Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A

Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2A gene.[5][6] MEF2A is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family. In humans it is located on chromosome 15q26. Certain mutations in MEF2A cause an autosomal dominant form of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.

MEF2A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1C7U, 1EGW, 1LEW, 3KOV, 3MU6, 3P57
Identifiers
Aliases	MEF2A, ADCAD1, RSRFC4, RSRFC9, mef2, myocyte enhancer factor 2A
External IDs	OMIM: 600660 MGI: 99532 HomoloGene: 4080 GeneCards: MEF2A
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 15 (human)[1] Band 15q26.3 Start 99,565,417 bp[1] End 99,716,466 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7 C|7 36.72 cM Start 67,231,163 bp[2] End 67,372,858 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001105 transcription coactivator activity • DNA binding • protein dimerization activity • RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding • GO:0001131, GO:0001151, GO:0001130, GO:0001204 DNA-binding transcription factor activity • GO:0001077, GO:0001212, GO:0001213, GO:0001211, GO:0001205 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • histone deacetylase binding • chromatin binding • activating transcription factor binding • GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • protein heterodimerization activity • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding • SMAD binding • protein kinase binding • RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • GO:0001200, GO:0001133, GO:0001201 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component • transcription factor complex • nucleoplasm • nuclear chromatin • cell nucleus • cytosol Biological process • cellular response to calcium ion • cell differentiation • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • mitochondrial genome maintenance • dendrite morphogenesis • positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation • muscle organ development • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription, DNA-templated • nervous system development • ERK5 cascade • multicellular organism development • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • heart development • cardiac conduction • mitochondrion distribution • ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • apoptotic process • positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • MAPK cascade • positive regulation of glucose import Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4205	17258
Ensembl	ENSG00000068305	ENSMUSG00000030557
UniProt	Q02078	Q60929
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001130926 NM_001130927 NM_001130928 NM_001171894 NM_005587 NM_001319206 NM_001352614 NM_001352615 NM_001352616 NM_001352617 NM_001352618 NM_001365201 NM_001365202 NM_001365203 NM_001365204 NM_001365205 NM_001365206 NM_001365207 NM_001365208 NM_001365209 NM_001365210 NM_001365211	NM_001033713 NM_001291191 NM_001291192 NM_001291195 NM_001291196 NM_001357324 NM_001357325
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001124398 NP_001124399 NP_001124400 NP_001165365 NP_001306135 NP_005578 NP_001339543 NP_001339544 NP_001339545 NP_001339546 NP_001339547 NP_001352130 NP_001352131 NP_001352132 NP_001352133 NP_001352134 NP_001352135 NP_001352136 NP_001352137 NP_001352138 NP_001352139 NP_001352140	NP_001028885 NP_001278120 NP_001278121 NP_001278124 NP_001278125 NP_001344253 NP_001344254
Location (UCSC)	Chr 15: 99.57 – 99.72 Mb	Chr 7: 67.23 – 67.37 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

The process of differentiation from mesodermal precursor cells to myoblasts has led to the discovery of a variety of tissue-specific factors that regulate muscle gene expression. The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including myoD (MIM 159970), myogenin (MIM 159980), MYF5 (MIM 159990), and MRF4 (MIM 159991) are 1 class of identified factors. A second family of DNA binding regulatory proteins is the myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family. Each of these proteins binds to the MEF2 target DNA sequence present in the regulatory regions of many, if not all, muscle-specific genes. The MEF2 genes are members of the MADS gene family (named for the yeast mating type-specific transcription factor MCM1, the plant homeotic genes 'agamous' and 'deficiens' and the human serum response factor SRF (MIM 600589)), a family that also includes several homeotic genes and other transcription factors, all of which share a conserved DNA-binding domain.[supplied by OMIM][6]

Interactions

Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A has been shown to interact with:

• ASCL1,[7]
• EP300,[8]
• HDAC4,[9][10]
• HDAC9,[9][10]
• Histone deacetylase 5,[10]
• MAPK14,[11][12]
• MEF2D,[13]
• Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2,[14] and
• Thyroid hormone receptor alpha[8] and

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000068305 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030557 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Yu YT, Breitbart RE, Smoot LB, Lee Y, Mahdavi V, Nadal-Ginard B (October 1992). "Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors". Genes Dev. 6 (9): 1783–98. doi:10.1101/gad.6.9.1783. PMID 1516833.
6. "Entrez Gene: MEF2A MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide A (myocyte enhancer factor 2A)".
7. Mao Z, Nadal-Ginard B (June 1996). "Functional and physical interactions between mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 and myocyte enhancer factor 2A". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (24): 14371–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14371. PMID 8662987.
8. De Luca A, Severino A, De Paolis P, Cottone G, De Luca L, De Falco M, Porcellini A, Volpe M, Condorelli G (February 2003). "p300/cAMP-response-element-binding-protein ('CREB')-binding protein (CBP) modulates co-operation between myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor". Biochem. J. 369 (Pt 3): 477–84. doi:10.1042/BJ20020057. PMC 1223100. PMID 12371907.
9. Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T (September 1999). "HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor". EMBO J. 18 (18): 5099–107. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.18.5099. PMC 1171580. PMID 10487761.
10. Lemercier C, Verdel A, Galloo B, Curtet S, Brocard MP, Khochbin S (May 2000). "mHDA1/HDAC5 histone deacetylase interacts with and represses MEF2A transcriptional activity". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (20): 15594–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M908437199. PMID 10748098.
11. Zhao M, New L, Kravchenko VV, Kato Y, Gram H, di Padova F, Olson EN, Ulevitch RJ, Han J (January 1999). "Regulation of the MEF2 family of transcription factors by p38". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (1): 21–30. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.1.21. PMC 83862. PMID 9858528.
12. Yang SH, Galanis A, Sharrocks AD (June 1999). "Targeting of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases to MEF2 transcription factors". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (6): 4028–38. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.6.4028. PMC 104362. PMID 10330143.
13. Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC (October 1996). "MEF2 protein expression, DNA binding specificity and complex composition, and transcriptional activity in muscle and non-muscle cells". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (40): 24927–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24927. PMID 8798771.
14. Quinn ZA, Yang CC, Wrana JL, McDermott JC (February 2001). "Smad proteins function as co-modulators for MEF2 transcriptional regulatory proteins". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (3): 732–42. doi:10.1093/nar/29.3.732. PMC 30396. PMID 11160896.

