Visa policy of China

Visitors to the mainland of the People's Republic of China must obtain a visa from one of the Chinese diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries. The two Special Administrative Regions – Hong Kong and Macau – maintain their own independent border control policies and thus have their own separate visa requirements.[1]

Chinese Q2 visa for family visits issued after Nov. 2018 in London

Chinese X1 visa for long-term (more than 6 months) study, issued in Manchester on a British passport

Wet-ink version of a type L visa issued in 1989 by the Exit and Entry Administration on a U.S. passport

Entry and exit stamps of China issued to an booklet-type Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau at Guangzhou East railway station.

Chinese visas are issued both outside China, by the Chinese diplomatic missions, and in China, by the Exit and Entry Administrations (EEAs) of the county-level Public Security Bureaus (PSBs).[2] In order to enter China, however, a non-Chinese national should apply to the visa-issuing authorities outside China for a Chinese visa.[3] Because Hong Kong and Macau maintain their independent border control policies, ordinary Chinese visas are valid for Mainland China only and are not valid for Hong Kong or Macau, so travelers must apply for separate visas for Hong Kong or Macau should they require one for traveling to these regions.

The government of the People's Republic of China allows holders of normal passports issued by some countries to travel to Mainland China for tourism or business purposes for up to 15, 30 or 90 days without having to obtain a visa. Visitors of other nationalities, as well as residents of Hong Kong and Macau, are required to obtain either a visa or a permit prior to arrival, depending on their nationality. In order to increase the numbers of tourists visiting the country, some ports of entry of China allow nationals of certain countries to visit specified regions within 72 or 144 hours if they are in transit to a third country.[4] In 2014 the PRC government announced its intention to sign mutual visa facilitation and visa-free agreements with more countries in the future.[5] Since then, a number of such agreements were concluded with some countries.

All non-Chinese travelers as well as Hong Kong and Macau permanent residents who stay in Mainland China for more than 24 hours must register with the local PSBs. When staying in a hotel, the registration is usually done as a part of the check-in process. When staying in a private home, however, the visitor must physically report to the local PSB within 24 hours of arrival for cities or 72 hours for rural areas. All visa-free passengers, including those in transit who stay for more than 24 hours, must adhere to the rule, as failure to comply can result in a fine or being detained by PSB for up to 15 days.[6] Since January 2018, persons who failed to register with the local PSBs will be banned from using visa-free transit for a period of 2 years from the day the offence was recorded.[7]

Starting from 9 February 2017, holders of non-Chinese travel documents aged between 14 and 70 will be fingerprinted upon entry, with the exception of holders of diplomatic passports. This new policy has started in Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport and will gradually roll out in all border checkpoints and international airports before the end of 2017.[8]

Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19, on March 28 the Chinese government temporarily suspended entry into China by foreign nationals, even those holding visas or residence permits. All specific visa regulations and entry by foreign nationals with APEC Business Travel Cards are also suspended until further notice.[9]

Eligible nationalities for visa-free entry

Arrival Card for non-Chinese travel document holders

Visa policy of China for holders of ordinary passports

Visa-free for ordinary passports

Holders of ordinary passports issued by the following 18 countries do not need a visa to enter China as long as their trip does not last longer than the visa-free period listed below. All of these countries have concluded mutual visa-free agreements with China, except for Brunei, Japan and Singapore, to which China offers unilateral waivers.

90 days  Armenia^1  Bosnia and Herzegovina^1  San Marino 60 days  Mauritius 30 days  Bahamas  Barbados  Belarus^2  Ecuador  Fiji  Grenada  Qatar  Serbia  Seychelles  Tonga  United Arab Emirates 15 days  Brunei  Japan  Singapore

_{1 – Up to 90 days within any 180-day period.
2 – Up to 90 days within any year period.}

Date of visa changes
22 Jul 1985: San Marino[10] 1 Jul 2003: Brunei,[11] Japan[12] and Singapore[11][13][14] (unilateral) 26 Jun 2013: Seychelles[15] 31 Oct 2013: Mauritius[16][17] 12 Feb 2014: Bahamas[18] 14 Mar 2015: Fiji[19] 10 Jun 2015: Grenada[20] 18 Aug 2016: Ecuador[21] 19 Aug 2016: Tonga[22] 15 Jan 2017: Serbia[23] 1 Jun 2017: Barbados[24] 16 January 2018: United Arab Emirates[25] 29 May 2018: Bosnia and Herzegovina[26] 10 August 2018: Belarus[27] 21 December 2018: Qatar 19 January 2020: Armenia[28]

Visa-free for Passport for Public Affairs or its equivalents

The list includes countries which had signed visa-free agreements with China for holders of passports for public affairs or ordinary passports endorsed for public affairs. Exceptions are listed below.[29]

Armenia^1  Azerbaijan  Bangladesh  Benin  Bolivia  Bosnia and Herzegovina^1  Burundi  Comoros  Congo  Djibouti  Eritrea  Ethiopia  Fiji^1  Gabon  Georgia  Grenada^1  Guinea  Ivory Coast  Mali  Mauritania

Mauritius^1  Moldova  Mongolia^2  Nigeria  North Korea^3  North Macedonia  Pakistan  Senegal  Serbia^1  Seychelles^1  Singapore^1  Tajikistan  Timor-Leste  Togo  Turkmenistan  United Arab Emirates^1  Vietnam^4  Venezuela

_{1 - Visa exempt in general.
2 - Visa free only for holders of "E-series" normal passports.
3 - Visa free for both "Passport For Public Affairs" or "Passport For Official Trip". Visa free also applies to collective passports for public affairs.
4 - Visa free only if the passport for public affairs has a sheet attached on the visa page showing in red capitals "AB" and an additional validity date.}

Visa-free for other types of non-ordinary passports

Visa policy of China for holders of various categories of official passports

  China

  Diplomatic, official, service or special passports

  Diplomatic, service or special passports

  Diplomatic, official or service passports

  Diplomatic or service passports

  Diplomatic or official passports

  Diplomatic or special passports

  Diplomatic passports

Under reciprocal agreements, holders of diplomatic, official, service, special passports or laissez-passers issued by the following jurisdictions are allowed to enter and remain in China for up to 30 days (unless otherwise noted).[29]

