] Besides having printed confirmation that a visa will be issued upon arrival, passengers must: have a return/onward ticket, and have a hotel reservation confirmation.[31]	X
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[32][33]	6 months[34]	Stringent application of rules regarding proof of sufficient funds, return ticket and accommodation.[35]	X
Argentina	Visa not required[36]	90 days	Extendable up to 180 days. Visitors are fingerprinted and photographed upon entry.	X
Armenia	Visa not required[37]	180 days		X
Australia	Electronic Travel Authority[38]	90 days	90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted[39] May enter using SmartGate.[40]	√
Austria	Visa not required[41][42]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[43] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Azerbaijan	eVisa / Visa on arrival[46]	30 days[47]	If intending to stay in the Republic of Azerbaijan for more than ten days, the visitor must register at the State Migration Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan within three days upon arrival in Azerbaijan.[48] Applicants of Armenian ancestry or with Armenian visas in their passport may not obtain a visa.[49] Can obtain a 30 days visa on arrival only if arriving on a direct flight of Azerbaijan Airlines from New York City.[50]	X
Bahamas	Visa not required[51][52]	8 months	Passport Card or Enhanced Drivers License valid for Sea Travel	X
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[53]	14 days[54]	Visa also obtainable online[55]	X
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[56]	30 days[57]	Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport. Visa is not required for Bangladeshi Americans. Departure tax applies.[58]	X
Barbados	Visa not required[59][60]	6 months[61]		X
Belarus	Visa not required[62]	30 days	Must arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport. Exception: traveling to or from Russia requires a visa.[63] Registration upon arrival for stays longer than 5 days is mandatory. Visa-free visits to Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park for up to 3 days.[64] Visa-free visits to the Grodno and Augustow Canal visa-free zone for up to 5 days.[65] No transit without a visa under any circumstance.[66]	X
Belgium	Visa not required[67]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[68] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Belize	Visa not required[69][70]	180 days[71]	Departure tax applies.[72]	X
Benin	eVisa[73][74]	90 days	International Certificate of Vaccination required.[75] eVisas are available for 30 or 90 days	X
Bhutan	Visa required[76]		$250 per day is a non-negotiable minimum daily tariff paid by all visitors to Bhutan. Visas are issued only to tourists booked with a local licensed tour operator.[77]	√
Bolivia	Visa not required[78][79]	90 days[80]		X
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[81][82]	90 days	90 days within any 6-month period Registration with the local police within 24 hours of arrival is mandatory.[83]	X
Botswana	Visa not required[84][85]	90 days	90 days within any year period[86]	X
Brazil	Visa not required[87][88]	90 days	Up to 90 days per visit, but no more than 180 days per year.	X
Brunei	Visa not required[89][90]	90 days		√
Bulgaria	Visa not required[91][92]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period[93] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	X
Burkina Faso	Visa on arrival[94]	1 month	International Certificate of Vaccination required.[95]	X
Burundi	Visa required[96]		Visitors are fingerprinted	√
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[97]	30 days	Visa is also obtainable online.[98] All visitors are fingerprinted on arrival and departure.[99]	X
Cameroon	Visa required[100]		International Certificate of Vaccination and current immunization records required.[101]	√
Canada	Visa not required[102][103]	6 months	Anyone with a criminal record (including misdemeanors or alcohol-related driving offenses in the US) may not be able to enter Canada without first obtaining an approval for rehabilitation[104] or a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP).[105] Passport Card, NEXUS card, or Enhanced Drivers License valid for Land and Sea Travel	√
Cape Verde	Visa not required[106]	30 days	Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[107]	X
Central African Republic	Visa not required[108][109][110]	180 days	International Certificate of Vaccination required.[111]	X
Chad	Visa required[112][113]		International Certificate of Vaccination required. Registration within 72 hours is mandatory prior to arrival.[114] Registration is good for the life of the passport.[115]	√
Chile	Visa not required[116]	90 days[117][118]		√
China	Visa required[119]		Registration mandatory within 24 hours of arrival;[120] All visitors are fingerprinted on arrival and departure between the ages of 14 and 70. 24-hour visit without a visa when in transit through China (unless arriving in Fuzhou Changle International Airport, Huangshan Tunxi International Airport, Mudanjiang Hailang Airport, Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport and Yanji Chaoyangchuan Airport). 72-hour visit without a visa when in transit through Changsha, Guilin and Harbin. 144-hours visit without a visa when in transit through Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Jieyang, Kunming, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xiamen and Xi'an.[121] Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan do count as third countries under the 24, 72 and 144-hours visa-free transit (TWOV) policies. Visas for U.S. citizens are valid for up to 10 years.[122]	√
Colombia	Visa not required[123][124]	90 days	Extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period[125] Colombian-born U.S. citizens and U.S. citizens traveling with children may face special exit requirements.[126]	X
