Visa requirements for Turkish citizens

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Turkey. As of 2 July 2019, Turkish citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 110 countries and territories, ranking the Turkish passport 53rd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

A Turkish passport

The tables indicate visa requirements for normal passport holders for tourism and other visiting purposes but do not imply entry for work, journalism, etc. Most of the countries below which are labelled as "not requiring visa", request a valid return ticket, documents for confirmed accommodation arrangements and evidence of adequate funds for self-support.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for holders of Turkish normal passports

  Republic of Turkey

  Visa free. With ID card to Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia and TRNC

  Visa issued upon arrival

  Electronic authorization or eVisa

  Visa available both on arrival or online

  Visa required

Visa requirements

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Afghanistan	Visa required[2]
Albania	Visa not required[3]	90 days
Algeria	Visa required[4]
Andorra	Visa required[5]
Angola	Visa required[6]
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[7]	180 days
Argentina	Visa not required[8]	90 days
Armenia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[9]	120 days
Australia	Visa required[10]		May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
Austria	Visa required[12]
Azerbaijan	Visa not required[13][14]	90 days	If staying more than 15 days, visitors staying outside hotels must register with local police.
Bahamas	Visa not required[15]	8 months
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[16]	14 days	May apply for eVisa.
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[17]	30 days
Barbados	Visa not required[18]	6 months
Belarus	Visa not required[19]	30 days
Belgium	Visa required[20]
Belize	Visa not required[21]	90 days
Benin	eVisa / Visa on arrival[22][23]	30 days / 8 days	Must have an international vaccination certificate.
Bhutan	Visa required[24]
Bolivia	Visa not required[25]	90 days
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[26]	90 days	90 days within any 6-month period
Botswana	Visa not required[27]	90 days
Brazil	Visa not required[28]	90 days
Brunei	Visa not required[29]	30 days
Bulgaria	Visa required[30]		Visa not required if holding a valid visa for Croatia, Cyprus, Romania or a Schengen Member State.[31]
Burkina Faso	Visa required[32]
Burundi	Visa required[33]
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[34]	30 days	Visa is also obtainable online.[35]
Cameroon	Visa required[36]
Canada	Visa required[37]
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival[38]
Central African Republic	Visa required[39]
Chad	Visa required[40]
Chile	Visa not required[41]	90 days
China	Visa required[42]
Colombia	Visa not required[43]	180 days	90 days - extendable up to 180-day stay within a one-year period
Comoros	Visa on arrival[44]	45 days
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[45]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Visa required[46]
Costa Rica	Visa not required[47]	90 days
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[48]	3 months	eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
Croatia	Visa required[49]		Visa not required if holding a valid visa for Bulgaria, Cyprus, Romania or a Schengen Member State.[50]
Cuba	Tourist Card required[51]
Cyprus	Visa required[52]
Czech Republic	Visa required[53]
Denmark	Visa required[54]
Djibouti	eVisa[55]	31 days
Dominica	Visa not required[56]	21 days
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[57]	90 days
Ecuador	Visa not required[58]	90 days
Egypt	Visa required[59]		Visa not required when travelling as part of the tourist group that consists of at least 10 persons. Visa on arrival for Turkish citizens younger than 20 or older than 45 years or an EU residence permit.
El Salvador	Visa not required[60]	3 months
Equatorial Guinea	Visa required[61]
Eritrea	Visa required[62]
Estonia	Visa required[63]
Eswatini	Visa not required[64]	30 days
Ethiopia	eVisa[65]	up to 90 days	eVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport
Fiji	Visa not required[66]	4 months
Finland	Visa required[67]
France	Visa required[68]
Gabon	eVisa / Visa on arrival[69]	90 days	Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.[70]
Gambia	Visa not required[71]	90 days
Georgia	Visa not required[72]	360 days[73]	ID card valid[74]
Germany	Visa required[75]
Ghana	Visa required[76]
Greece	Visa required[77]
Grenada	Visa required[78]
Guatemala	Visa not required[79]	90 days
Guinea	eVisa[80]	90 days
Guinea-Bissau	eVisa / Visa on arrival[81]	30 days
Guyana	Visa required[82]
Haiti	Visa not required[83]	90 days
Honduras	Visa not required[84]	3 months
Hungary	Visa required[85]
Iceland	Visa required[86]
India	Visa required[87]
Indonesia	Visa not required[88]	30 days	Select ports of entry.
Iran	Visa not required[89]	3 months
Iraq	Visa not required[90]		Citizens of Turkey are allowed visa free access only if arriving at Baghdad International Airport. Alternatively, they can obtain a visa on arrival at Al Najaf International Airport.
Ireland	Visa required[91]		May transit without a visa.[92] National visa may be substituted with a UK C visa holders until October 2021. Entry permitted only if first point of entry to the Common Travel Area is in the UK.[93]
Israel	Visa required[94]
Italy	Visa required[95]
Jamaica	Visa not required[96]	90 days
Japan	Visa not required[97]	90 days
Jordan	Visa not required[98]	3 months
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[99]	30 days
Kenya	eVisa / Visa on arrival[100]	3 months
Kiribati	Visa required[101]
North Korea	Visa required[102]
South Korea	Visa not required[103]	90 days
Kuwait	eVisa / Visa on arrival[104]	3 months