All European Union citizens^1 ^D ^LP (conditional for Ireland)  Afghanistan ^D  Albania ^D ^S  Algeria ^D ^S  Angola ^D ^S  Argentina ^D ^O  Armenia ^D ^S  Azerbaijan ^D ^S  Bahamas ^D ^O  Bahrain^2 ^D ^Sp  Bangladesh ^D ^O  Barbados ^D ^O  Belarus ^D ^S  Benin ^D ^S  Bolivia ^D ^O  Bosnia-Herzegovina ^D ^S  Botswana ^D ^O  Brazil ^D ^O  Brunei ^D ^O  Bulgaria ^D ^S  Burkina Faso^2 ^D ^S  Burundi ^D ^S  Cambodia ^D ^S  Cameroon ^D ^S  Cape Verde ^D ^S  Chile ^D ^O  Colombia ^D ^O  Comoros ^D ^O  Congo ^D ^S  Costa Rica ^D ^S  Croatia ^D ^O ^S  Cuba ^D ^O ^S  Cyprus ^D ^S  Djibouti ^D ^S  Dominica ^D ^O  Ecuador ^D ^O ^S  Egypt ^D ^Sp  Equatorial Guinea ^D ^O ^Sp  Eritrea^3 ^D ^S  Ethiopia ^D ^S  Fiji ^D ^S  Gabon ^D ^S  Gambia ^D ^O  Georgia ^D ^S  Ghana ^D ^S  Grenada ^D ^O  Grenada ^D ^O  Guinea ^D ^S  Guyana ^D ^O  Hungary ^D ^S  Iceland ^D  Indonesia ^D ^S  Iran ^D ^S  Iraq ^D  Ireland^4 ^D ^O  Israel ^D ^S  Ivory Coast ^D ^S  Jamaica ^D ^O  Jordan ^D ^S ^Sp  Kazakhstan ^D ^S  Kenya ^D ^O  Kuwait ^D ^Sp  Kyrgyzstan ^D ^S  Laos ^D ^O  Lesotho ^D ^O  Liberia ^D  Lithuania ^D ^S  Malaysia ^D ^O  Maldives ^D ^S  Mali^2 ^D ^S  Malta ^D ^S  Mauritania ^D ^S  Mauritius ^D ^S  Mexico ^D ^O  Moldova ^D ^S  Monaco^1 ^D  Mongolia ^D ^S  Montenegro ^D ^S  Morocco^3 ^D ^S ^Sp  Mozambique ^D ^S  Myanmar ^D ^O    Nepal ^D ^O  Niger ^D ^S  Nigeria ^D ^S  North Korea ^D ^O  North Macedonia ^D ^S  Norway^1 ^D  Oman ^D ^S ^Sp  Pakistan ^D ^O  Panama ^D ^S  Papua New Guinea ^D ^S  Peru ^D ^Sp  Philippines ^D ^O  Poland ^D ^S  Romania ^D ^S  Russia ^D ^S  Rwanda ^D ^S  Samoa ^D ^O  San Marino^2 ^D ^S  Sao Tome and Principe ^D ^S ^Sp  Senegal ^D ^S  Serbia ^D ^S  Seychelles ^D ^S  Sierra Leone ^D ^S  Singapore ^D ^O  Slovakia ^D ^S ^Sp  Slovenia ^D ^S  South Africa ^D ^S  South Korea ^D ^O  South Sudan ^D ^Sp  Sri Lanka ^D ^O  Sudan ^D ^O ^S  Suriname ^D ^S   Switzerland^2 ^D  Tajikistan ^D ^S  Tanzania ^D ^S  Thailand ^D ^O  Timor-Leste ^D ^S  Togo ^D ^S  Tonga ^D ^O  Trinidad and Tobago ^D ^O  Tunisia ^D ^Sp  Turkey ^D ^S ^Sp  Turkmenistan ^D ^S  Ukraine ^D ^S  United Arab Emirates ^D ^S  United Kingdom^5 ^D ^O  Uruguay ^D ^O ^S  Uzbekistan ^D  Venezuela ^D ^S  Vietnam ^D ^S  Zimbabwe ^D ^S

_{D — diplomatic passports
O — official passports
S — service passports
Sp — special passports
LP — laissez-passers
1 – 90 days in 180 days, for EU countries not otherwise indicated
2 – 90 days
3 – 60 days
4 – only when accompanying a Minister of the Irish government on an official visit for official passport holders
5 – only when containing a "Visa Exempted" label for official passport holders}

Visa exemption agreement for diplomatic and service category passports were signed with the following countries and they are to be ratified:

•  Dominican Republic[30] in November 2018

Merchant seamen

All merchant seamen who benefit from the visa waiver must travel on duty and hold the following documents:

• a Port Visa Notification;
• a Letter of Employment or Letter of Guarantee issued by a Chinese shipping company;
• a seaman book; and,
• onward tickets and all documents required for their next destination if they are arriving by air in order to board a ship, or arriving by ship and proceeding to the airport.

Merchant seamen from the 11 visa-free countries can enter China without a visa if they satisfy the conditions listed above.

Merchant Seamen from the following countries can also enter China without a visa if they satisfy the conditions listed above:[1]

Lithuania^1  Poland  Russia^1  Ukraine

_{1 - For those arriving China by ship only.}

APEC Business Travel Card

Holders of passports issued by the following countries who possess an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) containing the code "CHN" on the back of the card can enter China visa-free for business trips for up to 60 days.[1]

ABTCs are issued to nationals of:[31]

Australia  Brunei  Chile  Indonesia  Japan  South Korea  Malaysia  Mexico

New Zealand  Papua New Guinea  Peru  Philippines  Russia  Singapore  Thailand  Vietnam

ABTCs are also issued to permanent residents of Hong Kong, however permanent residents with Chinese nationality are required to use their Home Return Permits instead. Only holders of non-Chinese passports can use the card to enter Mainland China.

Although Taiwan is a member of this program, its nationals are also not allowed to use ABTC to enter Mainland China, instead they are required to use Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents.

Entry procedures for residents of Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and nationals of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

Due to the complicated Cross-Strait relations between Mainland China with People's Republic of China (PRC) government and Taiwan, which is governed by the Republic of China (ROC) administration, as well as the One Country, Two Systems policy, travelers who are citizens of Taiwan region, Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions, cannot use their passports to enter Mainland China if they are nationals of PRC and/or ROC. Instead, they are required to hold different types of permits/travel documents listed below when traveling to Mainland China.

Overview

Nationality	Residency	Travel with...	Validity	Number of entries	Duration of stay
People's Republic of China	Hong Kong  Macao	Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents (Home Return Permit)[1]	10 years (for adults)	Multiple	Unlimited stay
			5 years (for minors under 18)
		Exit and Entry Permit	3 months	Single	3 months
Republic of China	Taiwan	Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents (Taiwan Compatriot Permit)[1]	5 years	Multiple	Up to 5 years
			3 months	Single	3 months
	None (Nationals without household registration)	Chinese Travel Document	2 years (maximum)	Multiple	Up to 2 years

Residents of Hong Kong or Macau Special Administrative Regions (SARs)

Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR are constituents of China. Under the One Country, Two Systems arrangement, both SARs maintain their own immigration policies, which are vastly different from those of Mainland China, and individual border controls, which separate the territories from the Mainland. The Chinese government, however, does not consider Chinese nationals with resident status of Hong Kong and Macau traveling to China as international travelers, and hence the SAR passports (or ethnic Chinese holding British National (Overseas) passports) cannot be used when entering or transiting through China, regardless of whether they are arriving from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan or from overseas.[1]

Therefore, in order to enter Mainland China, all permanent residents and some non-permanent residents of Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR with Chinese nationality are required to apply for a Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents (commonly called a "Home Return Permit"), a travel document which also serves as the de facto ID card in Mainland China. The permit is valid for five years for individuals under 18, or 10 years for those over 18. All first-time applicants must submit their applications to the China Travel Service (CTS) branch in Hong Kong or Macau while subsequent renewals of the permit can be done in either Mainland China or the two SARs.[32] It is not possible to apply or renew the permit outside the PRC. Holders of the permit can enter Mainland China regardless of purpose of entry and can remain in Mainland China indefinitely, although their social benefits are restricted unlike Chinese nationals with residency in Mainland China. Home Return Permit holders also need to obtain an employment authorization from the municipal governments in order to work legally in Mainland China.[33]

Those who need to travel to Mainland China urgently but do not have a valid Home Return Permit can apply for a Chinese Exit and Entry Permit, also only through the CTS, in Hong Kong or Macau or at the ports of Luohu and Huanggang.[34] The Exit and Entry Permit is valid for three months and only good for a single trip to Mainland China.[35] Unlike ROC nationals, there is no permit-on-arrival service at other ports of entry for SAR passport holders, and those seeking to enter Mainland China who arrived at a port of entry without acceptable documentations for entering will be denied entry and removed from Mainland China.

Taiwan

The PRC government also does not recognize the ruling of Taiwan (under the Republic of China administration), and considers all territories controlled by ROC as part of China. Hence, traveling between Taiwan and Mainland China are also not considered by Chinese government as international travel. As a result, Taiwan passports are not accepted for entry and transit through Mainland China, and ROC nationals with right of abode in Taiwan ("right of abode" is defined as the eligibility of holding a sign Taiwanese National ID Card) are required to apply for a Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents, commonly known as "Taiwan Compatriot Permit", before visiting Mainland China.

