Demographics of the United States

Demographics of the United States
Population	308,401,808 (2010 Census[lower-alpha 1]) (3rd); • Estimate 329,877,505 (2020) (3rd)
Density	86.16/sq mi (33.27/km2)
Growth rate	0.72% (2020)[1]
Birth rate	11.6 births/1,000 population (2020)[1]
Death rate	8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020)[1]
Life expectancy	78.7 years (2018)[2]
• male	76.2 years
• female	81.2 years
Fertility rate	1.71 children born/woman (2019)[3]
Net migration rate	3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)[1]
Age structure
Under 18 years	24.0% (2010)[4]
18–44 years	36.5% (2010)[4]
45–64 years	26.4% (2010)[4]
65 and over	13.0% (2010)[4]
Language
Official	No official language at national level. English is designated official in 32 of 50 states (and the 5 U.S. territories). Hawaiian is official in Hawaii, 20 native languages are official in Alaska, and Sioux is official in South Dakota.[5] Samoan is an official language in American Samoa,[6] Chamorro is an official language in Guam,[7] Chamorro and Carolinian are official languages in the Northern Mariana Islands,[8] and Spanish is an official language in Puerto Rico.[9]
Spoken	(primary language at home) English 78.2%; Spanish 13.4%; Other Indo-European 3.7%; Asian and Pacific island 3.3%; Other 0.8%;
	Source: The World Factbook[1]

The United States is the third-most populous country in the world, with an estimated population of 330,052,960 as of August 2, 2020.[10] The United States Census Bureau shows a population increase of 0.75% for the twelve-month period ending in July 2012. Though high by industrialized country standards, this is below the world average annual rate of 1.1%.[11] The total fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2019 is 1.71 children per woman,[3] which is below the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1.

Population pyramid of the United States in 2018

The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about 1.3% a year—from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000.[12] It is estimated to have reached the 200 million mark in 1967, and the 300 million mark on October 17, 2006.[12][13] Foreign-born immigration has caused the U.S. population to continue its rapid increase, with the foreign-born population doubling from almost 20 million in 1990 to over 45 million in 2015,[14] representing one-third of the population increase.[15] Population growth is fastest among minorities as a whole, and according to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2020, 50% of U.S. children under the age of 18 are members of ethnic minority groups.[16]

White people constitute the majority of the U.S. population, with a total of about 234,370,202 or 73% of the population as of 2017.[17] "Non-Hispanic Whites" make up 60.7% of the country's population, their share of the U.S. population is expected to fall below 50% by 2045, primarily due to immigration and low birth rates.[18]

Hispanic and Latino Americans accounted for 48% of the national population growth of 2.9 million between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2006.[19] Immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants are expected to provide most of the U.S. population gains in the decades ahead.[20]

The Census Bureau projects a U.S. population of 417 million in 2060, a 38% increase from 2007 (301.3 million),[21] and the United Nations estimates that the U.S. will be among the nine countries responsible for half the world's population growth by 2050,[22] with its population being 402 million by then (an increase of 32% from 2007).[23] In an official census report, it was reported that 54.4% (2,150,926 out of 3,953,593) of births in 2010 were to "non-Hispanic whites". This represents an increase of 0.3% compared to the previous year, which was 54.1%.[24]

Population

Counties in the United States by population per square mile of land area according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates and 2010 United States Census.[25][26] Counties more densely populated than the United States as a whole are in full blue.

States in the United States by population per square mile of land area according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates and 2010 United States Census.[25][26] States more densely populated than the United States as a whole are in full blue.

Counties in the United States by population growth since 2010 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2018 Annual Estimate of the Resident Population.[27] Counties with population growth greater than the United States as a whole are in dark green, counties with population growth slower than the United States in light green, and counties with declining populations in light red.

States in the United States by population growth since 2010 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2018 Annual Estimate of the Resident Population.[27] States with population growth greater than the United States as a whole are in dark green, states with population growth slower than the United States in light green, and states with declining populations in light red.

As of November 8, 2018, the United States is estimated to have a population of 328,953,020.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook estimated as of 2018,[1] unless otherwise indicated.