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[105]	30 days
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival[106][107]	30 days
Latvia	Visa required[108]
Lebanon	Multiple-entry visa on arrival[109]	3 months	Extendable for 1 additional month Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
Lesotho	eVisa[110][111]
Liberia	Visa required[112]
Libya	Visa required[113]		An authorization by the airport passport control is required when arriving without a visa.[113]
Liechtenstein	Visa required[114]
Lithuania	Visa required[115]
Luxembourg	Visa required[116]
Madagascar	eVisa / Visa on arrival[117]	90 days
Malawi	eVisa[118][119]	90 days
Malaysia	Visa not required[120]	3 months
Maldives	Visa on arrival[121]	30 days
Mali	Visa required[122]
Malta	Visa required[123]
Marshall Islands	Visa on arrival[124]	90 days
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[125]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.
Mauritius	Visa not required[126]	90 days
Mexico	Electronic Authorization System[127]	30 days	180 days visa free if holding a valid visa for Canada, Japan, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State.[128]
Micronesia	Visa not required[129]	30 days
Moldova	Visa not required[130]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period ID card valid[131]
Monaco	Visa required[132]
Mongolia	Visa not required[133]	30 days
Montenegro	Visa not required[134]	90 days
Morocco	Visa not required[135]	3 months
Mozambique	Visa on arrival[136]	30 days
Myanmar	eVisa[137]	28 days	eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. eVisa is available for tourism only.
Namibia	Visa on arrival[138]
Nauru	Visa required[139]
Nepal	Visa on arrival[140]	90 days
Netherlands	Visa required[141]
New Zealand	Visa required[142]
Nicaragua	Visa not required[143]	90 days
Niger	Visa required[144]
Nigeria	Visa required[145]
North Macedonia	Visa not required[146]	60 days
Norway	Visa required[147]
Oman	eVisa[148]	30 days
Pakistan	Electronic Travel Authorization[149]		Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[150] Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[151] Online Visa eligible.[152]
Palau	Visa on arrival[153]	30 days
Panama	Visa not required[154]	180 days
Papua New Guinea	Visa required[155]
Paraguay	Visa not required[156]	90 days
Peru	Visa not required[157][158]	183 days
Philippines	Visa not required[159][160]	30 days
Poland	Visa required[161]
Portugal	Visa required[162]
Qatar	Visa not required[163]	90 days
Romania	Visa required[164]		Visa not required if holding a valid visa for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or a Schengen Member State.[165]
Russia	Visa required[166]		eVisa for up to 8 days for Amur Oblast, Chukotka, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorye and Sakhalin regions of the Russian Far East for tourism, business and humanitarian purposes. Available at 6 airports, 5 seaports, some railway and road entry points.[Note 1]
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[167]	30 days
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[168]	3 months
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[169]	6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[170]	1 month
Samoa	Entry Permit on arrival[171]	60 days
San Marino	Visa required[172]
São Tomé and Príncipe	Visa not required[173]	15 days[174][175]
Saudi Arabia	Visa required[176]
Senegal	Visa on arrival[177]	90 days
Serbia	Visa not required[178]	90 days
Seychelles	Visitor's Permit on arrival[179]	3 months
Sierra Leone	Visa on arrival[180]
Singapore	Visa not required[181]	30 days
Slovakia	Visa required[182]
Slovenia	Visa required[180]
Solomon Islands	Visa required[183]
Somalia	Visa on arrival[184]	30 days	Available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.
South Africa	Visa not required[185]	30 days
South Sudan	Visa required[186]
Spain	Visa required[187]
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Visa on arrival[188]	30 days
Sudan	Visa on arrival[189]	1 month	Only if arriving directly from Turkey.
Suriname	E-tourist card[190]	90 days	Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[191]
Sweden	Visa required[192]
Switzerland	Visa required[193]
Syria	Visa required[194][195][196][197]
Tajikistan	Visa on arrival[198]	45 days	At Dushanbe International Airport. Visa also available online. E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[199]
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[200][201]	3 months
Thailand	Visa not required[202]	30 days	Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[203]	30 days
Togo	Visa on arrival[204]	7 days
Tonga	Visa on arrival[205]	31 days
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa not required[206]	90 days
Tunisia	Visa not required[207]	3 months
Turkmenistan	Visa required[208]
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival[209]	1 month
Uganda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[210]	3 months	May apply online.[211]
Ukraine	Visa not required[212]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period ID card valid[213]
United Arab Emirates	Visa required[214]		May apply online.[215]
United Kingdom	Visa required[216]		Transit Visa Required, unless other exemptions apply for Visa-free Direct Airside Transit.[217]
United States	Visa required[218]
Uruguay	Visa not required[219]	90 days
Uzbekistan	Visa not required[220]	30 days
Vanuatu	Visa not required[221]	30 days
Vatican City	Visa required[222]
Venezuela	Visa not required[223]	90 days
Vietnam	Visa required[224]		Prearranged visa obtained online through travel agencies available at Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Phu Quoc[225] or Da Nang airports. Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days.[226]
Yemen	Visa required[227]
Zambia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[228]	90 days
Zimbabwe	eVisa / Visa on arrival[229]	3 months

