Azaperone

Azaperone is a pyridinylpiperazine and butyrophenone neuroleptic drug with sedative and antiemetic effects, which is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine. It is uncommonly used in humans as an antipsychotic drug.

Not to be confused with azapirone.
Azaperone
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		IM
ATCvet code
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life4 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.015.197
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H22FN3O
Molar mass327.403 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point90 to 95 °C (194 to 203 °F)
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Azaperone acts primarily as a dopamine antagonist but also has some antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties as seen with similar drugs such as haloperidol. Azaperone may cause hypotension and while it has minimal effects on respiration in pigs, high doses in humans can cause respiratory depression.

Veterinary use

The most common use for azaperone is in relatively small doses to reduce aggression in farmed pigs, either to stop them fighting or to encourage sows to accept piglets. Higher doses are used for anesthesia in combination with other drugs such as xylazine, tiletamine and zolazepam. Azaperone is also used in combination with strong narcotics such as etorphine or carfentanil for tranquilizing large animals such as elephants.[1] Use in horses is avoided as adverse reactions may occur.

The European Medicines Agency has established a maximum residue limit for azaperone when administered to pigs.[2]

Azaperone (under the brand name Stresnil) was approved for use in pigs in the USA in 1983, under NADA 115-732.[3]

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References
  1. "The Elephant Formulary". Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
  2. "Azaperone Summary Report (2)" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. November 1997. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
  3. "Rules and Regulations" (PDF). Federal Register. 48 (202): 48229. 18 October 1983. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
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