Comoros	Visa on arrival[127][128]			X
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Visa required[129][130]		International Certificate of Vaccination required. Registration required. Visas must be issued at the DR Congo embassy in Washington, D.C.[131]	√
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[132][133]		International Certificate of Vaccination required. A letter of invitation or written proof of a hotel reservation required.[134]	√
Costa Rica	Visa not required[135]	90 days	Departure tax applies.[136]	X
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[137]	3 months	eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport International Certificate of Vaccination required[138]	X
Croatia	Visa not required[139][140]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period. Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45] Registration with the local police within 24 hours of arrival is mandatory.[141]	X
Cuba	Tourist Card required[142]	30 days	Tourist travel was historically prohibited under U.S. law for U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and others subject to U.S. jurisdiction.[143] Under the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, all persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction are not permitted to travel to Cuba, and must be licensed in order to engage in any travel-related transactions pursuant to travel to, from, and within Cuba. In July 2015, the United States resumed diplomatic relations with Cuba. Discussions on lifting the travel ban have initiated. On June 16, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump announced new travel restrictions.[144][145] Tourist Card can be extended up to maximum 60 days with a fee.	√
Cyprus	Visa not required[146][147]	90 days	Admission temporarily refused until March 30, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. 90 days within any 180-day period[148] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	X
Czech Republic	Visa not required[149][150]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[151] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Denmark	Visa not required[152][153]	90 days	US citizens can enter Denmark for up to 90 days every six months, regardless of whether they have stayed in other Schengen countries (except other Nordic countries) prior to entry into Denmark.[154] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Djibouti	eVisa[155]	31 days		X
Dominica	Visa not required[156][157]	6 months	Departure tax applies.[158]	X
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[159][160]	30 days	Extendable up to 90 days Passport Card or Enhanced Drivers License valid for Sea Travel	X
Ecuador	Visa not required[161]	90 days	Extendable for another 90 days, per year[162]	X
Egypt	eVisa / Visa on arrival[163]	30 days	eVisa issued for 30 days.[164] 30 days when arriving by air; Tourists arriving at Sharm El Sheikh, Saint Catherine or Taba airports and remaining in the Sinai resorts do not require a visa up to 15 days[165]	X
El Salvador	Visa not required[166][167]	3 months	Admission temporarily refused due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.	X
Equatorial Guinea	Visa not required[168]	90 days	International Certificate of Vaccination required if you are traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever.[169]	X
Eritrea	Visa required[170]		Airport departure tax applies.[171]	√
Estonia	Visa not required[172][173]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[174] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Eswatini	Visa not required[175]	30 days	Extendable up to 60 days[176]	X
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[177]	up to 90 days	Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.[178] eVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. eVisas are available for 30 or 90 days.[179] Visitors are fingerprinted	X
Fiji	Visa not required[180]	4 months[181]		X
Finland	Visa not required[182][183]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[184] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
France	Visa not required[185][186]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area (in Regions of France)[187] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45] A bilateral agreement pre-dating the Schengen area may allow 90 days of stay in France regardless of days spent in other Schengen countries.[188][189][190][191]	√
Gabon	eVisa / Visa on arrival[192]	6 months	eVisas are available for one to six months. Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.[193] International Certificate of Vaccination required.[194]	X
Gambia	Visa required[195][196]		International Certificate of Vaccination required.[197]	√
Georgia	Visa not required[198]	1 year	Visitors must hold proof of health insurance.	X
Germany	Visa not required[199]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[200] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Ghana	Visa required[201][202]		International Certificate of Vaccination required.[203]	√
Greece	Visa not required[204][205]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[206] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Grenada	Visa not required[207][208]	3 months	Extensions possible	X
Guatemala	Visa not required[209]	90 days	An exit tax must be paid when departing by air.[210]	X
Guinea	eVisa[211]	up to 5 years	International Certificate of Vaccination required.[212]	X
Guinea-Bissau	eVisa / Visa on arrival[213]	90 days[214]	Visitors must apply for a visa on arrival in advance or online.[215]	X
Guyana	Visa not required[216]	3 months[217]		X
Haiti	Visa not required[218][219]	3 months		X
Honduras	Visa not required[220]	3 months	Departing airport tax applies.	X
Hungary	Visa not required[221][222]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[223] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Iceland	Visa not required[224][225]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[226] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