Immigration

In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful permanent residents (including many eligible to become citizens), 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents, and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants.[28] Among current living immigrants to the U.S., the top five countries of birth are Mexico (25% of immigrants), China (6%), India (6%), the Philippines (5%) and El Salvador (3%). Some 13% of current living immigrants come from Europe and Canada, and 10% from the Caribbean.[28] Among new arrivals, Asian immigrants have been more numerous than Hispanic immigrants since 2010; in 2017, 37.4% of immigrant arrivals were Asian, and 26.6% were Hispanic.[28] Until 2017 and 2018, the United States led the world in refugee resettlement for decades, admitted more refugees than the rest of the world combined.[29] From fiscal year 1980 until 2017, 55% of refugees came from Asia, 27% from Europe, 13% from Africa, and 4% from Latin America, fleeing war and persecution.[29]

Structure

The population is distributed as follows:
age (years)	men	women	total	% of total US	% male	% female	male/female ratio
0–14	31,255,995	29,919,938	61,175,933	18.73%	51.09%	48.91%	1.04
15–24	22,213,952	21,137,826	43,351,778	13.27%	51.24%	48.76%	1.05
25–54	64,528,673	64,334,499	128,863,172	39.45%	50.08%	49.92%	1.00
55–64	20,357,880	21,821,976	42,179,856	12.91%	48.26%	51.74%	0.93
65+	22,678,235	28,376,817	51,055,052	15.63%	44.42%	55.58%	0.80
all	161,034,735	165,591,056	326,625,791	100.00%	49.30%	50.70%	0.97

The median age of the total population is 38.2 years; the male median age is 36.9 years; the female median age is 39.5 years.

Birth rate

12.4 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 157th

Death rate

8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 86th

Total fertility rate

In 1800 the average U.S. woman had 7.04 children;[30] by the first decade of the 1900s, this number had already decreased to 3.56.[31] Since the early 1970s the birth rate has been below the replacement rate of 2.1 with 1.76 children per woman in 2017.[32]

The drop in the U.S. fertility rate from 2.08 per woman in 2007 to 1.76 in 2017 was mostly due to the declining birth rate of Hispanics, teenagers, and young women, although the birth rate for older women rose,[33] below the replacement rate of 2.1.

1.73 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

26.4 years (2015 est.)

Life expectancy

Total population: 78.6 years for a child born in 2017.[34]
Male: 77.8 years
Female: 82.3 years

The average life expectancy in the United States has been on a decline since 2014. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cites three main reasons: a 72% increase in overdoses in the last decade (including a 30% increase in opioid overdoses from July 2016 to September 2017, but did not differentiate between accidental overdose with a legal prescription and overdose with opioids obtained illegally and/or combined with illegal drugs i.e., heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, etc.), a ten-year increase in liver disease (men 25 to 34 increased by 8%; women by 11%), and a 33% increase in suicide rates since 1999.[34]

Density

The most densely populated state is New Jersey (1,121/mi² or 433/km²).

The population is highly urbanized, with 82.3% of the population residing in cities and suburbs.[1] Large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the United States (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prairie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast – with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage – and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu.[1] California and Texas are the most populous states, as the mean center of U.S. population has consistently shifted westward and southward.[35][36] New York City is the most populous city in the United States[37] and has been since at least 1790.

In the U.S. territories, population centers include the San Juan metro area in Puerto Rico,[38] Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands,[39] and the island of Tutuila in American Samoa.[40]

Growth

Population growth rate: 0.8%. Country comparison to the world: 130th

Births and fertility by race

U.S.-born people

Note: Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. Also note that growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.[41][42][43]