Further reading

• Wang Q (2005). "Advances in the Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease". Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 7 (3): 235–41. doi:10.1007/s11883-005-0012-6. PMC 1783687. PMID 15811259.
• Wang Q (2005). "Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease". Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 20 (3): 182–8. doi:10.1097/01.hco.0000160373.77190.f1. PMC 1579824. PMID 15861005.
• Funk WD, Wright WE (1992). "Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: myogenin interacts with factors recognizing binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix, nuclear factor 1, myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2, and COMP1 factor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (20): 9484–8. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.9484F. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.20.9484. PMC 50156. PMID 1329097.
• Pollock R, Treisman R (1992). "Human SRF-related proteins: DNA-binding properties and potential regulatory targets". Genes Dev. 5 (12A): 2327–41. doi:10.1101/gad.5.12a.2327. PMID 1748287.
• Molkentin JD, Black BL, Martin JF, Olson EN (1996). "Cooperative activation of muscle gene expression by MEF2 and myogenic bHLH proteins". Cell. 83 (7): 1125–36. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90139-6. PMID 8548800.
• Hobson GM, Krahe R, Garcia E, Siciliano MJ, Funanage VL (1996). "Regional chromosomal assignments for four members of the MADS domain transcription enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) gene family to human chromosomes 15q26, 19p12, 5q14, and 1q12-q23". Genomics. 29 (3): 704–11. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9007. PMID 8575763.
• Mao Z, Nadal-Ginard B (1996). "Functional and physical interactions between mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 and myocyte enhancer factor 2A". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (24): 14371–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14371. PMID 8662987.
• Suzuki E, Lowry J, Sonoda G, Testa JR, Walsh K (1996). "Structures and chromosome locations of the human MEF2A gene and a pseudogene MEF2AP". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 73 (3): 244–9. doi:10.1159/000134348. PMID 8697817.
• Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC (1996). "MEF2 protein expression, DNA binding specificity and complex composition, and transcriptional activity in muscle and non-muscle cells". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (40): 24927–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24927. PMID 8798771.
• Black BL, Molkentin JD, Olson EN (1998). "Multiple Roles for the MyoD Basic Region in Transmission of Transcriptional Activation Signals and Interaction with MEF2". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.1.69. PMC 121453. PMID 9418854.
• Yang CC, Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC, Cruz TF, Prody CA (1998). "Interaction of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) with a mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK5/BMK1". Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (20): 4771–7. doi:10.1093/nar/26.20.4771. PMC 147902. PMID 9753748.
• Zhao M, New L, Kravchenko VV, Kato Y, Gram H, di Padova F, Olson EN, Ulevitch RJ, Han J (1999). "Regulation of the MEF2 Family of Transcription Factors by p38". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (1): 21–30. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.1.21. PMC 83862. PMID 9858528.
• Yang SH, Galanis A, Sharrocks AD (1999). "Targeting of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to MEF2 Transcription Factors". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (6): 4028–38. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.6.4028. PMC 104362. PMID 10330143.
• Iida K, Hidaka K, Takeuchi M, Nakayama M, Yutani C, Mukai T, Morisaki T (1999). "Expression of MEF2 genes during human cardiac development". Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 187 (1): 15–23. doi:10.1620/tjem.187.15. PMID 10458488.
• Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T (1999). "HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor". EMBO J. 18 (18): 5099–107. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.18.5099. PMC 1171580. PMID 10487761.
• Mao Z, Bonni A, Xia F, Nadal-Vicens M, Greenberg ME (1999). "Neuronal activity-dependent cell survival mediated by transcription factor MEF2". Science. 286 (5440): 785–90. doi:10.1126/science.286.5440.785. PMID 10531066.
• Lu J, McKinsey TA, Nicol RL, Olson EN (2000). "Signal-dependent activation of the MEF2 transcription factor by dissociation from histone deacetylases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (8): 4070–5. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4070L. doi:10.1073/pnas.080064097. PMC 18151. PMID 10737771.
• Lemercier C, Verdel A, Galloo B, Curtet S, Brocard MP, Khochbin S (2000). "mHDA1/HDAC5 histone deacetylase interacts with and represses MEF2A transcriptional activity" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 275 (20): 15594–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M908437199. PMID 10748098.
• Youn HD, Grozinger CM, Liu JO (2000). "Calcium regulates transcriptional repression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 by histone deacetylase 4". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (29): 22563–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000304200. PMID 10825153.

External links

• FactorBook MEF2A