India	eVisa[227]	180 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 2] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 3][228] An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year. $100 fee along with bank surcharge of 2.5%[229] Confirmation has to be shown at the border where a visa on arrival is issued. Visitors are fingerprinted. American citizens are eligible for a ten-year, multiple-entry tourist visa.[230] American citizens of Pakistani heritage are not eligible for a ten-year, multiple-entry tourist visa, and must apply for a regular visa.	X
Indonesia	Visa not required[231][232]	30 days		X
Iran	Visa required[233]		Iranian visas must be obtained from the Special Interests section of the Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C. or an Iranian embassy all around the world [234] US visitors are fingerprinted and photographed upon entry.[235] Independent travelers must be accompanied by an authorized guide at all times. Tourist visa not required for Kish Island.[236]	√
Iraq	Visa required[237]		Some U.S. citizens must obtain an exit stamp at a Residency Office before departing the country. Some visitors who plan to stay for more than 10 days must also obtain a residency stamp.[238] Visitors who come as part of a government-sponsored tour, upon presentation of proper paperwork from the government, may receive a visa on arrival at Baghdad International Airport for $80 + 1250 Iraqi dinar. Visitors are not required to obtain any other permits, including for Iraqi Kurdistan, or submit blood tests.[239]	√
Ireland	Visa not required[240][241]	3 months	Strict application of immigration rules regarding providing proof of the trip purpose, sufficient funds, return ticket and accommodation.[242]	√
Israel	Visa not required[243]	3 months	Admission temporarily refused due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Dual nationals of Israel and the United States who don't have an Israeli passport, including infants, may be required to obtain an Israeli passport in order to leave Israel.[244] Entry prohibited for any person "who knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel".[245]	X
Italy	Visa not required[246][247]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[248] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Jamaica	Visa not required[249]	6 months	There is a departure tax for travelers, which is regularly included in airfare.[250]	X
Japan	Visa not required[251]	90 days	All visitors are fingerprinted[252]	√
Jordan	Visa on arrival[253]	30 days	Visa on arrival obtainable at most international ports of entry and at most international land border crossings (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge crossing).[254] Iris scan is taken on arrival and departure[255]	X
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[256][257]	30 days	As part of the no-visa pilot program in period 15 July 2014 – 15 July 2015. In June 2015 this program was extended until December 31, 2017.[258][259]	X
Kenya	eVisa / Visa on arrival[260]	3 months	International Certificate of Vaccination is recommended.[261] All visitors are fingerprinted on arrival and departure	X
Kiribati	Visa not required[262]	30 days	Airport Embarkation Tax applies.[263]	X
North Korea	Travel restricted[264][265][266]		U.S. passports holders must obtain a special passport validation from the U.S. federal government before travel.	√
South Korea	Visa not required[267]	90 days	All visitors are fingerprinted.[268]	√
Kuwait	eVisa / Visa on arrival[269]	3 months		X
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[270]	60 days[271]		X
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival[272][273]	30 days	Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 4] and at 13 border crossings[Note 5] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[274] Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020.[275] eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders. Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.	X
Latvia	Visa not required[276][277]	180 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[278] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45] A bilateral agreement pre-dating the Schengen area allows an additional 90 days of stay in Latvia (to a total of 180) regardless of days spent in other Schengen countries.[279]	√
Lebanon	Free visa on arrival[280]	1 month	Extendable for 2 additional months. Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket	X
Lesotho	Visa not required[281]	14 days	Extendable up to 180 days.[282]	X
Liberia	Visa required[283]		International Certificate of Vaccination required.[284]	√
Libya	Visa required[285]		Visitors travelling to Libya for touristic purposes are required to convert US$1,000 or equivalent on arrival. Holders of passports bearing an Israeli visa or entry/exit stamps from Israel are not allowed to enter Libya.[286]	√
Liechtenstein	Visa not required[287]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[288]	√
Lithuania	Visa not required[289][290]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45] Mandatory medical insurance.[291]	√
Luxembourg	Visa not required[292][293]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[294] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Madagascar	eVisa / Visa on arrival[295]	90 days		X
Malawi	eVisa / Visa on arrival[296][297]		From 1 October 2015 visitors are generally advised to obtain a visa in advance.[298]	X
Malaysia	Visa not required[299]	3 months	All visitors are fingerprinted on arrival and departure.[300] Immigration offenses, such as visa overstaying, are punishable by caning.	X
Maldives	Free visa on arrival[301][302]	30 days	Extendable up to 90 days.	X
Mali	Visa required[303][304]		Letter of invitation required. International Certificate of Vaccination required.[305]	√