Race of mother	Number of births in 2014	% of all born	TFR (2014)	Number of births in 2015	% of all born	TFR (2015)	Number of births in 2016	% of all born	TFR (2016)	Number of births in 2017	% of all born	TFR (2017)	Number of births in 2018	% of all born	TFR (2018)
White	3,019,863	75.72%	1.876	3,012,855	75.73%	1.864
> Non-Hispanic whites	2,149,302	53.89%	1.763	2,130,279	53.54%	1.746	2,056,332	52.11%	1.719	1,992,461	51.68%	1.666	1,956,413	51.60%	1.640	1.81%
Black	640,562	16.06%	1.872	640,079	16.09%	1.853
> Non-Hispanic Blacks	588,891	14.77%	1.874	589,047	14.80%	1.857	558,622	14.16%	1.832	560,715	14.54%	1.824	552,029	14.56%	1.792	1.55%
Asian (incl. Pacific islander until 2015)	282,723	7.09%	1.715	281,264	7.07%	1.646	254,471	6.45%	1.690	249,250	6.46%	1.597	240,798	6.35%	1.525	3.39%
Native (incl. Alaska native)	44,928	1.13%	1.289	44,299	1.11%	1.263	31,452	0.80%	1.794	29,957	0.78%	1.702	29,092	0.77%	1.651	2.89%
Hawaiian (incl. other Pacific Islander)							9,342	0.23%	2.076	9,426	0.24%	2.085	9,476	0.25%	2.106	0.53%
Total	3,988,076	100%	1.862	3,978,497	100%	1.843	3,945,875	100%	1.820	3,855,500	100%	1.765	3,791,712	100%	1.729	2.29%

NOTE:

TFR = Total fertility rate (number of children born per woman).
Growth arrows (/) indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate, comparing to the previous year.

Ethnicity of mother	Number of births in 2014	TFR (2014)	Number of births in 2015	TFR (2015)	Number of births in 2016	TFR (2016)	Number of births in 2017	TFR (2017)	Number of births in 2018	TFR (2018)
Non-Hispanic (of any race)	3,074,011	1.793	3,054,449	1.770	3,027,428		2,956,736		2,905,502		1.73%
Hispanic (of any race)	914,065	2.131	924,048	2.124	918,447	2.093	898,764	2.007	886,210	1.959	1.40%

Foreign-born fertility rate (‰) by race
and those of Hispanic origin[44]
Race	2008	2011	2013
White	2.29	2.01	1.94
Black	2.51	2.57	2.35
Asian	2.25	2.02	1.93
Other	1.80	2.04	2.06
Hispanic (of any race)	3.15	2.77	2.46
Total	2.75	2.45	2.22

Immigration

Net migration rate: 3.8 migrants/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 35th
Net migration rate: 3.9 migrants/1,000 population (2017 est.)

As of 2017, 13.6% (44.4 million) of the population was foreign born – an increase from 4.7% in 1970 but less than the 1890 record of 14.8%. 45% of the foreign born population were naturalized US citizens. 23% (10.3 million) of the foreign born community is undocumented, accounting for 3.2% of the total population.[45] According to the 2010 census, Latin America and the Caribbean is the largest region-of-birth group, accounting for 53% of the foreign born population. As of 2018 this region is still the largest source of immigrants to the United States[46][47][48] In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and U.S. born children of immigrants (second-generation Americans) in the United States, accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population.[49] In 2018, 1,096,611 immigrants were granted either permanent or temporary legal residence in the United States[50]

Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents, Top Ten Sending Countries, 2018[48]
Country	2018
Mexico	160,132
Cuba	75,159
China	61,848
Dominican Republic	57,286
India	56,761
Philippines	44,776
Vietnam	33,236
El Salvador	22,884
Haiti	21,091
Jamaica	19,986

Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents by Region, 2018[48]
Region	2018
Asia	383,145
Americas	489,291
Africa	112,745
Europe	85,486
Oceania	5,422
Not Specified	20,522
Total	1,096,611

Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Type and Major Class of Admission[51]
Class of Admission (Adjustments of Status and New Arrivals)	2018
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens	478,961
Family-sponsored preferences	216,563
Employment-based preferences	138,171
Diversity	45,350
Refugees	155,734
Asylees	30,175
Parolees	14
Children born abroad to alien residents	69
Certain Iraqis and Afghans employed by U.S. Government and their spouses and children	10,297
Cancellation of removal	4,421
Victims of human trafficking	1,208
Victims of crimes and their spouses and children	15,012
Other	636

