GTF2A1

Transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2A1 gene.[5][6]

GTF2A1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1NVP, 5IYB, 5IYC, 5IY9, 5IY8, 5IY7, 5IYD, 5IY6, 5FUR, 5IYA
Identifiers
Aliases	GTF2A1, TF2A1, TFIIA, TFIIA-42, TFIIAL, general transcription factor IIA subunit 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600520 MGI: 1933277 HomoloGene: 56331 GeneCards: GTF2A1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human)[1] Band 14q31.1 Start 81,175,452 bp[1] End 81,221,377 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12 D3|12 Start 91,555,262 bp[2] End 91,590,487 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • TBP-class protein binding • DNA binding • GO:0001105 transcription coactivator activity • transcription factor binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • protein heterodimerization activity • RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding • GO:0000983 RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity Cellular component • transcription factor TFIIA complex • cell nucleus • nucleoplasm • transcription factor TFIID complex • cytosol • cytoplasm Biological process • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription, DNA-templated • snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2957	83602
Ensembl	ENSG00000165417	ENSMUSG00000020962
UniProt	P52655	Q99PM3
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_201595 NM_001278940 NM_015859	NM_031391 NM_175335
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001265869 NP_056943 NP_963889	NP_113568 NP_780544
Location (UCSC)	Chr 14: 81.18 – 81.22 Mb	Chr 12: 91.56 – 91.59 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Interactions

GTF2A1 has been shown to interact with TATA binding protein[7][8][9][10][11] and TBPL1.[12][13]

See also

• Transcription Factor II A

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of GTF2A1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Gtf2a1^{tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi} was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.[14] Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen[15] to determine the effects of deletion.[16][17][18][19] Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping[20]

Gtf2a1 knockout mouse phenotype

Characteristic	Phenotype
All data available at.[15][20]
Insulin	Normal
Homozygous viability at P14	Abnormal
Recessive lethal study	Abnormal
Body weight	Normal
Neurological assessment	Normal
Grip strength	Normal
Dysmorphology	Normal
Indirect calorimetry	Normal
Glucose tolerance test	Normal
Auditory brainstem response	Normal
DEXA	Normal
Radiography	Normal
Eye morphology	Normal
Clinical chemistry	Normal
Haematology 16 Weeks	Normal
Peripheral blood leukocytes 16 Weeks	Normal
Heart weight	Normal
Salmonella infection	Normal
Cytotoxic T Cell Function	Normal
Spleen Immunophenotyping	Normal
Mesenteric Lymph Node Immunophenotyping	Normal
Epidermal Immune Composition	Normal
Influenza Challenge	Normal

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000165417 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020962 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. DeJong J, Roeder RG (Nov 1993). "A single cDNA, hTFIIA/alpha, encodes both the p35 and p19 subunits of human TFIIA". Genes & Development. 7 (11): 2220–34. doi:10.1101/gad.7.11.2220. PMID 8224848.
6. "Entrez Gene: GTF2A1 general transcription factor IIA, 1, 19/37kDa".
7. DeJong J, Bernstein R, Roeder RG (Apr 1995). "Human general transcription factor TFIIA: characterization of a cDNA encoding the small subunit and requirement for basal and activated transcription". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (8): 3313–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3313. PMC 42156. PMID 7724559.
8. Langelier MF, Forget D, Rojas A, Porlier Y, Burton ZF, Coulombe B (Oct 2001). "Structural and functional interactions of transcription factor (TF) IIA with TFIIE and TFIIF in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (42): 38652–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106422200. PMC 4492724. PMID 11509574.
9. Ozer J, Mitsouras K, Zerby D, Carey M, Lieberman PM (Jun 1998). "Transcription factor IIA derepresses TATA-binding protein (TBP)-associated factor inhibition of TBP-DNA binding". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (23): 14293–300. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.23.14293. PMID 9603936.
10. Solow S, Salunek M, Ryan R, Lieberman PM (May 2001). "Taf(II) 250 phosphorylates human transcription factor IIA on serine residues important for TBP binding and transcription activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (19): 15886–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009385200. PMID 11278496.
11. Sun X, Ma D, Sheldon M, Yeung K, Reinberg D (Oct 1994). "Reconstitution of human TFIIA activity from recombinant polypeptides: a role in TFIID-mediated transcription". Genes & Development. 8 (19): 2336–48. doi:10.1101/gad.8.19.2336. PMID 7958900.
12. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
13. Teichmann M, Wang Z, Martinez E, Tjernberg A, Zhang D, Vollmer F, Chait BT, Roeder RG (Nov 1999). "Human TATA-binding protein-related factor-2 (hTRF2) stably associates with hTFIIA in HeLa cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (24): 13720–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13720. PMC 24131. PMID 10570139.
14. Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
15. "International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium".
16. Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (Jun 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
17. Dolgin E (Jun 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
18. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (Jan 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
19. White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP (Jul 2013). "Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes". Cell. 154 (2): 452–64. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022. PMC 3717207. PMID 23870131.
20. "Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium".