The 5-year permit, which also serves as the de facto ID card in Mainland China, can be applied from travel agencies in Taiwan and CTS in Hong Kong or Macau. Holders of the permit are allowed to enter Mainland China for any purpose and remain in Mainland China until the expiration date of the permit (up to five years). Those who have settled in Mainland China, however, may elect to renew their permits in Mainland China, and they can continue to reside in Mainland China provided that their permits do not expire. A 30-day stay for each visit to Hong Kong is also permitted with the strength of the permit. Like Home Return Permit holders, holders of Taiwan Compatriot Permit also require to obtain a separate employment authorization before working in Mainland China. They can, however, enjoy social benefits in certain municipalities like Shanghai once they have legally settled in Mainland China, some of which are only offered to local residents.[36][37]

For those who have never held a 5-year permit or whose permit has expired, single-entry Taiwan Compatriot Permits may be applied on arrival at some airports. Those who have entered China with single-entry Taiwan Compatriot Permits can apply for a long-term permit at the local EEA office.[38]

Applications outside the Greater China Region

As these two permits can only be applied and renewed from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, residents of Hong Kong and Macau as well as all ROC nationals (including those without right of abode in Taiwan) can apply for a passport-like Chinese Travel Document through the Chinese foreign missions if their permits are expired or if they are residing outside the Greater China region and have never applied for the permits. The travel document is valid for up to two years. Those who also have multiple citizenship with other countries, however, are not eligible to apply for the travel document, and they must use their non-SAR or non-ROC passports (along with appropriate visas) to travel to Mainland China, or they can apply for Home Return Permits or Taiwan Compatriot Permits if they are physically in Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan and they are eligible to do so.

Other visa-free arrangements

Chinese Visa Waiver Programs

Tour group

Citizens of the following countries may visit China without a visa for up to 30 days if traveling as part of a tour group that is accompanied by a representative of a tour operator registered in both countries:[1]

Azerbaijan  Georgia  Moldova  Russia  Turkmenistan

Crew members

Citizens of the following countries may visit China without a visa if they are traveling as airline crew:[1]

Luxembourg  United Arab Emirates^1

_{1 - only when traveling on duty with Emirates Airlines.}

Nationals of  Russia who hold an identity certificate for suite stewards on international trains can enter visa-free.[39]

In addition, a visa is not required for crew members of airlines that have an agreement with the Chinese government exempting crew members from visa requirements.

Visa-free transit

There are two types of transit-without-visa (TWOV) programs in Mainland China: the 24-hour TWOV, available to passengers of most nationalities at most ports of entry; and the 72/144-hour TWOV, available to certain nationalities and only through specific ports of entry.

24-hour transit

Under the 24-hour TWOV policy, visa is not required for travelers who:[1][40][41]

• hold a passport valid for at least 3 months from the date of entry;
• arrive by air, cruise ship or train (except for arriving at certain airports listed below);
• hold confirmed air, cruise ship or train tickets to a third-country final destination outside Mainland China departing in 24 hours (standby tickets are not allowed); and,
• depart Mainland China on a flight, cruise ship or train within 24 hours after arrival.

The 24-hour transit rule allows multiple stops within Mainland China for most airports, as long as the traveler has a flight, cruise or train segment leaving Mainland China in 24 hours, so it is possible to enter through a port of entry in China, take multiple segments of domestic flights within China, and depart from a different port of entry in less than 24 hours. Multi-stop transit is not allowed in some airports listed below.[40]

Since January 2018, passengers in transit, as well as those who must leave the sterile transit area of the port of entry for any reason, must hold a passport valid for at least 3 months beyond the date of entry. In addition, under directives issued by the Ministry of Public Security, entry to China, as well as multi-stop transit, will be refused to the following categories of persons:[40]

• Those whose travel documents are valid for less than 3 months at the time of entry;
• Those who have Chinese visa refusal stamps in their passports;
• Those who have violated Chinese immigration laws in the past 5 years (including illegal employment, illegal entry or exit, illegal residence, as well as violations of the conditions of visa-free transit);
• Those who have failed to register with the local Public Security Bureaus within the first 24 hours of entry anytime during the last 2 years;
• Those who are otherwise inadmissible to China under corresponding Chinese laws and regulations.

Like the TWOV rules of other countries, travelers must be in transit to a different country other than the country of departure, hence passengers who travel between the U.S. territories and contiguous United States, Alaska or Hawaii are ineligible for TWOV, unless one of their flights has a stop in another country or territory.[1] The only exceptions to the rule are Hong Kong and Macau, which are considered as separate countries in this context.

Distinct from the transit rules of other countries, all travelers in transit may be required to go through immigration and customs even if they do not intend to leave the sterile transit area, except for passengers arriving and departing from Beijing Capital International Airport where they can proceed directly to the sterile transit area without immigration checks.[1]

Unlike the 72/144-hour TWOV, most nationalities are eligible for the 24-hour TWOV except those listed below. Some individual airports, however, impose their own restrictions on certain nationalities.

Airport-specific restrictions

While a majority of Chinese international airports have no extra requirements for the 24-hour TWOV, certain airports place their own restrictions mandated by the local authorities.

The following airports are currently opting out of the TWOV program as a whole, meaning all passengers in transit through any of these airports require a visa unless they are of a visa-exempt nationality:[1]

• Fuzhou Changle International Airport
• Huangshan Tunxi International Airport
• Mudanjiang Hailang International Airport
• Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport
• Yanji Chaoyangchuan International Airport

The airport listed below has specific restrictions on transit passengers:[1]

• Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport: Passengers in transit are permitted to remain in the airport for a maximum period of 2 hours. Afterwards, they must depart Mainland China from Ürümqi immediately on an international flight. Multi-stop transit is not permitted. The airport also maintains an individual list of nationalities not eligible for visa-free transit.

Nationality-specific restrictions

Holders of the following passports are not eligible for 24-hour TWOV in most airports, and are required to hold additional permits or identity documents that are accepted by the Chinese authorities for the purpose of entering Mainland China:[1]

• British National (Overseas) passport (Home Return Permit or visa required in addition to holder's Hong Kong Identity Card)
• Taiwan passport (Taiwan Compatriot Permit required, can be obtained on arrival at certain airports)

The restriction does not apply to holders of these passports who also hold Chinese Travel Documents.

In addition to those listed above, some ports of entry place additional restrictions on nationals of certain countries:

• Nationals of these countries require a visa to transit through Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport:[1]

Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Iran  Iraq  Kazakhstan  Kyrgyzstan

Malaysia  Nigeria  Oman  Pakistan  Saudi Arabia  Sri Lanka

Syria  Thailand  Turkey  Yemen

• Nationals of the following countries are not eligible for visa-free transit in Xiamen International Airport:[1]

Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Iran  Iraq  Kazakhstan  Kyrgyzstan

Malaysia  Oman  Pakistan  Saudi Arabia  Sri Lanka  Syria

Thailand  Turkey  Turkmenistan  Yemen

• Nationals of  Syria are not eligible for visa-free transit in Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.[1]

72-hour stay / 144-hour stay

External image
Map of eligible ports of entry

Holders of passports issued by the following 49 countries do not require a visa for a 72-hour or a 144-hour[42][43] stay if they are transiting through the following ports of entry, provided that they:

• enter through a port of entry listed below;
• hold passports valid for at least 3 months from the date of intended arrival and visas for the destination countries (if required); and
• hold ticket receipts (with confirmed seats, if applicable) departing in 72 or 144 hours, which shows that their first destination (including stopovers of any kind) outside China is located in a third country. Hong Kong and Macau are considered as third territories for transit purposes.