Vital statistics

Vital statistics from 1935

	Average population[52]	Live births[53]	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1,000)	Crude death rate (per 1,000)[54]	Natural change (per 1,000)	Total fertility rate[fn 1][55]
1935	127,362,000	2,377,000	1,392,752	984,248	18.7	10.9	7.7	2.19
1936	128,181,000	2,355,000	1,479,228	875,772	18.4	11.5	6.8	2.15
1937	128,961,000	2,413,000	1,450,427	962,573	18.7	11.2	7.5	2.17
1938	129,969,000	2,496,000	1,381,391	1,114,609	19.2	10.6	8.6	2.22
1939	131,028,000	2,466,000	1,387,897	1,078,103	18.8	10.6	8.2	2.17
1940	132,165,000	2,559,000	1,417,269	1,142,000	19.4	10.8	8.6	2.301
1941	133,002,000	2,703,000	1,397,642	1,305,358	20.3	10.5	9.8	2.399
1942	134,464,000	2,989,000	1,385,187	1,603,813	22.2	10.3	11.9	2.628
1943	136,003,000	3,104,000	1,459,544	1,644,306	22.8	10.7	12.1	2.718
1944	138,083,000	2,939,000	1,411,338	1,644,456	21.2	10.2	11.0	2.568
1945	139,994,000	2,858,000	1,401,719	1,456,281	20.4	10.0	10.4	2.491
1946	140,008,000	3,411,000	1,395,617	2,015,383	24.1	10.0	14.1	2.943
1947	145,023,000	3,817,000	1,445,370	2,371,630	26.6	10.0	16.6	3.274
1948	148,013,000	3,637,000	1,444,337	2,192,663	24.9	9.8	15.1	3.109
1949	149,336,000	3,649,000	1,443,607	2,205,393	24.5	9.7	14.8	3.110
1950	151,861,000	3,632,000	1,452,454	2,180,000	24.1	9.6	14.5	3.091
1951	154,056,000	3,823,000	1,482,099	2,340,901	24.8	9.6	15.2	3.269
1952	156,431,000	3,913,000	1,496,838	2,416,162	25.0	9.6	15.4	3.358
1953	159,047,000	3,965,000	1,447,459	2,517,541	25.2	9.1	16.1	3.424
1954	161,948,000	4,078,000	1,481,091	2,596,909	24.8	9.3	15.5	3.543
1955	163,476,000	4,097,000	1,528,717	2,568,283	25.0	9.3	14.3	3.580
1956	166,578,000	4,218,000	1,564,476	2,653,524	25.1	9.3	15.8	3.689
1957	169,637,000	4,308,000	1,633,128	2,666,872	25.3	9.5	15.8	3.767
1958	172,668,000	4,255,000	1,647,886	2,607,114	24.4	9.5	14.9	3.701
1959	175,642,000	4,244,796	1,656,814	2,587,982	24.0	9.4	14.7	3.670
1960	179,979,000	4,257,850	1,711,982	2,545,868	23.7	9.5	14.1	3.654
1961	182,992,000	4,268,326	1,701,522	2,566,804	23.3	9.3	14.0	3.629
1962	185,771,000	4,167,362	1,756,720	2,410,642	22.4	9.5	12.9	3.474
1963	188,483,000	4,098,020	1,813,549	2,284,471	21.7	9.6	12.1	3.333
1964	191,141,000	4,027,490	1,798,051	2,229,439	21.1	9.4	11.7	3.208
1965	193,526,000	3,760,358	1,828,136	1,932,222	19.4	9.5	9.9	2.928
1966	195,576,000	3,606,274	1,863,149	1,743,125	18.4	9.5	8.9	2.736
1967	197,457,000	3,520,959	1,851,323	1,669,636	17.8	9.4	8.4	2.578
1968	199,399,000	3,501,564	1,930,082	1,571,482	17.6	9.7	7.9	2.477
1969	201,385,000	3,600,206	1,921,990	1,678,216	17.9	9.5	8.4	2.465
1970	203,984,000	3,731,386	1,921,031	1,810,355	18.4	9.4	9.0	2.480
1971	206,827,000	3,555,970	1,927,542	1,628,428	17.2	9.3	7.9	2.266
1972	209,284,000	3,258,411	1,963,944	1,294,467	15.6	9.4	6.2	2.010
1973	211,357,000	3,136,965	1,973,003	1,163,962	14.8	9.5	5.3	1.879
1974	213,342,000	3,159,958	1,934,388	1,225,570	14.8	9.1	5.7	1.835
1975	215,465,000	3,144,198	1,892,879	1,251,319	14.6	8.8	5.8	1.774