Malta	Visa not required[306][307]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[308] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Marshall Islands	Visa not required[309]	unlimited	Departure fee applies. U.S. citizens may live and work freely in the Marshall Islands under the Compact of Free Association.[310]	√
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[311]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport. International Certificate of Vaccination required.[312]	X
Mauritius	Visa not required[313]	90 days[314]		X
Mexico	Visa not required[315][316]	180 days	Visitors entering by land and traveling farther than 20 kilometers into Mexico or staying longer than 72 hours must obtain a document Forma Migratoria Multiple.[317][318] Passport Card or Enhanced Drivers License valid for Land and Sea Travel	X
Micronesia	Visa not required[319]	unlimited[320]	All states except Yap have a departure fee.[321] U.S. citizens may live and work freely in Micronesia under the Compact of Free Association. There is no limit to the length of time U.S. citizens can remain in the FSM.[322]	√
Moldova	Visa not required[323]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period Registration upon arrival is mandatory.[324]	X
Monaco	Visa not required[325]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period[326][327]	√
Mongolia	Visa not required[328]	90 days	Registration required after 30 days.[329]	X
Montenegro	Visa not required[330]	90 days	Registration with the local police within 24 hours of arrival is mandatory.[331]	X
Morocco	Visa not required[332]	3 months[333]		X
Mozambique	Visa on arrival[334]	30 days[335]		X
Myanmar	eVisa[336]	28 days	eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. eVisa available for both tourism (allowed stay is 28 days) or business (allowed stay is 70 days) purposes.	X
Namibia	Visa not required[337]	3 months[338]		X
Nauru	Visa required[339]		Visas are issued with validity of 30 days.[340]	√
Nepal	Visa on arrival[341]	90 days	Obtainable at Tribhuvan International Airport and certain land borders. Total of no more than 150 aggregate days in any given calendar year.[342] Also available Multiple Entry 5 years Tourist Visa	X
Netherlands	Visa not required[343][344]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area (European Netherlands)[345] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
New Zealand	Electronic Travel Authority[346]	90 days[347]	May enter using eGate.[348] International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be obtained alongside Electronic Travel Authority.[349]	√
Nicaragua	Visa not required[350]	90 days	A tourist card must be purchased upon arrival.[351]	X
Niger	Visa required[352][353]		International Certificate of Vaccination required.[354]	√
Nigeria	Visa required[355][356]			√
North Macedonia	Visa not required[357]	90 days	Registration with the local police within 24 hours of arrival is mandatory[358]	X
Norway	Visa not required[359][360]	90 days	3 months within a 6 month period, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries, but including time spent in other Nordic countries[361][362] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Oman	eVisa[363]	30 days	Holders of a visa or entrance stamp of the Emirate of Dubai that is valid for at least 21 days are visa exempt.[364] Holders of a visa for Qatar that is valid for travel to Oman and valid for at least one month are visa exempt when arriving directly from Qatar.[365] Iris scan is taken on arrival.[255]	X
Pakistan	Online Visa[366]		Online Visa eligible.[367] Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[368]	X
Palau	Visa not required[369]	1 year[370]	U.S. citizens may live and work freely in Palau under the Compact of Free Association.	√
Panama	Visa not required[371]	180 days	Denial of entry or transit to any person who has a criminal conviction.[372]	X
Papua New Guinea	Free eVisa / Visa on arrival[373]	60 days	Extendable for 30 days[374] Visa on arrival is issued free of charge.	X
Paraguay	Visa on arrival[375]	90 days	U.S. citizens arriving by air may obtain a visa on arrival at Silvio Pettirossi International Airport in Asuncion. This is a multiple entry visa with a validity of up to 10 (ten) years. If entering elsewhere, a visa must be obtained in advance from the embassy or consulate.[376]	X
Peru	Visa not required[377]	183 days	Determined on arrival[378]	X
Philippines	Visa not required[379][380]	30 days	Naturalized US citizens of former Philippine nationality (balikbayan) allowed to stay for one year.	X
Poland	Visa not required[381]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45] Dual nationals must use their Polish passport[382] A bilateral agreement pre-dating the Schengen area allows a stay in Poland regardless of days spent in other Schengen countries.[383][384][191]	√
Portugal	Visa not required[385][386][387]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[388] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Qatar	Visa not required[389]	30 days		X
Romania	Visa not required[390][391]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period.[392] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	X
Russia	Visa required[393]		72-hour visa-free for international cruise ship/ferry passengers only if travelling with an organized tour and accompanied at all times by a tour operator. Registration required after 7 business days.[394][395] American citizens may receive multiple entry visas valid for three years.[396]	√
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[397][398]	30 days	Visitors are fingerprinted International Certificate of Vaccination required.[399]	X
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[400][401]	3 months		X
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[402][403]	6 weeks		X
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[404]	1 month[405]		X