In order to qualify for the 72 or 144-hour TWOV, the traveler's inbound and outbound flights must directly arrive at and depart from one of the acceptable ports of entry from or to a third country (including one of the two SARs). Both flights must have no stopovers of any kind within Mainland China prior to arrival or after departure at the port of entry, and the outbound flight's first stop or destination must be in a different country than the inbound flight's. Travels between U.S. territories and the contiguous U.S. are also ineligible for 72 or 144-hour TWOV, unless one of their flights has a stopover in a third country or a SAR.[1]

A passenger who completed the inspection process will be given a temporary entry permit, which may be in the form of a stamp or a sticker, with the approved area of stay as well as date of entry and departure.[44] The 72 or 144-hour duration of stay starts from 12:01 a.m. on the day following the date of arrival for most ports of entry. For ports of entry marked with ^* below, however, the duration of stay starts on the day of arrival.[1]

Under the directives issued by the Ministry of Public Security, persons belonging to any of the following categories will not be able to use the visa-free transit and will be removed from Mainland China after arrival:[7]

• Those whose travel documents are valid for less than 3 months at the time of entry;
• Those who have Chinese visa refusal stamps in their passports;
• Those who have violated Chinese immigration laws in the past 5 years (including illegal employment, illegal entry or exit, illegal residence, as well as violations of the conditions of visa-free transit);
• Those who have failed to register with the local Public Security Bureaus within the first 24 hours of entry anytime during the last 2 years;
• Those who are otherwise inadmissible to China under corresponding Chinese laws and regulations.

Also, ship's crew members, as well as their accompanying family members, are not eligible for 72 or 144-hour transit. They must hold appropriate visas when entering China.[7]

Travelers utilizing the 72-hour transit scheme are only authorized to visit certain municipalities or provinces listed below, cannot leave the municipalities or provinces and must depart from the same port of entry.[45][46][47] In contrast, travelers utilizing the 144-hour transit can enter and depart from any of the below-listed ports of entry as long as the ports are within the same region authorized to stay, although they are also not allowed to travel outside the approved regions.[7]

Since 30 January 2016, any traveler who enters through ports of entry within Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province can stay within these areas for up to 144 hours.[42] A similar policy was reported to be implemented throughout Guangdong Province in late 2016,[48] and has been implemented effective May 2019.[49] A similar scheme was jointly announced by the cities of Beijing and Tianjin, as well as Hebei Province, which entered into force on 28 December 2017.[7][50] The 144-hour policy was expanded to the cities of Shenyang and Dalian in Liaoning Province on 1 January 2018.[7] On 1 January 2019, the 144-hour policy will be expanded to the cities of Xiamen, Qingdao, Wuhan, Chengdu and Kunming.[51]

This scheme also applies for holders of valid single or double-entry Chinese visas, who will normally be assessed by the immigration officers first to check whether their itineraries fit the rules listed above. If their travel is deemed to comply with the 72/144-hour TWOV rule and they confirm that they do not intend to leave the approved municipalities, they will be granted the 72/144-hour temporary entry permit instead and their Chinese visas will not be utilized, unless the traveler specifically requests to use the visa for entry.[52]

Abusing the facility in any way, including cancelling the original outbound ticket and purchasing another to return directly to the inbound country, can cause the traveler to be considered as an illegal resident who will then be subject to the 5-year ban from using the facility.[7][42][53]

Eligible countries

All European Union citizens  Albania  Argentina  Australia  Brazil  Canada  Chile

Iceland  Japan^2  Mexico  Monaco[54]  Montenegro  New Zealand  North Macedonia

Qatar  Russia  South Korea   Switzerland  Ukraine  United Kingdom^1  United States

_{1 - for British passport holders, only British citizens are eligible.
2 - for holders of diplomatic or official passports only; visa is not required for holders of normal passports.}

Eligible ports of entry

72-hour Stay

Port of entry	Areas permitted to stay	Effective date	Reference
Changsha Huanghua International Airport	Hunan Province	2016/1/1[55]	[56]
Guilin Liangjiang International Airport^*	Guilin	2014/7/2	[57]
Harbin Taiping International Airport^*	Harbin	2015/8/1[58]	[59]

144-hour Stay

Port of entry	Areas permitted to stay	Effective date	Reference
Beijing Capital International Airport	Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province	2017/12/28	[7][60]
Beijing West railway station for passengers traveling on the Beijing-Kowloon Through Train only.	Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province	2017/12/28	[7]
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport	Chengdu, Leshan, Deyang, Suining, Meishan, Ya'an, Ziyang, Neijiang, Zigong, Luzhou, Yibin	2019/12/1	[51][61]
Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport	Chongqing	2019/12/1	[62][61]
Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport	Liaoning Province	2018/1/1	[7][62]
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport	Guangdong Province	2019/5/1	[63]
Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2016/1/30	[42][64]
Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport	Guangdong Province	2019/5/1	[63]
Kunming Changshui International Airport	Kunming	2019/1/1	[51]
Nanjing Lukou International Airport	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2016/1/30	[42][65]
Ningbo Lishe International Airport	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2019/12/1	[61]
Qinhuangdao Sea Port	Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province	2017/12/28	[7]
Qingdao Liuting International Airport	Shandong Province	2019/1/1	[51]
Qingdao Sea Port	Shandong Province	2019/1/1	[51]
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2016/1/30	[42][60]
Shanghai Port International Cruise Terminal	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2016/1/30	[42]
Shanghai Pudong International Airport	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2016/1/30	[42][60]
Shanghai railway station for passengers traveling on the Shanghai-Kowloon Through Train only.[52]	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2016/1/30	[42]
Shanghai Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal	Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province	2016/1/30	[42]
Shenyang Taoxian International Airport	Liaoning Province	2018/1/1	[7][62]
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport	Guangdong Province	2019/5/1	[63]
Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport	Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province	2017/12/28	[7]
Tianjin Binhai International Airport	Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province	2017/12/28	[7][66]
Tianjin International Cruise Home Port	Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province	2017/12/28	[7]
Wuhan Tianhe International Airport	Wuhan	2019/1/1	[51]
Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport	Xiamen	2019/1/1	[51]
Xiamen Sea Port	Xiamen	2019/1/1	[51]
Xi'an Xianyang International Airport	Xi'an & Xianyang	2019/12/1	[67][61]

Statistics

The utilization rate of the 72 or 144-hour TWOV scheme varies significantly depending on the port of entry. Airports in Beijing, Guangzhou and the Yangtze River Delta region receive the vast majority of passengers with Shanghai seeing over 125 passengers on a daily basis and over 15,000 visitors since the commencement of the 144-hour TWOV, while airports in smaller cities such as Wuhan, Tianjin, Xi'an and Kunming received less than 50 per month since the commencement, with Kunming only received a total of 133 travelers from October 2014 to September 2016.[68] An immigration official in Kunming even said that it could take "a few weeks" before they can see the next passenger to utilize TWOV. Officials in these cities cited the lack of awareness of the policy, the restrictions on movements, the short period of time, a lack of international flights from airports, and the shortage of services offered by travel agencies as the main reasons of the lack of passengers.[69]

Base on a study published by Chinese travel agency Ctrip, Shanghai Pudong International Airport was the dominant airport for the TWOV scheme in the first half of 2016, receiving over 14,000 visitors or 50.14% of the total TWOV travelers during the period. Beijing Capital International Airport was a distant second with 18.31%, while Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport received 14.34%. The fourth and fifth place were Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (6.69%) and Nanjing Lukou International Airport (1.78%). The majority of travelers utilizing the scheme were nationals of the United States, while many travelers from Canada, Germany, France, South Korea and Australia also used the facility.[70]

The Shanghai General Station of Immigration Inspection reported that over 39,000 passengers utilized 144-hour TWOV within its first year of implementation, with an increase of over 80 percent comparing to 2015. An average of 3,000 passengers per month was also reported to be utilizing TWOV.[71]

Region-specific visa regulations

The Chinese government has implemented visa waiver schemes or special visa regulations for foreign nationals traveling to particular areas of Mainland China or foreign nationals residing in certain regions bordering Mainland China.[60]

Cruise ship visitors

Non visa-exempt nationals traveling with tour groups on cruise ships can enter China without a visa for a maximum stay of 15 days since 1 October 2016 (duration of stay starts from the next day of arrival). To be eligible, they must:[72]

• travel as a part of an approved tour group with a minimum of 2 people;
• enter via a cruise terminal in Shanghai.