1976	217,563,000	3,167,788	1,909,440	1,258,348	14.6	8.8	5.8	1.738
1977	219,760,000	3,326,632	1,899,597	1,427,035	15.1	8.6	6.5	1.789
1978	222,095,000	3,333,279	1,927,788	1,405,491	15.0	8.7	6.3	1.760
1979	224,567,000	3,494,398	1,913,841	1,580,557	15.6	8.5	7.1	1.808
1980	227,225,000	3,612,258	1,989,841	1,622,417	15.9	8.8	7.1	1.839
1981	229,466,000	3,629,238	1,977,981	1,651,257	15.8	8.6	7.2	1.812
1982	231,664,000	3,680,537	1,974,797	1,705,740	15.9	8.5	7.4	1.827
1983	233,792,000	3,638,933	2,019,201	1,619,732	15.6	8.6	6.9	1.799
1984	235,825,000	3,669,141	2,039,369	1,629,772	15.6	8.6	6.9	1.806
1985	237,924,000	3,760,561	2,086,440	1,674,121	15.8	8.8	7.0	1.844
1986	240,133,000	3,756,547	2,105,361	1,651,186	15.6	8.8	6.9	1.837
1987	242,289,000	3,809,394	2,123,323	1,686,071	15.7	8.8	7.0	1.872
1988	244,499,000	3,909,510	2,167,999	1,741,511	16.0	8.9	7.1	1.934
1989	246,819,000	4,040,958	2,150,466	1,890,492	16.4	8.7	7.7	2.014
1990	249,623,000	4,158,212	2,148,463	2,009,749	16.7	8.6	8.1	2.081
1991	252,981,000	4,110,907	2,169,518	1,941,389	16.2	8.6	7.7	2.062
1992	256,514,000	4,065,014	2,175,613	1,889,401	15.8	8.5	7.4	2.046
1993	259,919,000	4,000,240	2,268,553	1,731,687	15.4	8.7	6.7	2.019
1994	263,126,000	3,952,767	2,278,994	1,673,773	15.0	8.7	6.4	2.001
1995	266,278,000	3,899,589	2,312,132	1,587,457	14.6	8.7	6.0	1.978
1996	269,394,000	3,891,494	2,314,690	1,576,804	14.4	8.6	5.9	1.976
1997	272,647,000	3,880,894	2,314,245	1,566,649	14.2	8.5	5.7	1.971
1998	275,854,000	3,941,553	2,337,256	1,604,297	14.3	8.5	5.8	1.999
1999	279,040,000	3,959,417	2,391,399	1,568,018	14.2	8.6	5.6	2.007
2000	282,172,000	4,058,814	2,403,351	1,655,463	14.4	8.5	5.9	2.056
2001	285,082,000	4,025,933	2,416,425	1,609,508	14.1	8.5	5.6	2.030
2002	287,804,000	4,021,726	2,443,387	1,578,339	14.0	8.5	5.5	2.020
2003	290,326,000	4,089,950	2,448,288	1,641,662	14.1	8.4	5.5	2.047
2004	293,046,000	4,112,052	2,397,615	1,714,437	14.0	8.2	5.9	2.051
2005	295,753,000	4,138,349	2,448,017	1,690,332	14.0	8.3	5.7	2.057
2006	298,593,000	4,265,555	2,426,264	1,839,291	14.3	8.1	6.2	2.108
2007	301,580,000	4,316,234	2,423,712	1,892,522	14.3	8.0	6.3	2.120
2008	304,375,000	4,247,694	2,471,984	1,775,710	14.0	8.1	5.9	2.072
2009	307,007,000	4,130,665	2,437,163	1,693,502	13.5	7.9	5.6	2.002
2010	309,330,000	3,999,386	2,468,435	1,530,951	13.0	8.0	5.0	1.931
2011	311,583,000	3,953,590	2,515,458	1,438,412	12.7	8.1	4.6	1.894
2012	313,874,000	3,952,841	2,543,279	1,409,562	12.6	8.1	4.5	1.880
2013	316,129,000	3,932,181	2,596,993	1,336,183	12.4	8.2	4.2	1.857
2014	319,113,000	3,988,076	2,626,418	1,361,658	12.5	8.2	4.3	1.862
2015	321,442,000	3,978,497	2,712,630	1,265,867	12.4	8.4	4.0	1.843
2016	323,100,000	3,945,875	2,744,248	1,201,627	12.2	8.5	3.7	1.820
2017	325,719,000	3,855,500[56]	2,813,503[57]	1,041,997	11.8	8.7	3.1	1.765
2018	326,687,000	3,791,712[58]	2,839,205[59]	952,507	11.6	8.7	2.9	1.729
2019	328,239,523	3,745,540[3]	2,855,000	890,540	11.4	8.7	2.7	1.705[3]