Samoa	Visa not required[406]	60 days	Departure tax applies.[407]	X
San Marino	Visa not required[408][409]			√
São Tomé and Príncipe	Visa not required[410]	15 days	International Certificate of Vaccination required.[411]	X
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[412][413]	90 days		X
Senegal	Visa not required[414]	90 days	International Certificate of Vaccination required.[415]	X
Serbia	Visa not required[416]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period[417]	X
Seychelles	Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[418]	3 months	Extendable up to a year[419]	X
Sierra Leone	Visa on arrival[420]		International Certificate of Vaccination required.[421]	X
Singapore	Visa not required[422]	90 days[423]	All visitors are fingerprinted on arrival and departure[424]	√
Slovakia	Visa not required[425][426]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45] Medical insurance required. Sufficient funds of $50 per person per day required. Registration within 3 working days required.[427]	√
Slovenia	Visa not required[428][429]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45] Registration with the local police within 72 hours of arrival is mandatory.[430]	√
Solomon Islands	Free Visitor's permit on arrival[431]	3 months	3 months within 12 months[432]	X
Somalia	Visa on arrival[433]		Available at Berbera, Borama, Burao, Erigavo and Hargeisa airports. 30 days, available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.	X
South Africa	Visa not required[434]	90 days	Holders of passports without 2 blank pages may be refused entry.[435]	X
South Sudan	Visa required[436][437]		Two blank passport pages required.[438]	√
Spain	Visa not required[439][440]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.[441] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Visa on arrival[442]	30 days[443]		X
Sudan	Visa required[444][445]		Holders of passports that contain visas or entry/exit stamps for Israel will likely be refused entry. Exit visa required. Registration within 3 days mandatory.[446]	√
Suriname	E-tourist card[447]	90 days	Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[448]	X
Sweden	Visa not required[449][450]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.[451] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Switzerland	Visa not required[452][453]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.[454] Beginning in January 2021, ETIAS system will become mandatory for all Non-EU international travellers.[44][45]	√
Syria	Visa required[455][456]		Registration required within 15 days. Departure tax applies at all borders. Persons with passports bearing Israeli visas or entry/exit stamps are not allowed to enter.[457] Visas are not currently available to United States residents.[458]	√
Tajikistan	eVisa[459][460]	45 days	If arriving from a country that has a Tajik diplomatic mission a visa should be obtained in advance. eVisa holders can enter through all border points.[461]	X
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[462][463][464]	3 months	Ordinary visa available on arrival for $100[465]	X
Thailand	Visa not required[466]	30 days	Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.	X
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[467]	30 days	For arrivals by air only[468]	X
Togo	Visa on arrival[469]	7 days[470]		X
Tonga	Free visa on arrival[471][472]	31 days		X
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa not required[473]	90 days[474]		X
Tunisia	Visa not required[475]	90 days[476]		X
Turkey	eVisa[477][478]	3 months		X
Turkmenistan	Visa required[479]		Departure fee applies.[480] 10-day visa on arrival if holding letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the Foreign Ministry.[481]	√
Tuvalu	Free visa on arrival[482]	1 month	Extendable up to 3 months[483] Visa on arrival is issued free of charge.	X
Uganda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[484]	90 days	Determined at the port of entry. Must apply online at least 2 business days or more prior to travel.[485] As of March 2017, airlines were refusing passengers permission to board flights to Uganda if they did not have a print-out of the document showing that they had successfully applied for an eVisa. Ugandan immigration authorities also may require additional documentation, including proof of a return plane ticket and detailed tour itinerary in Uganda. International Certificate of Vaccination required.[486]	X
Ukraine	Visa not required[487]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period[488]	X
United Arab Emirates	Free visa on arrival[489][490]	30 days	Extension possible with a fee Iris scan taken on arrival U.S. passport holders can sign up for E-Gate access on arrival/departure at Dubai International Airport	X
United Kingdom	Visa not required[491][492]	6 months[493]		√
Uruguay	Visa not required[494]	3 months[495]		X
Uzbekistan	eVisa[496][497]	30 days	5-day visa-free transit when in transit at the international airports on condition of holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[498] Registration within 3 days is mandatory.[499]	X
Vanuatu	Visa not required[500]	30 days	Extendable up to 120 days[501]	X
Vatican City	Visa not required[502]			X
Venezuela	Visa required[503]			√
Vietnam	eVisa[503]	30 days	A single entry eVisa is available.[504] Phú Quốc visa exemption for up to 30 days.[505][506]	X
Yemen	Visa required[507][508]		Registration mandatory. Exit visa required for stays over 30 days.[509]	√
Zambia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[510]	90 days	Exact period determined on arrival, later extendable free of charge. All visitors are fingerprinted. Two blank pages required International Certificate of Vaccination required.[511] Electronic visa also available.[512]	X
Zimbabwe	eVisa / Visa on arrival[513]	3 months	Tourism purposes only.[514] Electronic visa also available.[515]	X