Approved groups must travel with the cruise ship within the entire duration of their trip, and can only visit the following provincial-level municipalities, provinces and autonomous regions on the trip:

• Beijing
• Fujian
• Guangdong
• Guangxi
• Hainan
• Hebei
• Jiangsu
• Liaoning
• Shandong
• Shanghai
• Tianjin
• Zhejiang

Visitors utilizing this policy will not have their passports stamped and do not need to complete arrival cards or departure cards.

Passengers who boarded the cruise without joining a tour group may apply to join an existing group provided the travel agency relays the information to the Chinese authorities and receives approval before the ship's arrival. In addition, 24-hour and 144-hour TWOV policies apply to those who are not joining a tour group and are leaving China by air, train or sea in 24 or 144 hours depending on their nationality.

Transit visa on arrival at Dalian for merchant seamen

Merchant Seamen can obtain a 7-day visa on arrival at Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport for a fee if they satisfy the following requirements:[1]

• They are nationals of a country which has diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
• They have a ticket to a third country
• They are not holders of stateless or refugees documents, holders of SAR travel documents, or nationals of the following countries:

Afghanistan  France  Iran  Iraq  Mauritania

Nigeria  Pakistan  Sri Lanka  Turkey  United States

Visa-free group tour to Pearl River Delta

All visitors to Hong Kong and/or Macao are able to visit the surrounding Pearl River Delta visa-free as long as the following conditions are met:[73]

• The visitor is a national of a country which has diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
• The visitor is visiting the Pearl River Delta as part of a tour group organised by a Hong Kong or Macao based travel agency
• The stay is for six days or less
• The visitor stays only within the cities of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, Huizhou and Shantou.

Visa-free group tour to Guilin for ASEAN nationals

Non visa-exempt nationals of ASEAN countries listed below can visit Guilin without a visa for a maximum of 6 days if they travel with an approved tour group and enter China from Guilin Liangjiang International Airport. They may not visit other cities within Guangxi or other parts of Mainland China.[74]

Non visa-exempt ASEAN countries are:

Cambodia  Indonesia  Laos  Malaysia

Myanmar  Philippines  Thailand  Vietnam

Special Economic Zone visa on arrival

Sample of a SEZ visa

Visitors from most countries may obtain an entry visa when traveling to and staying solely in the three Special Economic Zones: Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xiamen.[75][76] Visitors can only stay within these cities and cannot proceed further into other parts of Mainland China. Visas for Shenzhen are valid for 5 days, and visas for Xiamen and Zhuhai are valid for 3 days. The duration of stay starts from the next day of arrival.[77] The visa can only be obtained only upon arrival at Luohu Port, Huanggang Port Control Point, Fuyong Ferry Terminal or Shekou Passenger Terminal for Shenzhen;[78] Gongbei Port of Entry, Hengqin Port or Jiuzhou Port for Zhuhai;[79] and Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport for Xiamen.[80] Visa fees are charged on a reciprocal basis ranging from ¥168 for citizens of most countries to ¥956 for citizens of the United States.

Nationals of the following countries are ineligible for the SEZ visa for Shenzhen:[81]

Afghanistan  Algeria  Bahrain  Cameroon  Egypt  Iran  Iraq

Jordan  Kuwait  Lebanon  Liberia  Libya  Morocco  Oman

Pakistan  Palestine  Saudi Arabia  Somalia  Sri Lanka  Sudan  Syria

Turkey  Uganda  Yemen

Province of Hainan

Visa Waiver

In 2010, China granted visa-free access to citizens of 26 countries who visit only Hainan. It enabled those visitors to visit Hainan Island without a visa for no more than 15 days if they are visiting as part of a tour group organised by a qualified travel agency.[82]

On March 18, 2018, Ministry of Public Security and National Immigration Bureau announced, the visa waiver policy will be extended to nationals of the following 59 countries since May 1, 2018. Citizens of those countries do not need a visa if they only visit Hainan Island and stay no more than 30 days. This new waiver program does not require visitors to travel in tour groups anymore, though individual tourists still need to select a tour agency and inform them their schedule.[82][83]

All European Union citizens  Albania  Argentina  Australia  Belarus^2  Bosnia and Herzegovina^2  Brazil  Brunei  Canada

Chile  Iceland  Indonesia  Japan^2  Kazakhstan  Malaysia  Mexico  Monaco  Montenegro

New Zealand  North Macedonia  Norway  Philippines  Qatar^2  Russia  Serbia^2  Singapore^2  South Korea

Switzerland  Thailand  United Arab Emirates^2  Ukraine  United Kingdom^1  United States

_{1 - for British passport holders, only British citizens are eligible.
2 - Visa exemption in general.}

Province of Zhejiang

Visa on arrival processing area at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport

Non-Chinese or Taiwanese visitors traveling as a part of a tour group belonging to a travel agency in Zhejiang Province can obtain a visa on arrival at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport for a maximum stay of 1 month.[1]

Border area

• Citizens of  Russia that are residents of Amur Oblast may visit Heihe without a visa for a day.[84]
• Citizens of  Russia may visit Suifenhe without a visa for up to 15 days if traveling with at least one companion.[85]
• Citizens of  Kazakhstan can visit Jeminay County (East Kazakhstan Region residents) and Tacheng in Xinjiang without a visa for three days.[86][87]

Visa for Hong Kong and Macau residents who are not Chinese nationals

Non-visa-exempt nationals who are residents of Hong Kong or Macau require a visa to visit the Mainland.

All holders of Hong Kong Identity Cards are eligible to apply for a 6 or 12-month visa with multiple entries provided that they have applied for and received at least one Chinese visa in the past, are resident of Hong Kong for more than 7 months, and are not employed as domestic helpers in Hong Kong. Hong Kong permanent residents are eligible for a 3-year visa if they have received at least one 6 or 12-month multiple-entry visa in the past.[88]

Domestic helpers in Hong Kong can apply for a single or double-entry L visa valid for one or two stays of 30 days. Multiple-entry L visas valid for 6 months with 15-day stays are available to those who have received at least one Chinese visa. All visa applicants who are domestic helpers require a written letter from the employer stating that the employer will travel together with the visa applicant to the Mainland.[88]

Holders of Macau Resident Identity Cards are automatically eligible for multiple entry visas valid either for 6 months (for non-permanent residents) or 12 months (for permanent residents only).[89]

Permanent residents of Hong Kong and Macau with multiple entry visas can apply for a separate sheet of paper at border checkpoints in Shenzhen and Zhuhai for Chinese entry and exit stamps.[90]

These visa facilitation decisions are unilateral and do not supersede the visa facilitation agreements signed with other countries, which may offer visas with longer validity or lesser fees based solely on their countries of nationality.

Visa or Taiwan Compatriot Permit on arrival

Visa-on-arrival for emergency purposes

Visitors who would normally require a visa are able to obtain a visa on arrival at the following airports if they satisfy the following requirements:[1][91]

• have genuine emergencies which prevent them from applying for a visa in advance;
• hold an invitation letter issued by a government-approved sponsor or Chinese authorities;
• have confirmation from immigration authorities that the visa will be issued on arrival; and,
• have a government-approved sponsor to meet them at the airport.

Visas can be issued at the following airports:[1]

For a maximum stay of 1 month

• Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
• Fuzhou Changle International Airport
• Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport
• Shanghai Pudong International Airport
• Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport

A return ticket is required in addition to all the aforementioned documents if the passenger is arriving at one of the ports of entry listed above.

