Visa requirements for Bahraini citizens
Visa requirements for Bahraini citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Bahrain. As of 11 October, Bahraini citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 81 countries and territories, ranking the Bahraini passport 63rd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Bahraini citizens do not need a visa to enter other member states the GCC.
Visa requirements map
Visa requirements
Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|---|
Visa required[2] | |||
Visa required[3] | |||
Visa required[4] | |||
Visa required[5] | |||
Visa required[6] | |||
Electronic Entry Visa[7] | |||
Visa required[8] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[9][10] | 120 days | ||
Visa required[11] |
| ||
Visa required[13] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[14] | 30 days[15] | ||
Visa not required[16] | 3 months | ||
Visa on arrival[17] | 30 days | ||
Visa not required[18] | 90 days | ||
Visa not required[19] | 30 days |
| |
Visa required[20] | |||
Visa required[21] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[22][23] | 30 days / 8 days |
| |
Visa required[24] | |||
Visa on arrival[25] | 90 days | ||
Visa not required[26] | 90 days |
| |
Visa not required[27] | 90 days | ||
Visa required[28] | |||
Visa on arrival[29] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[30] | |||
Visa required[31] | |||
Visa required[32] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[33] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[34] | |||
Visa required[35] | |||
Visa on arrival[36] | |||
Visa required[37] | |||
Visa required[38] | |||
Visa required[39] | |||
Visa required[40] | |||
Visa required[41] | |||
Visa on arrival[42] | |||
Visa required[43] | |||
Visa required[44] | |||
Visa required[45] | |||
eVisa[46] | |||
Visa required[47] | |||
Visa required[48] | |||
Visa required[49] | |||
Visa required[50] | |||
Visa required[51] | |||
eVisa[52] | 31 days | ||
Visa not required[53] | 21 days | ||
Visa not required[54] | |||
Visa not required[55] | 90 days | ||
Visa not required[56] | 3 months | ||
Visa not required[57] | 90 days | ||
Visa required[58] | |||
Visa required[59] | |||
Visa required[60] | |||
Visa required[61] | |||
eVisa[62] | up to 90 days |
| |
Visa required[63] | |||
Visa required[64] | |||
Visa required[65] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[66] |
| ||
Visa required[68] | |||
Visa not required[69] | 1 year | ||
Visa required[70] | |||
Visa required[71] | |||
Visa required[72] | |||
Visa required[73] | |||
Visa not required[74] | 90 days | ||
eVisa[75] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[76] | 90 days | ||
Visa required[77] | |||
Visa not required[78] | 3 months | ||
Visa not required[79] | 90 days | ||
Visa required[80] | |||
Visa required[81] | |||
Visa required[82] | |||
Visa not required[83] | 30 days | ||
Visa on arrival[84] | 30 days[85] | ||
Visa on arrival[86] |
| ||
Visa required[87] | |||
Visa required[88] |
| ||
Visa required[90] | |||
Visa required[91] | |||
Visa required[92] | |||
Visa not required[93] | 3 months | ||
Visa not required[94] | 30 days[95] | ||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[96] | 3 months | ||
Visa required[97] | |||
Visa required[98] | |||
Visa not required[99] | 30 days | ||
Visa not required[100] |
| ||
Visa not required[101] | 60 days | ||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[102] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[103] | |||
Visa not required[104] | 6 months | ||
eVisa[105][106] | |||
Visa required[107] | |||
Visa required[108] | |||
Visa required[109] | |||
Visa required[110] | |||
Visa required[111] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[112] | 90 days | ||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[113] | |||
Visa not required[114] | 90 days | ||
Visa on arrival[115] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[116] | |||
Visa required[117] | |||
Visa required[118] | |||
Visa on arrival[119] |
| ||
Visa not required[120] | 90 days | ||
Visa required[121] | |||
Visa not required[122] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[123] | |||
Visa required[124] | |||
Visa required[125] | |||
Visa required[126] | |||
Visa not required[127] | 90 days | ||
Visa on arrival[128] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[129] | 28 days | ||
Visa required[130] | |||
Visa required[131] | |||
Visa on arrival[132] | 90 days | ||
Visa required[133] | |||
Electronic Travel Authority[134] | 90 days |
| |
Visa not required[136] | 90 days | ||
Visa required[137] | |||
Visa required[138] | |||
Visa required[139] | |||
Visa required[140] | |||
Visa not required[141] |
| ||
Electronic Travel Authorization[142] | |||
Visa on arrival[146] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[147] | |||
Visa required[148] | |||
Visa required[149] | |||
Visa required[150] | |||
Visa not required[151] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[152] | |||
Visa required[153] | |||
Visa not required[154] |
| ||
Visa required[155] | |||
Visa required[156] |
| ||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[157] | 30 days | ||
eVisa[158] | |||
Visa required[159] | |||
Visa not required[160] | 1 month | ||
Entry Permit on arrival[161] | 60 days | ||
Visa required[162] | |||
eVisa[163] | |||
Visa not required[164] |
| ||
Visa on arrival[165] | 90 days | ||
Visa not required[166] | 90 days |
| |
Visitor's Permit on arrival[167] | 3 months | ||
Visa on arrival[168] | |||
Visa not required[169] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[170] | |||
Visa required[171] | |||
Visa required[172] | |||
Visa on arrival[173] |
| ||
Visa required[174] | |||
Visa required[175] | |||
Visa required[176] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[177] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[178] | |||
eVisa[179] | |||
Visa required[180] | |||
Visa required[181] | |||
Visa required[182] | |||
eVisa[186] | 45 days |
| |
eVisa / Visa on arrival[188][189] | 3 months | ||
Visa not required[190] | 30 days |
| |
Visa on arrival[191] | 30 days | ||
Visa on arrival[192] | 7 days | ||
Visa required[193] | |||
Visa required[194] | |||
Visa not required[195] | 3 months | ||
eVisa[196] | 3 months | ||
Visa required[197] | |||
Visa on arrival[198] | 1 month | ||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[199] |
| ||
eVisa[201] | 30 days | ||
Visa not required[202] |
| ||
Visa required[203] | |||
Visa required[204] | |||
Visa required[205] | |||
eVisa[206] | 30 days |
| |
Visa not required[208] | 30 days | ||
Visa required[209] | |||
Visa required[210] | |||
Visa required[211] |
| ||
Visa on arrival[214] | 3 months | ||
eVisa[215] | |||
eVisa / Visa on arrival[216] | 3 months |
|
Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories
Visa requirements for Bahraini citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:
Africa | ||
---|---|---|
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Special permit required | Special permit required.[217] | |
Visa not required[218] |
Do not need a visa a holder of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa, a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[219] | |
Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[220] | |
Visa required[221] | ||
Visa required[221] | ||
eVisa[222][223] |
| |
eVisa[224][225] | ||
Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. | ||
Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[226][227] | |
Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. | |
Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required.[228] | |
Asia | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Visa not required | 14 days[229][230] | |
Visa not required[231] | 30 days | |
PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[232][233][234][235][236][237] | |
Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[238] | |
Visa not required | Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[239] | |
Visa on arrival[240] | 30 days | |
Visa not required | These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[241] | |
Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) | |
Visa not required[242] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[243] | |
Electronic Entry Visa[244] | ||
OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[245][246][247] | |
TTP required | Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[248][249][250] | |
Special permit required | A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[251] | |
Restricted zone. | ||
Restricted zone. | ||
Caribbean and North Atlantic | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Visa required[252] | ||
Visa required[253] | ||
Visa required[254] | Visa free for a maximum stay of 3 months if transiting through the United Kingdom. | |
Visa required[255] | ||
Visa required[256] | ||
Tourist Card on arrival | Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[257] | |
Visa required[258][259] | ||
Visa required[260] | ||
Visa required[261] | ||
Visa required[262] | French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy. | |
Visa required[263] | ||
Visa required | All visitors are fingerprinted.[264] | |
Visa required[265] | ||
Visa required[266] | ||
Visa required[221] | ||
Visa required[267] | ||
Visa not required[268] | 30 days | |
Visa required[269] | ||
Europe | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[270][271] | |
Visa not required | Visa-free for 10 days[272] | |
Visa not required[273] | 90 days | |
Access Permit required[274] | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. | |
Visa required[263] | ||
Visa required | Visa not required if holding a Schengen multiple entry visa with a minimum remaining validity of 7 days or visiting on a day trip as part of an organised tour arranged through a Gibraltar-based tour operator. | |
Visa required[275] | ||
Visa required[276] | ||
Visa required[277] | ||
Visa required[278][279] | ||
Oceania | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Entry permit required[280] | ||
Special authorisation required | Special authorisation required.[281] | |
Special permit required | Special permit required.[282] | |
Visa not required | 31 days[283] | |
Special permission required | Special permission required.[284] | |
Visa required[285] | ||
Visa required[286] | 45 days | |
Visa required[221] | ||
Visa on arrival | 30 days[287] | |
Visa required[288] | ||
Visa required | ||
Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[289][290][291][292][293][294][295] | |
Visa required[221] | ||
South America | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[296] | |
South Atlantic and Antarctica | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Visa required | ||
Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[297][298] | |
Antarctica | Special permits required for |
Non-visa restrictions
Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.
Blank passport pages
Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[311] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.
Vaccination
Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[312]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[313]
Passport validity length
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[314] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[315] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[316]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, and South Africa.
Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[317][318] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[319]
Criminal record
Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[320] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.
Persona non grata
The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.
Israeli stamps
Kuwait,[321] Lebanon,[322] Libya,[323] Sudan,[324] Syria,[325] and Yemen[326] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.
The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[327]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Armenian ethnicity
Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[328][329]
Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[330] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[331] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[332] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.
Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.
Biometrics
Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[333]
Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[334][335] Argentina,[336] Brunei, Cambodia,[337] China,[338] Ethiopia,[339] Ghana, Guinea,[340] India, Japan,[341][342] Kenya (fingerprints and photo),[343] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[344] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[345] Singapore, South Korea,[346] Taiwan, Thailand,[347] Uganda[348] and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[349] [350] [351] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[352]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[353] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[354][355]
See also
References and notes
- References
- "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2019" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
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- Only at Yerevan, Gyumri Airport, Ayrum railway station, Bagratashen, Bavra, Gogavan and Megri land borders.
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- Electronic Visa System of Azerbaijan Republic
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- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Gabon e-Visa
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Republic of Kenya - eCitizen portal
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- eVisa Lesotho
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for travellers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently “strict requirements for travellers” in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC’s 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the “what if” stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
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The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
- Notes
- Available entrance at:
- Anadyr Airport
- Blagoveshchensk Airport
- Khabarovsk Airport
- Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport
- Vladivostok International Airport
- Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport
- Sea port of Korsakov
- Sea port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
- Sea port of Posyet
- Sea passenger terminal of Vladivostok
- Sea port of Zarubino
- Railway checkpoints: Khasan, Makhalino, Pogranichny
- Road checkpoints: Poltavka, Turiy Rog