Current vital statistics

[60]

Number of births :

from January–March 2019 = 895,000
from January–March 2020 = 887,000

Number of deaths :

from January–March 2019 = 746,000
from January–March 2020 = 774,000

Natural increase :

from January–March 2019 = 149,000
from January–March 2020 = 113,000

Historical data

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1790	3,929,214	—
1800	5,236,631	33.3%
1810	7,239,881	38.3%
1820	9,638,453	33.1%
1830	12,866,020	33.5%
1840	17,069,453	32.7%
1850	23,191,876	35.9%
1860	31,443,321	35.6%
1870	38,558,371	22.6%
1880	49,371,340	28.0%
1890	62,979,766	27.6%
1900	76,212,168	21.0%
1910	92,228,531	21.0%
1920	106,021,568	15.0%
1930	123,202,660	16.2%
1940	132,165,129	7.3%
1950	151,325,798	14.5%
1960	179,323,175	18.5%
1970	203,211,926	13.3%
1980	226,545,805	11.5%
1990	248,709,873	9.8%
2000	281,421,906	13.2%
2010	308,745,538	9.7%
Est. 2020	330,047,526	6.9%
Sources: United States Census Bureau[61][62][63] 2020 data (as of population clock)[10] Note that the census numbers do not include American Indian natives before 1860.

In 1900, when the U.S. population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million White Americans in the United States, representing 88% of the total population,[64] 8.8 million Black Americans, with about 90% of them still living in Southern states,[65] and slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics.[66]

Under the law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,[67] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased,[68] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007.[69] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s.[70]

In 1900, non-Hispanic whites comprised almost 97% of the population of the 10 largest U.S. cities.[71] The Census Bureau reported that minorities (including Hispanic whites) made up 50.4% of the children born in the U.S. between July 2010 and July 2011,[72] compared to 37% in 1990.[73]

In 2014, the state with the lowest fertility rate was Rhode Island, with a rate of 1.56, while Utah had the greatest rate with a rate of 2.33.[41] This correlates with the ages of the states' populations: Rhode Island has the ninth-oldest median age in the US—39.2—while Utah has the youngest—29.0.[74]

In 2017, the U.S. birth rate remains well below the replacement level needed – at least 2.1 children per woman so as not to experience population decreases – as white American births fell in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Among non-Hispanic white women, no states had a fertility rate above the replacement level. Among non-Hispanic Black women, 12 states reached above the replacement level needed. Among Hispanic women, 29 states did.[75] For non-Hispanic white women, the highest total fertility rate was in Utah, at 2.099, and the lowest in the District of Columbia, at 1.012. Among non-Hispanic Black women, the highest total fertility rate was in Maine, at 4.003, and the lowest in Wyoming, at 1.146. For Hispanic women, the highest total fertility rate was in Alabama, at 3.085, and the lowest in Vermont, at 1.200, and Maine, at 1.281.[75][76] Due to the aging and low birth rates among white people, deaths now outnumber births among white people (non-Hispanic) in more than half the states in the country.[77]

In 2018, U.S. births fell to the lowest level in 32 years.[78]

Median age of the population

Median age of the U.S. population through history. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Census, United States Census Bureau and The World Factbook.[55][79]