For a maximum stay of 3 months

• Beijing Capital International Airport (extendable to 6 months)

No additional restrictions on stay

• Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport
• Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
• Guilin Liangjiang International Airport
• Haikou Meilan International Airport
• Kunming Changshui International Airport
• Qingdao Liuting International Airport
• Sanya Phoenix International Airport
• Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport
• Weihai Dashuibo Airport
• Wuhan Tianhe International Airport[92]
• Xi'an Xianyang International Airport
• Yantai Laishan International Airport

Nationals of the following countries are only eligible for visa-on-arrival service at Beijing, Shanghai (Pudong and Hongqiao), and Chengdu:

Afghanistan  France  Iran  Iraq  Mauritania

Nigeria  Pakistan  Sri Lanka  Turkey  United States

Nationals of the following countries are not eligible for visa-on-arrival service at Fuzhou or Xiamen:

Canada  Israel  South Africa

South Korea  United Kingdom   Vatican City

Holders of passports issued by  United Kingdom (except British Nationals (Overseas) passports) are required to hold an invitation issued by the Chinese authorities unless they are arriving at Beijing, Shanghai or Chengdu.

Holders of the following documents are not eligible for this service:

• British National (Overseas) passport
• Hong Kong SAR passport
• Macau SAR passport
• Refugee or stateless person travel document

Taiwan Compatriot Permit on arrival

Holders of passports issued by  Taiwan can obtain a single-entry Taiwan Compatriot Permit on arrival at some airports with a Taiwan passport (with validity of more than 3 months), Taiwanese National ID card, return ticket and 2 passport-sized photos, with a fee of CNY 150. Some airports may require additional documents, such as an invitation letter. Eligible airports are: Beijing, Changchun, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Haikou, Hailar, Hangzhou, Harbin, Hefei, Huangshan, Jinan, Kunming, Nanchang, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Qingdao, Quanzhou, Sanya, Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Weihai, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Wuxi, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xuzhou, Yancheng, Yantai, Yinchuan, Zhangjiajie and Zhengzhou.[93] The single-entry permit is valid for a maximum stay of 3 months but can be prolonged by applying for a long-term permit at the local EEA office.[38]

This service is not applicable to holders of valid, long-term permits. They must instead carry the long-term permit or will be refused entry for not doing so. In addition, immigration authorities at the arrival airport have the power to deny the issuance of the permit to any person not meeting the specific requirements set forth by the airport, and the person will also be removed from Mainland China.[93]

Visa facilitation agreements

China has concluded reciprocal visa facilitation agreements on a reciprocal basis with the following countries, and nationals covered by the agreements can have their application fees waived or reduced, or be issued long-term, multiple-entry Chinese visas at the same cost as the single-entry visas. The issuance of multiple-entry visas, however, is not automatic and must be voluntarily requested by the applicant.[94]

As of July 2017, citizens of five countries are eligible for multiple-entry, long term visas, while citizens of two other countries are able to benefit from lowered visa fees.

Nationality	Validity of visa	Types of visas affected	Application fee (for regular processing only)	Effective date
Argentina	10 years	L, M	US$150	15 Jun 2017
Brazil	5 years	L, M	R$160	1 Oct 2017
Canada	Up to 9 years and 11 months	L, M, Q2, S2	C$100	9 Mar 2015
Chile	Unchanged	F, L, M, Q2	Free	1 Jul 2015
Israel	Up to 10 years	L, M, Q2, S2	₪100	11 Nov 2016
Russia	Unchanged	All types	3300₽ (single-entry) 6600₽ (double-entry) 9900₽ (multiple-entry)	26 Apr 2014
South Africa	5 years			1 Oct 2018[95]
United Kingdom	2 years 5 or 10 years (for eligible persons)	L, M, Q2, S2	£85	11 Jan 2016
United States	10 years	L, M, Q2, S2	US$140	11 Nov 2014
	5 years	X1

Angola

China and Angola had agreed, in principle, of issuing multiple-entry visas to citizens of both countries. Under the proposed agreement, citizens of Angola may stay for 90 days out of every 180-day period. The visa would have a 12-month validity and would be valid for multiple entries. The agreement is expected to be finalized in February 2018.[96]

Argentina

An agreement, signed by Argentine and Chinese governments and went into effect on 22 June 2015, claimed to have "facilitates application procedures" for Argentine citizens applying for Chinese visas, In reality, the procedures, processing times and validity have remain unchanged for Argentine, since the agreement in fact only facilitated the lengthy visa application procedures for Chinese nationals.[97]

The agreement has been amended by both parties in early 2017 which paved ways to long term, multiple-entry visas. From 15 June 2017, Argentine applicants are eligible for multiple-entry L and M visas valid for 10 years. The cost for such visa is US$60 or approximately ARS$2,400.[98]

Bolivia

A similar agreement, which have been signed and ratified by Chinese and Bolivian governments in March 2014, also only facilitates the visa application procedures for Chinese nationals. The validity, processing times and required documentations for Bolivian nationals are unchanged. Applicants who were born in the Greater China Area or who are family members of Chinese nationals can obtain multiple-entry visas with validity of 12 or 24 months.[99][100]

Brazil

The agreements signed by Brazilian and Chinese governments on 1 September 2017 paved ways to the issuance of long-term tourist and business visas. The duration of stay is 90 days per entry for both L and M visas. The agreement is scheduled to be in effect on 1 October 2017, one month after the signature date.[101]

Canada

Starting from March 2015, China announced that multiple-entry L, M, Q2, and S2 visas with the validity for up to nine years and 11 months (not exceeding the life of the passport) would be issued to citizens of Canada.[102] The duration of stay is 60 days per entry for L and M visas, 90 days for S2 visas, and 120 days for Q2 visas. Visa applicants who are of Chinese descent can enjoy a 180-day duration of stay when applying for Q2 visas. The application fee is C$100, and, since applying through a Visa Center is mandatory when in Canada, an "application service fee" is also charged with each application.[103][104]

Chile

Arrangements were made between Chinese and Chilean governments regarding visa fees. Starting from July 2015, Citizens of Chile can have their visa fees waived when applying for F, L, M, and Q2 visas.[105]

Israel

China and Israel's visa facilitation agreement, signed on 29 March 2016, provide citizens of Israel access to 10-year L, M, Q2 and S2 visas (validity of the visa not exceeding life of the passport).[106][107] The duration of stay is 90 days per entry for L and M visas, and 180 days for Q2 and S2 visas. The cost for a visa is ₪100 for normal processing (4 working days) and ₪200 for one-day processing.[108] The agreement went into force on 11 November 2016.[109] The long-term visa is only available to holders of national Israeli passport and not holders of Travel Document in Lieu of National Passport (Teudat Ma'avar).[110]

Russia

China and Russia signed the agreement on simplification of visa procedures on 22 March 2013 and the agreement went into effect on 26 April 2014. The agreement stipulates the conditions of issuing multiple-entry visas to citizens of Russia who are of certain occupations and regulated visa fees. Single-entry visas are 3300₽, while double-entry and multiple-entry visas are capped at 6600₽ and 9900₽.[39][111] The agreement also stated that visa fees are to be paid in the national currencies of both countries, and due to the devaluation of the Russian ruble in 2014 and 2015, Chinese missions in Russia increased the visa fees in ruble by 120 percent on 8 July 2016 in order to reflect the most recent conversion rate to the U.S. dollar.[112] However, since 2016, visa fees have again been officially listed in Russian ruble only.[113]

United Kingdom

In January 2016, Chinese authorities announced that 2-year, multiple-entry L, M, Q2, S2 visas are to be issued to citizens and nationals of the United Kingdom, and the application fee is £85. In addition, Chinese foreign missions can issue visas with 5 or 10 years of validity for "eligible" British citizens and nationals.[114] Like Canada, all visa applicants must use the service provided by the Visa Center when applying in the UK which will charge extra fees for handling applications.[115]

