Gallamine triethiodide

Gallamine triethiodide
Clinical data
Trade names	Flaxedil
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
ATC code	M03AC02 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2,2’,2’’-[benzene-1,2,3-triyltris(oxy)]tris(N,N,N-triethylethanaminium) triiodide;
CAS Number	65-29-2 ;
PubChem CID	6172;
IUPHAR/BPS	356;
DrugBank	DB00483 ;
ChemSpider	5937 ;
UNII	Q3254X40X2;
KEGG	D02292 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:503442 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200993 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C30H60N3O3+3 · 3 I− (gallamine triethiodide); C24H45N3O3 (gallamine)
Molar mass	891.529 g/mol (gallamine triethiodide); 423.633 g/mol; (gallamine)
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES [I-].[I-].[I-].O(c1c(OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)cccc1OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H45N3O3/c1-7-25(8-2)16-19-28-22-14-13-15-23(29-20-17-26(9-3)10-4)24(22)30-21-18-27(11-5)12-6/h13-15H,7-12,16-21H2,1-6H3 ; Key:ICLWTJIMXVISSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil) is a non-depolarising muscle relaxant.[1] It acts by combining with the cholinergic receptor sites in muscle and competitively blocking the transmitter action of acetylcholine.[2] Gallamine is a non-depolarising type of blocker as it binds to the acetylcholine receptor but does not have the biological activity of acetyl choline.Gallamine triethiodide has a parasympatholytic effect on the cardiac vagus nerve, which causes tachycardia[3][4] and occasionally hypertension. Very high doses cause histamine release.

Gallamine triethiodide is commonly used to stabilize muscle contractions during surgical procedures.

It was developed by Daniel Bovet in 1947.[5]

The pharmaceutical is no longer marketed in the United States, according to the FDA Orange Book.

An ampoule of gallamine.

References

"Webster's Online Dictionary - Flaxedil". Retrieved 2008-12-15.
"RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information - FLAXEDIL". Retrieved 2008-12-15.
Morgenstern C, Splith G (October 1965). "[Studies on the causes of gallamine tachycardia and its antagonistic modification by beta adrenolytics]". Der Anaesthesist (in German). 14 (10): 298–301. PMID 4380161.
Walts LF (1963). "Ventricular tachycardia with gallamine and cyclopropane anesthesia". Anesthesiology. 24: 119. doi:10.1097/00000542-196301000-00024. PMID 13998750.
Raghavendra T (July 2002). "Neuromuscular blocking drugs: discovery and development". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (7): 363–7. doi:10.1258/jrsm.95.7.363. PMC 1279945. PMID 12091515.

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[1] "Webster's Online Dictionary - Flaxedil". Retrieved 2008-12-15.

[2] "RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information - FLAXEDIL". Retrieved 2008-12-15.

[pmid4380161-3] Morgenstern C, Splith G (October 1965). "[Studies on the causes of gallamine tachycardia and its antagonistic modification by beta adrenolytics]". Der Anaesthesist (in German). 14 (10): 298–301. PMID 4380161.

[pmid13998750-4] Walts LF (1963). "Ventricular tachycardia with gallamine and cyclopropane anesthesia". Anesthesiology. 24: 119. doi:10.1097/00000542-196301000-00024. PMID 13998750.

[pmid12091515-5] Raghavendra T (July 2002). "Neuromuscular blocking drugs: discovery and development". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (7): 363–7. doi:10.1258/jrsm.95.7.363. PMC 1279945. PMID 12091515.