Further reading

• Ha I, Lane WS, Reinberg D (Aug 1991). "Cloning of a human gene encoding the general transcription initiation factor IIB". Nature. 352 (6337): 689–95. doi:10.1038/352689a0. PMID 1876184.
• DeJong J, Bernstein R, Roeder RG (Apr 1995). "Human general transcription factor TFIIA: characterization of a cDNA encoding the small subunit and requirement for basal and activated transcription". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (8): 3313–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3313. PMC 42156. PMID 7724559.
• Ozer J, Moore PA, Bolden AH, Lee A, Rosen CA, Lieberman PM (Oct 1994). "Molecular cloning of the small (gamma) subunit of human TFIIA reveals functions critical for activated transcription". Genes & Development. 8 (19): 2324–35. doi:10.1101/gad.8.19.2324. PMID 7958899.
• Sun X, Ma D, Sheldon M, Yeung K, Reinberg D (Oct 1994). "Reconstitution of human TFIIA activity from recombinant polypeptides: a role in TFIID-mediated transcription". Genes & Development. 8 (19): 2336–48. doi:10.1101/gad.8.19.2336. PMID 7958900.
• Ge H, Roeder RG (Jun 1994). "The high mobility group protein HMG1 can reversibly inhibit class II gene transcription by interaction with the TATA-binding protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (25): 17136–40. PMID 8006019.
• Ma D, Watanabe H, Mermelstein F, Admon A, Oguri K, Sun X, Wada T, Imai T, Shiroya T, Reinberg D (Nov 1993). "Isolation of a cDNA encoding the largest subunit of TFIIA reveals functions important for activated transcription". Genes & Development. 7 (11): 2246–57. doi:10.1101/gad.7.11.2246. PMID 8224850.
• Tang H, Sun X, Reinberg D, Ebright RH (Feb 1996). "Protein-protein interactions in eukaryotic transcription initiation: structure of the preinitiation complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (3): 1119–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.3.1119. PMC 40041. PMID 8577725.
• Kashanchi F, Khleif SN, Duvall JF, Sadaie MR, Radonovich MF, Cho M, Martin MA, Chen SY, Weinmann R, Brady JN (Aug 1996). "Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat with a unique site of TFIID inhibits negative cofactor Dr1 and stabilizes the TFIID-TFIIA complex". Journal of Virology. 70 (8): 5503–10. doi:10.1128/JVI.70.8.5503-5510.1996. PMC 190508. PMID 8764062.
• Zhou Q, Sharp PA (Oct 1996). "Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat". Science. 274 (5287): 605–10. Bibcode:1996Sci...274..605Z. doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.605. PMID 8849451.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Ozer J, Mitsouras K, Zerby D, Carey M, Lieberman PM (Jun 1998). "Transcription factor IIA derepresses TATA-binding protein (TBP)-associated factor inhibition of TBP-DNA binding". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (23): 14293–300. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.23.14293. PMID 9603936.
• Yokomori K, Verrijzer CP, Tjian R (Jun 1998). "An interplay between TATA box-binding protein and transcription factors IIE and IIA modulates DNA binding and transcription". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (12): 6722–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6722. PMC 22611. PMID 9618479.
• Na SY, Choi HS, Kim JW, Na DS, Lee JW (Nov 1998). "Bcl3, an IkappaB protein, as a novel transcription coactivator of the retinoid X receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (47): 30933–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.47.30933. PMID 9812988.
• Upadhyaya AB, Lee SH, DeJong J (Jun 1999). "Identification of a general transcription factor TFIIAalpha/beta homolog selectively expressed in testis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (25): 18040–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.18040. PMID 10364255.
• Kim HJ, Yi JY, Sung HS, Moore DD, Jhun BH, Lee YC, Lee JW (Sep 1999). "Activating signal cointegrator 1, a novel transcription coactivator of nuclear receptors, and its cytosolic localization under conditions of serum deprivation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (9): 6323–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.9.6323. PMC 84603. PMID 10454579.
• Lee SK, Anzick SL, Choi JE, Bubendorf L, Guan XY, Jung YK, Kallioniemi OP, Kononen J, Trent JM, Azorsa D, Jhun BH, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Meltzer PS, Lee JW (Nov 1999). "A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (48): 34283–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.48.34283. PMID 10567404.
• Teichmann M, Wang Z, Martinez E, Tjernberg A, Zhang D, Vollmer F, Chait BT, Roeder RG (Nov 1999). "Human TATA-binding protein-related factor-2 (hTRF2) stably associates with hTFIIA in HeLa cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (24): 13720–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13720. PMC 24131. PMID 10570139.
• Solow S, Salunek M, Ryan R, Lieberman PM (May 2001). "Taf(II) 250 phosphorylates human transcription factor IIA on serine residues important for TBP binding and transcription activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (19): 15886–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009385200. PMID 11278496.
• Xing J, Sheppard HM, Corneillie SI, Liu X (Jun 2001). "p53 Stimulates TFIID-TFIIA-promoter complex assembly, and p53-T antigen complex inhibits TATA binding protein-TATA interaction". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (11): 3652–61. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.11.3652-3661.2001. PMC 86992. PMID 11340159.