Territories or administrative subdivisions with different visa policies

Visa requirements for United States citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries not mentioned in the list above, recognized administrative subdivisions that operate on different visa policies and restricted zones:

Africa
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Eritrea outside Asmara	Travel permit required		To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[516]
Ascension Island	eVisa[517][518]	3 months	3 months within any year period
Saint Helena	Visitor's Pass required		Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[519]
Tristan da Cunha	Permission required		Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[520]
Mayotte	Visa not required[521]	90 days
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Undefined		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days	30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[522][523]
Réunion	Visa not required[524]	90 days
Sudan outside Khartoum	Travel permit required		All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur	Travel permit required		Separate travel permit is required.[438]
Asia
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
British Indian Ocean Territory	Special permit required		Special permit required.[525]
Hainan	Visa required		Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (2 or more people)[526][527]
Hong Kong	Visa not required	3 months[528]
India PAP/RAP	PAP/RAP required		Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[529][530][531][532][533][534]
Iraqi Kurdistan	Visa on arrival		Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[237]
Baikonur & Priozersk	Special permission required		Special permission required for the city of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Priozersk near Almaty.[535]
Kish Island	Visa not required		Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[235]
Macau	Visa not required	30 days[536]
Sabah and Sarawak	Visa not required		These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[537]
Maldives outside Malé	Permission required		Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of the Maldives.[538]
Mecca and Medina	Special access required		Non-Muslims and those following the Ahmadiyya religious movement are strictly prohibited from entry.
North Sentinel Island	Restricted zone
Palestine	Visa not required		Travel to Gaza Strip may be restricted .[539]
Taiwan	Visa not required	90 days[540]	Visitors fingerprinted
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province	OIVR permit required		OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[541][542][543]
Tibet Autonomous Region	TTP required		Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[544][545][546]
Closed cities of Turkmenistan	Special permit required		A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[547]
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone
Phú Quốc	Visa not required	30 days[505]
Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden	Special permission required		Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[509]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Anguilla	Visa not required	3 months[548]
Aruba	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any year period[549][550] 90 days in Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten combined
Bermuda	Visa not required	6 months	Decided on arrival.[551]
(Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba)	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any year period[552][553] 90 days in Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten combined
British Virgin Islands	Visa not required	30 days	Extensions possible[554]
Cayman Islands	Visa not required	6 months[555]
San Andrés and Leticia	Tourist Card on arrival		Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[556]
Curaçao	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any year period[557] 90 days in Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten combined
French West Indies	Visa not required	3 months	French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy[558]
Greenland	Visa not required[559]
Margarita Island	Visa required[560]		All visitors are fingerprinted.[561]
Montserrat	Visa not required	6 months
Sint Maarten	Visa not required	90 days	90 days in 1 year[562][563] 90 days in Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten combined
Turks and Caicos Islands	Visa not required	90 days[564]
Europe
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Abkhazia	Visa required[565]
Mount Athos	Special permit required		Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[566][567]
ATO zone	Special permission required[568]
Brest and Grodno	Visa not required	10 days[569]
Crimea	Visa required		Visa issued by Russia is required.[570]
Donetsk People's Republic	Restricted area		Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[571][572]
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Visa not required	3 months[573][574]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	Access Permit required[575]		Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Faroe Islands	Visa not required[559]
Gibraltar	Visa not required[576]
Guernsey	Visa not required[577]
Isle of Man	Visa not required[578]
Jan Mayen	Permit required[576]	24 hours	Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[579] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[580]
Jersey	Visa not required[581]
Kosovo	Visa not required	90 days[582]
Lugansk People's Republic	Restricted area		Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[571][572]
Artsakh	Visa required[583][584]		Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[585]
Closed cities of Russia	Special authorization required		Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[395]
South Ossetia	Visa not required		Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[586][587]
Svalbard	Visa not required[588]	Unlimited	Svalbard Treaty
Transnistria	Visa not required	24 hours	Registration required after 24h.[589][590]
Oceania
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
American Samoa	Freedom of movement	Unlimited	Proof of citizenship is required for entry. U.S. citizens may live and work freely in American Samoa.[591]
Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Special authorisation required		Special authorisation required.[592]
Clipperton Island	Special permit required		Special permit required.[593]
Cook Islands	Visa not required	31 days[594]
Lau Province	Special permission required		Special permission required.[181]
French Polynesia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period[595]
Guam	Freedom of movement	Unlimited	U.S. citizens and American Samoan citizens may live and work freely in Guam. Proof of citizenship is required for entry.[596][597]
Niue	Visa on arrival	30 days[598]
Northern Mariana Islands	Freedom of movement	Unlimited	U.S. citizens and American Samoan citizens may live and work freely in the Northern Mariana Islands. Proof of citizenship is required for entry.[599]
Pitcairn Islands	Visa not required	14 days	Visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[600][601][602]
Tokelau	Entry permit required[603]
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Special permits required		Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[604][605][606][607][608][609][610]
South America
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Galápagos	Pre-registration required		Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[611]
French Guiana	Visa not required	3 months[612]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Falkland Islands	Visa not required		Visa is not required.[613]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Permit required		Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[614][615]
Antarctica	Special permits required		Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[616][617][618][619][620][621][622][623][624][625][626][627]

Passport card

The United States Passport Card can be used as an alternative to the passport booklet only when travelling to and from Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, and Caribbean islands at maritime ports-of-entry or land border crossings. The card is not valid for air travel whatsoever; if traveling by air, the passport book is required.[628]

APEC Travel Business Card

The APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) is meant to facilitate travel for U.S. citizens engaged in verified business in the APEC region.[629]

The U.S. ABTC should enable access to a dedicated fast-track lane for expedited immigration processing at some participating foreign APEC member airports.[630] U.S. APEC Business Travel Card holders may also use the Global Entry kiosks at participating airports upon their U.S. return.[631] However, the U.S. APEC Business Travel Card cannot be used in lieu of a visa to enter an APEC member country in the way that some other countries’ APEC cards can be used in lieu of visas. This is because the U.S. has decided not to participate in the visa reciprocity part of the program because the US government is unwilling to waive visa interviews.[632] The program was initially set to expire on 30 September 2018, but the November 2017 signing of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Travel Cards Act of 2017 (S. 504) ensured it would permanently remain.[633]

Consular protection of U.S. citizens abroad

American diplomatic missions (in the year 2007), including embassies (blue), interests sections, and other representations (light blue)

The United States has the most diplomatic missions of any country in the world.
See also List of diplomatic missions of the United States and List of diplomatic missions in the United States.