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa

•  Egypt Visa on arrival if provided being aged 45 years and above or 18 years and below or residence permit issued by Australia, Canada, USA and an EU Member state.[230][231]
•  Eritrea (outside Asmara) — visa covers Asmara only; to travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[232]
•  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara controlled territory) — Visa not required up to 3 months.[233]
•  Somaliland — Visa issued on arrival (30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival also permission from the federal government of Somalia is required).[234]
•  Sudan — All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.[235]
• Darfur — Separate travel permit is required.[235]

Asia

•  Hong Kong — Visa not required for 90 days.[236]
•  India — Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Mizoram, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[237][238][239]
•  Kazakhstan — Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[240]
• Kish Island — Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[241]
•  Macao — Visa not required for 30 days.[242]
• Sabah and Sarawak — These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[243]
• Maldives — With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[244]
•  North Korea outside Pyongyang – People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
•  Palestine — Visa not required. Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[245]
•  Taiwan — Visa on arrival for 30 days. Also eligible for an eVisa.[246]
• Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province — OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[247][248][249]
•  Turkmenistan — A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[250]
• Tibet Autonomous Region — Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[251][252]
• Korean Demilitarized Zone — restricted zone.
• UNDOF Zone and Ghajar — restricted zones.
• Phú Quốc — can visit without a visa for up to 30 days.[226]
•  Yemen — Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[253]

Caribbean and North Atlantic

•  Anguilla — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Canada, USA or United Kingdom visa.[254]
•  Aruba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[255]
• Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[256]
•  Bermuda — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US, UK or Canada visa.[257]
•  British Virgin Islands — Visa not required - 30 days.[258]
•  Cayman Islands — Visa required. Possible to visit with US Green Card if arriving directly from USA.[259]
•  Colombia — Visitors arriving at San Andrés must buy tourist cards on arrival.[260]
•  Curacao — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit .[261]
•  Montserrat — Visa required - eVisa Application Possible. Possible to visit with a multiple entry EU Member State, Canada or USA visa.[262]
•  Greenland — Visa required.[263]
• Margarita Island — All visitors are fingerprinted.[264]
•  Puerto Rico — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [265]
•  Saint Barthelemy — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[266]
•  Saint Martin — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[266]
•  Saint Pierre and Miquelon — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[266]
•  Sint Maarten — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[267]
•  Turks and Caicos Islands — Visa not required [268]
•  U.S. Virgin Islands — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [269]