Years	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860	1870	1880	1890	1900
Median age of the total population	16.7	17.2	17.8	18.9	19.4	20.2	20.9	22.0	22.9
Median age of males	16.6	17.2	17.9	19.2	19.8	20.2	21.2	22.3	23.3
Median age of females	16.8	17.3	17.8	18.6	19.1	20.1	20.7	21.6	22.4

Years	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2018
Median age of the total population	24.1	25.3	26.5	29.0	30.2	29.6	28.1	30.0	32.9	35.3	37.2	38.2
Median age of males	24.6	25.8	26.7	29.1	29.9	28.7	26.8	28.8	31.7	34.0	35.8	36.9
Median age of females	23.5	24.7	25.2	29.0	30.5	30.4	29.8	31.2	34.1	36.5	38.5	39.5

Vital statistics

Map of population change in U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories from 2010 to 2019.

The U.S. total fertility rate as of 2018 is 1.728:

1.86 for white Americans (including White Hispanics)
- 1.64 for non-Hispanic whites
1.79 for non-Hispanic Blacks
1.65 for Native Americans (including Hispanics)
1.53 for Asian Americans (including Hispanics)

Other:[41]

1.96 for Hispanics (of all racial groups)

(Note that ≈95% of Hispanics are included as "white Hispanics" by CDC, which does not recognize the Census's "Some other race" category and counts people in that category as white.)

Source: National Vital statistics report based on 2010 US Census data[24]

Total Fertility Rates from 1800 to 2010

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Sources: Ansley J. Coale, Zelnik and National Center for Health Statistics.[80]

Years	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860	1870	1880	1890	1900[80]
Total Fertility Rate in the United States	7.0	6.9	6.7	6.6	6.1	5.4	5.2	4.6	4.2	3.9	3.6

Years	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010[80]
Total Fertility Rate in the United States	3.4	3.2	2.5	2.2	3.0	3.5	2.5	1.8	2.08	2.06	1.93

Life expectancy at birth from 1901 to 2015

Life expectancy in the United States from 1901 to 2015. Source: Our World In Data and the United Nations.

1901–1950

Years	1901	1902	1903	1904	1905	1906	1907	1908	1909	1910[81]
Life expectancy in the United States	49.3	50.5	50.6	49.6	50.3	50.2	50.1	51.9	52.8	51.8

Years	1911	1912	1913	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918	1919	1920[81]
Life expectancy in the United States	53.4	54.1	53.5	54.6	55.1	54.2	54.0	47.0	55.3	55.4

Years	1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929	1930[81]
Life expectancy in the United States	58.2	58.1	57.5	58.5	58.5	57.9	59.4	58.3	58.5	59.6

Years	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939	1940[81]
Life expectancy in the United States	60.3	61.0	60.9	60.2	60.9	60.4	61.1	62.4	63.1	63.2

Years	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950[81]
Life expectancy in the United States	63.8	64.6	64.3	65.1	65.6	66.3	66.7	67.3	67.6	68.1

1950–2015

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	68.7	1985–1990	74.9
1955–1960	69.7	1990–1995	75.7
1960–1965	70.1	1995–2000	76.5
1965–1970	70.4	2000–2005	77.2
1970–1975	71.4	2005–2010	78.2
1975–1980	73.3	2010–2015	78.9
1980–1985	74.4	2015-2020	78.8

Source: UN World Population Prospects[82]

Percent distribution of the total population by age: 1900 to 2015

Population pyramid of United States in 1950

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, United Nations medium variant projections.[83][84]

Ages	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2015
0–14 years	34.5	32.1	31.8	29.4	25.0	26.9	31.1	28.5	22.6	21.5	21.4	20.2	19.8
15–24 years	19.6	19.7	17.7	18.3	18.2	14.7	13.4	17.4	18.8	14.8	13.9
25–44 years	28.1	29.2	29.6	29.5	30.1	30.0	26.2	23.6	27.7	32.5	30.2
45–64 years	13.7	14.6	16.1	17.5	19.8	20.3	20.1	20.6	19.6	18.6	22.0
65 years and over	4.1	4.3	4.7	5.4	6.8	8.1	9.2	9.9	11.3	12.6	12.4	13.0	14.3
Total (%)	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	33.2	34.1

Population centers

The United States has dozens of major cities, including 31 "global cities"[85] of all types, with 10 in the "alpha" group of global cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Boston, San Francisco, Miami, Philadelphia, Dallas, and Atlanta.[86] As of 2011, the United States had 51 metropolitan areas with a population of over 1,000,000 people each. (See Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas.)