The Department of State regularly publishes travel warnings or travel alerts.

Non-visa restrictions

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[634] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Main article: Carte Jaune

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[635]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[636]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[637] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[638] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[639]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[640][641] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[642]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[643] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[644] Lebanon,[645] Libya,[646] Sudan,[647] Syria,[648] and Yemen[649] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[650]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Main article: Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[651][652]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[653] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[654] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[655] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[656]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[657][658] Argentina,[659] Brunei, Cambodia,[660] China,[661] Ethiopia,[662] Ghana, Guinea,[663] India, Japan,[664][665] Kenya (fingerprints and photo),[666] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[667] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[668] Singapore, South Korea,[669] Taiwan, Thailand,[670] Uganda[671] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[672] [673] [674] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[675]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[676] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[677][678] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[679] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[680][681]

Foreign travel statistics

These are the numbers of visits by U.S. nationals to various countries in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):

Destination	Number of visitors
American Samoa[note 1][682]	17,560
Angola[683]	17,259
Anguilla[note 2][684]	44,983
Antarctica[note 2][685]	14,893
Antigua and Barbuda[note 2][686]	96,347
Aruba[note 3][687]	576,793
Australia[note 2][688]	781,000
Austria[note 4][note 1][689]	702,900
Azerbaijan[note 2][690]	15,178
Bahamas[note 1][691]	1,159,259
Barbados[note 4][note 1][692]	168,945
Belgium[note 1][693]	299,907
Belize[note 1][note 4][694]	254,544
Bermuda[note 2][695]	551,976
Bhutan[note 2][696]	9,220
Bolivia[note 1][697]	58,403
Bosnia and Herzegovina[note 2][698]	25,926
Botswana[699]	49,451
Brazil[note 2][700]	475,232
British Virgin Islands[note 5][701]	442,434
Bulgaria[note 2][702]	90,963
Burkina Faso[note 1][703]	5,611
Cambodia[note 1][704]	238,658
Cameroon[note 3][note 4][705]	13,280
Canada[note 2][706]	24,335,415
Cape Verde[note 4][707]	4,282
Cayman Islands[note 2][note 6][708]	340,955
Chile[note 2][709]	211,718
China[note 2][710][711]	2,312,900
Colombia[note 2][712]	529,013
Congo[note 7][713]	5,352
Cook Islands[note 2][714][715]	8,372
Costa Rica[note 2][716]	1,199,241
Croatia[note 2][717]	451,947
Cuba[718]	91,254
Curacao[note 1][719]	59,714
Cyprus[note 2][720]	25,388
Czech Republic[note 4][note 2][721]	539,023
Dominica[722]	17,773
Dominican Republic[note 2][723]	2,073,963
Dutch Caribbean:[note 3][note 6][724]  Bonaire  Saba  Sint Eustatius	5,900 2,000 2,700 1,200
Ecuador[note 3][725]	259,406
El Salvador[note 8][726]	447,628
Estonia[note 4][note 2][727]	38,381
Fiji[note 2][728]	81,198
Finland[note 4][note 2][729]	124,997
France[730]	3,622,362
French Polynesia[note 2][731]	51,095
Gambia[note 7][732]	4,058
Georgia[note 2][733]	42,645
Germany[note 1][734]	2,558,495
Greece[735]	750,250
Greenland[note 1][736][737]	2,767
Grenada[note 2][738]	67,250
Guam[note 2][note 6][739]	77,058
Guatemala[note 3][740]	447,140
Guyana[note 9][741]	82,966
Haiti[note 10][742]	266,793
Hong Kong[note 2][743]	1,215,629
Hungary[note 4][note 1][744]	275,314
Iceland[note 2][745]	576,403
Indonesia[note 1][746]	316,782
India[note 2][747]	1,376,919
Ireland[note 1][748]	1,294,000
Israel[note 2][749]	778,600
Italy[note 1][750]	3,567,000
Jamaica[note 2][751]	1,509,963
Japan[note 2][752]	1,375,000
Jordan[note 1][753]	166,441
Kazakhstan[note 2][754]	29,632
Kiribati[note 2][714][755]	1,319
Kyrgyzstan[note 2][756]	14,200
Laos[note 2][757]	38,765
Latvia[note 4][note 2][758]	44,760
Lebanon[note 1][759]	154,095
Lesotho[note 1][760]	10,026
Lithuania[note 1][761]	35,300
Luxembourg[note 1][note 4][762]	32,144
Macau[note 2][763]	186,378
Macedonia[note 1][note 4][764]	11,495
Madagascar[765]	4,165
Malaysia[note 2][766]	198,203
Maldives[note 2][767]	39,180
Malta[note 2][768]	35,758
Malawi[note 11][769]	36,386
Mali[note 3][770]	4,479
Martinique[note 9][771]	6,463
Marshall Islands[note 2][714]	1,546
Mauritius[note 2][772]	9,655
Mexico[note 2][note 6][773]	10,340,463
Micronesia[note 2][714][774]	6,906
Moldova[note 2][775]	21,878
Mongolia[note 2][776]	16,684
Montenegro[note 4][note 1][777]	18,874
Montserrat[note 9][778]	1,665
Myanmar[note 1][779]	76,502
Namibia[780]	26,339
Nepal[781]	42,687
Netherlands[note 2][782]	1,450,000
New Caledonia[note 2][714]	639
New Zealand[note 2][783]	330,128
Niue[note 2][714][784]	239
Nicaragua[note 1][785]	288,538
Northern Mariana Islands[note 2][786]	8,528
Oman[note 2][787]	58,598
Pakistan[note 1][788]	73,129
Palau[note 2][714]	7,546
Panama[789]	338,590
Papua New Guinea[note 1][790]	12,181
Paraguay[791]	19,479
Peru[note 2][792]	598,685
Philippines[note 2][793]	957,813
Poland[note 1][794]	474,100
Qatar[note 2][795]	101,144
Romania[note 1][796]	175,667
Russia[note 2][797]	293,011
São Tomé and Príncipe[note 12][798]	154
Saint Lucia[799]	152,738
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[800]	22,324
Samoa[note 2][714][801]	10,177
Serbia[note 2][note 4][802]	34,169
Seychelles[803]	6,038
Singapore[note 2][804]	565,250
Sint Maarten[note 9][805]	236,379
Slovakia[note 1][note 4][806]	45,670
Slovenia[note 2][note 4][807]	95,863
Solomon Islands[note 2][808]	1,623
South Africa[809]	297,226
South Korea[note 2][810]	868,881
Spain[note 2][811]	2,650,068
Sri Lanka[note 2][812]	57,479
Suriname[note 2][813]	6,827
Swaziland[note 1][814]	18,014
Taiwan[note 2][815]	577,628
Tanzania[note 1][816]	86,860
Thailand[note 2][817]	1,056,124
Timor-Leste[note 2][714][note 13][818]	2,557
Tonga[note 2][714][819]	8,761
Trinidad and Tobago[note 3][820]	161,539
Tunisia[note 5][821]	13,896
Turkey[note 2][822]	329,257
Turks and Caicos[823]	315,247
Tuvalu[note 2][714][824]	138
Uganda[note 1][825]	57,959
Ukraine[note 2][826]	153,778
United Arab Emirates[note 2][827]	633,000
United Kingdom[note 2][828]	3,308,000
Uzbekistan[note 14][829]	1,200
Vanuatu[note 2][714]	3,016
Venezuela[note 5][830]	70,457
Vietnam[note 2][831]	614,117
Zambia[note 14][832]	38,496
Zimbabwe[833]	66,577

