PROX1

Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene.[5][6]

PROX1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2LMD
Identifiers
Aliases	PROX1, prospero homeobox 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601546 MGI: 97772 HomoloGene: 2069 GeneCards: PROX1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q32.3 Start 213,983,181 bp[1] End 214,041,510 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 H6|1 95.85 cM Start 190,118,035 bp[2] End 190,170,714 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001106 transcription corepressor activity • DBD domain binding • GO:0001131, GO:0001151, GO:0001130, GO:0001204 DNA-binding transcription factor activity • LBD domain binding • GO:0001078, GO:0001214, GO:0001206 DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding • GO:0001200, GO:0001133, GO:0001201 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • cell nucleus Biological process • dorsal spinal cord development • olfactory placode formation • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation • venous blood vessel morphogenesis • kidney development • lymphangiogenesis • lung development • dentate gyrus development • rhythmic process • ventricular septum morphogenesis • cardiac muscle cell differentiation • lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation • positive regulation of sarcomere organization • positive regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation • endocardium formation • hepatocyte differentiation • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • lymph vessel development • hepatocyte cell migration • transcription, DNA-templated • optic placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation • skeletal muscle thin filament assembly • neuronal stem cell population maintenance • positive regulation of endothelial cell migration • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of heart growth • ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis • positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation • retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye • multicellular organism development • regulation of transcription involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment • negative regulation of viral genome replication • brain development • branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis • positive regulation of cell cycle • lens development in camera-type eye • response to nutrient levels • hepatocyte proliferation • positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint • regulation of circadian rhythm • circadian rhythm • acinar cell differentiation • neural tube development • neuron differentiation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye • positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity • negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process • embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye • regulation of gene expression • cell fate determination • pancreas development • liver development • atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis • endothelial cell differentiation • inner ear development • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly • otic placode formation • aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis • cerebellar granule cell differentiation • negative regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • lens fiber cell morphogenesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5629	19130
Ensembl	ENSG00000117707	ENSMUSG00000010175
UniProt	Q92786	P48437
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001270616 NM_002763	NM_008937 NM_001360827
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001257545 NP_002754	NP_032963 NP_001347756
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 213.98 – 214.04 Mb	Chr 1: 190.12 – 190.17 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Interactions

PROX1 has been shown to interact with EP300.[7]

Production

PROX1 is produced primarily in the dentate gyrus in the mouse, and in the dentate gyrus and white matter in humans. Gene expression data for mouse, human and macaque from the Allen Brain Atlases can be found here.

Clinical significance

PROX1 is used as a marker for lymphatic endothelium in biopsy samples.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117707 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000010175 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Zinovieva RD, Duncan MK, Johnson TR, Torres R, Polymeropoulos MH, Tomarev SI (Dec 1996). "Structure and chromosomal localization of the human homeobox gene Prox 1". Genomics. 35 (3): 517–22. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0392. PMID 8812486.
6. "Entrez Gene: PROX1 prospero-related homeobox 1".
7. Chen, Qin; Dowhan Dennis H; Liang Dongcai; Moore David D; Overbeek Paul A (Jul 2002). "CREB-binding protein/p300 co-activation of crystallin gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. United States. 277 (27): 24081–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201821200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11943779.