United States

Since November 2014, China agreed to issue L Tourist visas, M Business visas, Q2 Family Visit visas, and S2 Short-term Private Visit visas to citizens of the United States with a validity for a maximum of 10 years; while validity of the X1 Long-term Study visa is elongated to five years. The duration of stay is 60 days per entry for the L Tourist and M Business visas, 90 days for the S2 Short-term Private Visit visas, and 120 days for the Q2 Family Visit visas. Visa applicants can enjoy a 180-day duration of stay when applying for Q2 visas if they have "special needs". The application fee for a Chinese visa is US$140 for regular processing (4 business days) and US$160 for expedited processing (2-3 business days), while 1-business-day rush processing is US$170 and only at the discretion of the consulate or embassy.[116][117] Rush and expedited services are not provided by the Los Angeles consulate.[118]

Overview of Chinese visas

New version of Chinese Visit Visa, which issued by Chinese authorities within China and started to issue since June 1, 2019

New version of Chinese group visa, which started to issue since June 1, 2019

Visa application procedures

Type L 60-day visa affixed to a visa page in a U.S. passport (issued in Los Angeles)

Nationals who are not from visa exempted countries are required to apply for a Chinese visa prior to entry into China. When applying for a visa, the applicant can choose to apply either through a travel agency or directly to the Chinese diplomatic missions.

In the latter case, the local diplomatic mission may outsource the handling of applications to a Chinese Visa Application Service Center (Visa Center), or a Chinese Visa Application Service Facility (CVASF). The Visa Center is "a commercial service organization registered in accordance with local laws and regulations and recognized by a Chinese Embassy or Consulate-General to handle the daily routine work of processing ordinary visa applications".[119] The CVASF is similar organization but is run exclusively by VFS Global.[120] Visa applicants, whose resident countries host Visa Centers or CVASFs, are required to submit their applications to these organizations instead of the Chinese embassies or consulates. Applicants are also required to pay service fees when applying through the Visa Centers or CVASFs on top of the visa application fees.

The most recent visa application form, form V.2013, is in use since 1 September 2013. The form can be retrieved through the website of any Chinese diplomatic mission, Visa Center or CVASF. Only forms filled out with a computer are accepted, and older versions, as well as handwritten application forms, are no longer acceptable. Visa applicants also need to physically sign the declaration box of the form.[121] Since May 2018, fingerprints of all 10 fingers of the hands, and in some cases voiceprints, are collected as part of the application process.[122]

As of January 2019, the following 44 countries and territories host Visa Centers:[123]

•  Australia
•  Austria
•  Algeria
•  Angola
•  Belgium
•  Canada
•  Czech Republic
•  Denmark
•  Egypt
•  Finland
•  France
•  Gambia
•  Germany
•  Greece
•  Hong Kong
•  India
•  Indonesia
•  Italy
•  Japan
•  Kenya
•  Kuwait
•  Lebanon
•  Madagascar
•  Malaysia
•  Netherlands
•  Norway
•  Nigeria
•  Pakistan
•  Poland
•  Portugal
•  Romania
•  Senegal
•  Singapore
•  South Korea
•  South Africa
•  Spain
•  Sweden
•   Switzerland
•  Thailand
•  Turkey
•  Vietnam
•  United Arab Emirates
•  United Kingdom

In addition, CVASFs are available in the following countries:[124]

Angola  DR Congo

In countries without Visa Centres or CVASFs, visa application requires submitting the passport and required documents directly to the embassy or consulate.

Nationals of the following countries must hold a visa issued in their home country. If visa is issued in a third country, a residence visa or working permit from that country is also required.[1]

Afghanistan  Iran  Iraq  Nigeria

Pakistan  Sri Lanka^1  Turkey

_{1 - for holders of normal passports only.}

Letter of Invitation

The Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of the Entry and Exit of Foreigners, which went into effect on 1 September 2013, mandates some basic documentation for securing a Chinese visa.[125] The most notable change is the requirement of a Letter of Invitation (LOI) when applying for most types of visa, which can only be issued by a resident of Mainland China or a company based in Mainland China. The only exceptions to this rule are for type G (transit) and L (tourism) applicants, who can either obtain a LOI, or produce their paid round-trip tickets plus the hotel reservations for the duration of their stay in Mainland China.[126]

Former and current nationals of the People's Republic of China and their descendants

Former nationals of China who have Mainland residency and who have lost their Chinese nationality are also required to produce their Chinese passports for cancellation when applying for their first Chinese visa. The cancelled passports will be returned to the applicants along with the new Chinese visa, demonstrating their loss of Chinese nationality.[126] The requirement, however, does not apply to Hong Kong and Macau permanent residents as their Chinese nationality is determined by their respective governments.[127]

In some cases, a person who has or may have Chinese nationality may encounter difficulties to obtain a Chinese visa unless he or she has renounced Chinese nationality with the appropriate authorities. Numerous reports arose in June 2016 that some Canadian citizens of Chinese descent who were either born in Hong Kong or born in Canada to Hong Kong permanent resident parents of Chinese descent were refused Chinese visas. Instead, the Visa Centers directed them to the Chinese consulate who then instructed them to apply for Chinese Travel Documents on the ground that they still have Chinese nationality. The Chinese consulate in Toronto clarified that the criteria of issuing Chinese visas to "Hong Kong residents" has not been changed. Meanwhile, an official of the Vancouver consulate acknowledged the policy and said it has been in force since 1996.[128]

Types of Chinese Visas

There are four main types of Chinese visa: diplomatic visa, courtesy visa, service visa and ordinary visa. Ordinary visas are further divided into 12 sub-types or 16 categories.[129] The sub-type codes of ordinary visas derive from the first letter of the names in Pinyin.[126][130]

Code	Type	Note
C	Crew Visa (乘务签证)	Issued to foreign crew members of means of international transportation, including aircraft, trains and ships, or motor vehicle drivers engaged in cross-border transport activities, or to the accompanying family members[Note 1] of the crew members of the above-mentioned ships.
D	Permanent Residence Visa (定居签证)	Issued to those who intend to reside in China permanently. The Chinese government has started to implement new permanent residence policy for foreigners to attract and introduce technical talents and experts since August 2014.[131]
F	Visit Visa (访问签证)	Issued to those who intend to go to China for exchanges, visits, study tours and other activities.
G	Transit Visa (过境签证)	Issued to those who intend to transit through China.
J1	Long-term Journalist Visa (常驻记者签证)	Issued to resident foreign journalists of foreign news organizations stationed in China. The intended duration of stay in China exceeds 180 days.
J2	Short-term Journalist Visa (临时记者签证)	Issued to foreign journalists who intend to go to China for short-term news coverage. The intended duration of stay in China is no more than 180 days.
L	Tourist Visa (旅游签证)	Issued to those who intend to go to China as a tourist.
M	Business Visa (商贸签证)	Issued to those who intend to go to China for commercial and trade activities.
Q1	Family Reunion Visa (家庭团聚签证)	Issued to those who are family members[Note 1] of Chinese citizens or of foreigners with Chinese permanent residence and intend to go to China for family reunion, or to those who intend to go to China for the purpose of foster care. The intended duration of stay in China exceeds 180 days.
Q2	Family Visit Visa (探亲签证)	Issued to those who intend to visit their relatives who are Chinese citizens residing in China or foreigners with permanent residence in China. The intended duration of stay in China is no more than 180 days.
R	Talent Visa (人才签证)	Issued to those who are high-level talents or whose skills are urgently needed in China.
S1	Long-term Private Visit Visa (长期私人事务签证)	Issued to those who intend to go to China to visit the foreigners working or studying in China to whom they are spouses, parents, sons or daughters under the age of 18 or parents-in-law, or to those who intend to go to China for other private affairs. The intended duration of stay in China exceeds 180 days.
S2	Short-term Private Visit Visa (短期私人事务签证)	Issued to those who intend to visit their family members[Note 1] who are foreigners working or studying in China, or to those who intend to go to China for other private matters. The intended duration of stay in China is no more than 180 days.
X1	Long-term Study Visa (长期学习签证)	Issued to those who intend to study in China for a period of more than 180 days.
X2	Short-term Study Visa (短期学习签证)	Issued to those who intend to study in China for a period of no more than 180 days.
Z	Working Visa (工作签证)	Issued to those who intend to work in China.