1. Data for 2016
2. Data for 2017
3. Data for 2014
4. Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
5. Data for 2013
6. Data for arrivals by air only.
7. Data for 2012
8. Excluding one-day visits
9. Data for 2010
10. Data for 2007
11. Data for 2009
12. Data for 2005
13. Data for arrivals by air only.
14. Data for 2015

See also

• Visa policy of the United States
• United States passport
• Bureau of Consular Affairs
• United States Passport Card
• List of nationalities forbidden at border

Notes

1. Using dense ranking.
2. • Ahmedabad
   • Amritsar
   • Bagdogra
   • Bengaluru
   • Chandigarh
   • Chennai
   • Coimbatore
   • Delhi
   • Gaya
   • Goa
   • Guwahati
   • Hyderabad
   • Jaipur
   • Kochi
   • Kolkata
   • Kozhikode
   • Lucknow
   • Madurai
   • Mangaluru
   • Mumbai
   • Nagpur
   • Pune
   • Thiruvananthapuram
   • Tiruchirappalli
   • Varanasi
   • Visakhapatnam
3. • Cochin
   • Goa
   • Mangalore
4. • Vientiane
   • Savannakhet
   • Khammuan
   • Bokeo
5. • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
   • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
   • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
   • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
   • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
   • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
   • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
   • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
   • Boten - Bo han (China)
   • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
   • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
   • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
   • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)

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367. "Tourist Visa".
368. "Business Visa On Arrival".
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381. Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
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409. "Border formalities - Ufficio di Stato per il Turismo".
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411. "Sao Tome and Principe Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
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415. "Senegal Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
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419. "Seychelles Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
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421. "Sierra Leone Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
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432. "Solomon Islands Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
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435. "South Africa Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
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437. "South Sudan".
438. "Republic of South Sudan Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
439. Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
440. "Information for Foreigners".
441. "Spain Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
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443. "Sri Lanka Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
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445. "Sudan".
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451. "Sweden Country Specific Information – Entry/Exit Requirements for U.S. Citizens". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
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456. "Syria".
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External links

• Official U.S. Government database, Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State