Europe

•  Abkhazia — Visa required.[270]
•  Artsakh — Visa required (issued for single entry for 21 days/1/2/3 months or multiple entry visa for 1/2/3 months).[271][272]
  Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[273]
• Mount Athos — Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[274][275]
•  Republic of Crimea — Visa regime of Russia is applied.[276]
•  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — unlimited access;.[277] ID card valid[278]
• UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus — Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.[279]
•  Faroe Islands — Visa required.[280]
•  Gibraltar — Visa required.[281]
•  Guernsey – Visa required.[282]
•  Alderney – Visa required.[282]
•  Sark – Visa required.[282]
•  Isle of Man — Visa required.[283][284]
• Jan Mayen — Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[285] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[286]
•  Jersey – Visa required.[287]
•  Kosovo — Visa free for 90 days.[288]
• Closed cities and regions in Russia — special authorization required.[289]
•  South Ossetia — Visa free. Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[290][291]
•  Transnistria — Visa free. Registration required after 24h.[292]

Oceania

•  American Samoa — Visa required (entry permit).[293]
• Ashmore and Cartier Islands — special authorisation required.[294]
• Clipperton Island — special permit required.[295]
•  Cook Islands — Visa free access for 31 days.[296]
• Lau Province — Special permission required. If you are traveling to the Lau group of islands by yacht, you need special permission from your first port of entry into Fiji.[297]
•  French Polynesia — Visa required.[266]
•  Guam — Visa required.[298]
•  New Caledonia — Visa required.[266]
•  Niue — Visa on arrival valid for 30 days is issued free of charge.[299]
•  Northern Mariana Islands — Visa required.[300]
•  Pitcairn Islands — 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[301][302][303]
•  Tokelau — Visa required (entry permit).[304]
• United States Minor Outlying Islands — special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[305][306][307][308][309][310][311]
•  Wallis and Futuna — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[266]

South America

• Galápagos — Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[312]

South Atlantic and Antarctica

•  Falkland Islands — Visitor Permit valid for 4 weeks is issued on arrival.[313]
•  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  •  Ascension Island — eVisa for 3 months within any year period.[314][315]
  •  Saint Helena — eVisa.[316][317]
  •  Tristan da Cunha — Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[318]
•  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands — Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[319][320]
• Antarctica and adjacent islands — special permits required for  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331]
•  Arab League — Certain countries will deny access to holders of Israeli visas or passport stamps of Israel because of the Arab League boycott of Israel.

Non-ordinary passports

In addition to countries that provide visa-free access to all Turkish passport holders, holders of diplomatic or service Turkish passports have visa-free access to the following additional countries:

Type of passport	Visa-free access
Diplomatic passports only	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burundi, Chad, Ghana, Guinea, India, Liberia, Mali, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Uganda, United Kingdom, Zimbabwe
Diplomatic, special and service passports	Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kuwait, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malta, Mauritania, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands (including the Caribbean), Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,[332] Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Vatican City, Vietnam, Yemen

Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Cambodia and South Sudan allow holders of diplomatic, official, service and special passports issued to nationals of any country to obtain a visa on arrival. Yemen allows holders of diplomatic and service passports of Turkey to obtain a visa on arrival.

Some of the countries that exempt Turkish citizens from visa requirement offer longer period of stay or more beneficial terms to diplomatic or service passport holders than to the ordinary passport holders.

Consular protection of Turkish citizens abroad

Map of countries with Turkish representations

There are 142 resident embassies, 89 consulates and Total of 235 states that recognise Turkey.

See also List of diplomatic missions of Turkey.

Non-visa restrictions

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[333] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Main article: Carte Jaune

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[334]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[335]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[336] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[337] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[338]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[339][340] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[341]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[342] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[343] Lebanon,[344] Libya,[345] Sudan,[346] Syria,[347] and Yemen[348] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[349]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Main article: Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[350][351]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[352] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[353] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[354] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[355]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[356][357] Argentina,[358] Brunei, Cambodia,[359] China,[360] Ethiopia,[361] Ghana, Guinea,[362] India, Japan,[363][364] Kenya (fingerprints and photo),[365] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[366] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[367] Singapore, South Korea,[368] Taiwan, Thailand,[369] Uganda[370] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[371] [372] [373] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[374]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[375] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[376][377] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[378] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[379][380]

See also

• Visa policy of Turkey
• Turkish passport
• Foreign relations of Turkey

References and Notes

References

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Notes

1. Available entrance at:
   • Anadyr Airport
   • Blagoveshchensk Airport
   • Khabarovsk Airport
   • Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport
   • Vladivostok International Airport
   • Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport
   • Sea port of Korsakov
   • Sea port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
   • Sea port of Posyet
   • Sea passenger terminal of Vladivostok
   • Sea port of Zarubino
   • Railway checkpoints: Khasan, Makhalino, Pogranichny
   • Road checkpoints: Poltavka, Turiy Rog