Validity, number of entries and duration of each stay of Chinese visas

• The "Enter Before" date is the expiration date of the visa. The visa can be used for entry into China from the date of issue until the "Enter Before" date indicated on the visa. If a visa has unused entries, the bearer can enter China before 12:00 a.m. Beijing Time on the expiration date.[129]
• "Entries" refers to the number of times permitted to enter China during the validity of the visa. A visa becomes invalid if there are no entries left, or if there are entries left but the visa has expired. If a visa becomes invalid, its bearer must apply for a new visa before entering China. Traveling with an invalid visa will result in refusal of entry.[129]
• "Duration of Each Stay" refers to the maximum number of days the visa bearer is permitted to remain in China for each visit. The duration of stay is calculated from (and includes) the date of entry into China.[129]

Holders of D, Q1, J1, S1, X1 and Z visas must apply for a residence permit at the local PSB within 30 days of entry into China, unless the "Duration of Each Stay" on the visa is marked as 30 days. Members of foreign diplomatic or consular missions in China must also apply for a residence permit at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) or local Foreign Affairs Offices (FSOs) within 30 days of entry into China.[129]

Penalty for illegal stay

A non-Chinese or Taiwanese national whose period of stay in China exceeds the duration specified in his or her visa, stay permit or residence permit without applying for an extension, or who is found to be outside the area of approved stay, is said to be an illegal resident and is subject to fines and other penalties for violation of the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of the Entry and Exit of Foreigners.[2] If a non-Chinese national needs to stay in China longer than the duration of stay allowed on the visa, he or she is required to submit an extension to the EEA of the municipality before his or her duration of stay expires. Approval of an extension of stay may not be granted, in which case the traveler must depart China immediately. Chinese diplomatic missions are not authorized to extend a visa.[129]

Illegal residents who need to depart China after they have overstayed their visas may be given either a warning, a fine of CNY 500 per day of illegal residence in China, up to a maximum of CNY 10,000, or administrative detention between five and fifteen days, depending on the severity of the situation.[132]

ROC nationals with household registration in Taiwan are applied a separate ordinance known as Measures for the Control of Chinese Citizens Traveling to or from the Region of Taiwan. The term of "illegal resident" is also used, however a ROC national is only considered as an illegal resident when his or her Taiwan Compatriot Permit expires and he or she have not applied for renewal before the document's expiration date. The penalty for illegal residence is a warning and CNY 100 per day of illegal stay.[133]

Region-specific visa restrictions

Tibet Autonomous Region

Tibet Travel Permit for foreigners

Non-Chinese passport holders entering Tibet must obtain a Tibet Travel Permit (TTP) prior to departure, issued by the Tibet Tourism Bureau.[134] Although any travel between Tibet and other parts of Mainland China is considered domestic travel with no immigration checks, the TTP will be checked for all non-Chinese passport holders when going on board any buses, trains or airlines that are bounded for the TAR.

The only way to obtain a TTP is to arrange a tour operated by a Tibet-based travel agent which at least includes hotels and transportation. Visitors are also not permitted to travel by public buses across Tibet and are only allowed to travel by private transportation as organised in the tour. Moreover, if entering Tibet from Nepal, one must also join a group tour and be only allowed on a group visa. The TTP has to be handed in to the tour guide upon arrival at the airport or train station, and the tour guide will keep the permit until the traveler leaves the TAR.[135] The processing time of a TTP is at least 15 days.[136]

Moreover, the TTP only covers travel to Lhasa and Nagqu, and visitors who wish to visit other areas in Tibet must also apply for an Alien's Travel Permit (ATP) issued by the Foreign Affairs Section of the Lhasa PSB. The cost for the ATP is CNY 50 per person. Holders of the ATP are authorized to travel to the following restricted areas of Tibet:[135]

• Shigatse: Sakya Monastery, North Base Camp of Mt. Everest, Rongbuk Monastery
• Tsetang: Samye Monastery, Valley of the Kings, Changdruk Temple, Yungbulakang Palace
• Gyangtse: Palcho Monastery and Kubum Stupa
• Ngari Region
• Nyingchi: Pagsum Lake
• Chamdo Region

The TTP is also required by nationals of Republic of China (Taiwan) holding a Taiwan Compatriot Permit or a Chinese Travel Document, but it is not required for Chinese nationals residing in Hong Kong or Macau with a Home Return Permit, or any person with a Chinese Resident Identity Card.[137] Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan residents with Resident Permit are also exempt from TTP requirements.[138] Foreign diplomats and journalists are prohibited to travel to Tibet without the permission of the Chinese government and, if approved, can only join tours that are accompanied and organized by Chinese government officials.[139] In practice, journalists are escorted by MFA and MPS officials for the entire duration of their visit and their movements are heavily limited in order to prevent them from communicating with the Tibetans.[140]

In March 2016, the government of TAR announced intentions of reform, which include the streamlining of TTP and ATP application procedures and shortening processing time of the permits. There is no timeline of implementation of these measures as officials claimed that they were "still being studied".[136]

Visitor statistics

Most visitors arriving in China were from the following areas of residence or countries of nationality:[141][142][143][144]

Country/Territory	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013
Hong Kong	79,370,000	79,800,000	81,060,000	79,448,100	76,131,700	76,884,600
Macau	25,150,000	24,650,000	23,500,000	22,888,200	20,639,900	20,740,300
Taiwan	6,140,000	5,870,000	5,730,000	5,498,600	5,365,900	5,162,500
South Korea	4,193,000	3,863,800	4,775,300	4,444,400	4,181,700	3,969,000
Japan	2,691,000	2,683,000	2,588,990	2,497,700	2,717,600	2,877,500
United States	2,485,000	2,312,900	2,249,600	2,085,800	2,093,200	2,085,300
Russia	2,415,000	2,356,800	1,976,600	1,582,300	2,045,800	2,186,300
Vietnam	N/A	N/A	data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A	2,160,800	1,709,400	1,365,400
Mongolia	1,916,000	1,864,500	1,581,200	1,014,100	1,082,700	1,050,000
Malaysia	1,291,000	1,233,200	1,165,400	1,075,500	1,129,400	1,206,500
Philippines	1,205,000	1,168,500	1,135,100	1,004,000	967,900	996,700
Pakistan	N/A	N/A	949,000	1,141,500	1,113,100	1,151,700
Singapore	978,000	941,200	924,600	905,300	971,400	966,600
India	864,000	822,000	799,700	730,500	710,000	677,000
Canada	850,000	806,000	741,300	679,800	667,100	684,200
Thailand	833,000	776,700	753,500	641,500	613,000	651,700
Australia	752,000	734,300	675,100	637,300	672,000	723,000
Total (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan)	30,543,000	29,165,300	28,150,120	25,985,400	26,361,000	26,290,000

See also

• Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
• List of diplomatic missions of China
• Visa (document)

Notes

1. "Family members" refers to spouses, parents, sons, daughters, spouses of sons or daughters, brothers, sisters, grandparents, grandsons, granddaughters and parents-in-law.

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External links

• General Information for Chinese Visa Application (provided by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China)
• List of Chinese diplomatic missions