Further reading

• Wigle JT, Chowdhury K, Gruss P, Oliver G (1999). "Prox1 function is crucial for mouse lens-fibre elongation". Nat. Genet. 21 (3): 318–22. doi:10.1038/6844. PMID 10080188.
• Mouta Carreira C, Nasser SM, di Tomaso E, et al. (2001). "LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymph vessels: expression in normal liver blood sinusoids and down-regulation in human liver cancer and cirrhosis". Cancer Res. 61 (22): 8079–84. PMID 11719431.
• Rodriguez-Niedenführ M, Papoutsi M, Christ B, et al. (2002). "Prox1 is a marker of ectodermal placodes, endodermal compartments, lymphatic endothelium and lymphangioblasts". Anat. Embryol. 204 (5): 399–406. doi:10.1007/s00429-001-0214-9. PMID 11789987.
• Duncan MK, Cui W, Oh DJ, Tomarev SI (2002). "Prox1 is differentially localized during lens development". Mech. Dev. 112 (1–2): 195–8. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00645-1. PMID 11850194.
• Chen Q, Dowhan DH, Liang D, et al. (2002). "CREB-binding protein/p300 co-activation of crystallin gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (27): 24081–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201821200. PMID 11943779.
• Wilting J, Papoutsi M, Christ B, et al. (2002). "The transcription factor Prox1 is a marker for lymphatic endothelial cells in normal and diseased human tissues". FASEB J. 16 (10): 1271–3. doi:10.1096/fj.01-1010fje. PMID 12060670.
• Petrova TV, Mäkinen T, Mäkelä TP, et al. (2002). "Lymphatic endothelial reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells by the Prox-1 homeobox transcription factor". EMBO J. 21 (17): 4593–9. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf470. PMC 125413. PMID 12198161.
• Hong YK, Harvey N, Noh YH, et al. (2003). "Prox1 is a master control gene in the program specifying lymphatic endothelial cell fate". Dev. Dyn. 225 (3): 351–7. doi:10.1002/dvdy.10163. PMID 12412020.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Dyer MA, Livesey FJ, Cepko CL, Oliver G (2003). "Prox1 function controls progenitor cell proliferation and horizontal cell genesis in the mammalian retina". Nat. Genet. 34 (1): 53–8. doi:10.1038/ng1144. PMID 12692551.
• Nagai H, Li Y, Hatano S, et al. (2003). "Mutations and aberrant DNA methylation of the PROX1 gene in hematologic malignancies". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 38 (1): 13–21. doi:10.1002/gcc.10248. PMID 12874782.
• Steffensen KR, Holter E, Båvner A, et al. (2005). "Functional conservation of interactions between a homeodomain cofactor and a mammalian FTZ-F1 homologue". EMBO Rep. 5 (6): 613–9. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400147. PMC 1299067. PMID 15143342.
• Qin J, Gao DM, Jiang QF, et al. (2005). "Prospero-related homeobox (Prox1) is a corepressor of human liver receptor homolog-1 and suppresses the transcription of the cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene". Mol. Endocrinol. 18 (10): 2424–39. doi:10.1210/me.2004-0009. PMID 15205472.
• Dudas J, Papoutsi M, Hecht M, et al. (2005). "The homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is highly conserved in embryonic hepatoblasts and in adult and transformed hepatocytes, but is absent from bile duct epithelium". Anat. Embryol. 208 (5): 359–66. doi:10.1007/s00429-004-0403-4. PMID 15232737.
• Reis RM, Reis-Filho JS, Longatto Filho A, et al. (2006). "Differential Prox-1 and CD 31 expression in mucousae, cutaneous and soft tissue vascular lesions and tumors". Pathol. Res. Pract. 201 (12): 771–6. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2005.08.010. hdl:1822/5789. PMID 16308102.
• Song KH, Li T, Chiang JY (2006). "A prospero-related homeodomain protein is a novel co-regulator of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α that regulates the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (15): 10081–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M513420200. PMC 1785292. PMID 16488887.
• Schneider M, Büchler P, Giese N, et al. (2006). "Role of lymphangiogenesis and lymphangiogenic factors during pancreatic cancer progression and lymphatic spread". Int. J. Oncol. 28 (4): 883–90. doi:10.3892/ijo.28.4.883. PMID 16525637.
• Shimoda M, Takahashi M, Yoshimoto T, et al. (2006). "A homeobox protein, prox1, is involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma". Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (20 Pt 1): 6005–11. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0712. hdl:2433/135812. PMID 17062673.
• Laerm A, Helmbold P, Goldberg M, et al. (2007). "Prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) is frequently inactivated by genomic deletions and epigenetic silencing in carcinomas of the bilary system". J. Hepatol. 46 (1): 89–97. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.033. PMID 17069925.

External links

• PROX1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q92786 (Prospero homeobox protein 1) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.