As of 2011, about 250 million Americans live in or around urban areas. That means more than three-quarters of the U.S. population shares just about three percent of the U.S. land area.[87]

The following table shows the populations of the top twenty metropolitan areas. Note Denver and Baltimore have over 2.5 million residents in their metro areas, and the San Juan (Puerto Rico) metro area has more than 2 million residents.[88]

Race and ethnicity

Counties in the United States by nonwhite population (i.e. excluding non-hispanic whites) according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[25] Counties with larger nonwhite populations than the United States as a whole are in full purple.

States in the United States by nonwhite population according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[25] States with larger nonwhite populations than the United States as a whole are in full purple.

Race

The United States Census Bureau collects racial data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and these data are based on self-identification. Many other countries count multiple races based on origin while America compiles multiple dozens of ethnicity groups into skin color grouping them together. The racial classifications and definitions used by the U.S. Census Bureau are:[90]

White: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.[91] It includes people who indicate their race as “White” or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian.
Black or African American: a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa.[91] It includes people who indicate their race as “Black, African Am.” or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian.
American Indian or Alaska Native: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.[91] This category includes people who indicate their race as "American Indian or Alaska Native" or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup'ik, Central American Indian groups, or South American Indian groups.
Asian: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.[91]
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.[91]
Some other race: includes all other responses not included in the “White,” “Black or African American,” “American Indian or Alaska Native,” “Asian,” and “Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander” racial categories described above includes Asians from Western Asia or Russia (non European Russia) and White Africans
Two or more races: people may choose to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, providing multiple responses, or some combination of check boxes and other responses.

Data about race and ethnicity are self-reported to the Census Bureau. Since the 2000 census, Congress has authorized people to identify themselves according to more than one racial classification by selecting more than one category. Only one ethnicity may be selected, however, because the U.S. Census recognizes only two ethnicities—Hispanic and Non-Hispanic—which are mutually exclusive since you can be one or the other, but not both. The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic" as any person who has an ancestral connection to Latin America.

According to the 2013–2017 American Community Survey, the racial composition of the United States in 2017 was:[92]

Race	Population (2017 est.)	Share of total population
Total	321,004,407	100%
One race	310,923,363	96.9%
White	234,370,202	73.0%
Black or African American	40,610,815	12.7%
American Indian and Alaska Native	2,632,102	0.8%
Asian	17,186,320	5.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	570,116	0.2%
Other races	15,553,808	4.8%
Two or more races	10,081,044	3.1%
White and Black or African American	2,657,560	0.8%
White and American Indian and Alaska Native	1,905,946	0.6%
White and Asian	2,057,321	0.6%
Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native	319,097	0.1%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	56,510,571	17.6%
Mexican	35,709,528	11.1%
Puerto Rican	5,418,521	1.7%
Cuban	2,158,962	0.7%
Other Hispanic or Latino	13,223,560	4.1%
Not Hispanic or Latino	264,493,836	82.4%
White (non-Hispanic)	197,277,789	61.5%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	39,445,495	12.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native (non-Hispanic)	2,098,763	0.7%
Asian (non-Hispanic)	16,989,540	5.3%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)	515,522	0.2%
Some other race (non-Hispanic)	715,432	0.2%
Two or more races	7,451,295	2.3%

Distribution of Total Population by Race, 1900 to 2010 (in %)

Hispanic are shown like part of the races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.[83][79]

Years	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000*	2010*
White	87.9	88.9	89.7	89.8	89.8	89.5	88.6	87.5	83.0	80.3	75.1	72.4
Black or African American	11.6	10.7	9.9	9.7	9.8	10.0	10.5	11.1	11.7	12.1	12.3	12.6
American Indian and Alaska Native									0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9
Asian and Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander									1.5	2.9	3.8	5.0
Some other race									3.0	3.9	5.5	6.2
Two or more races											2.4	2.9
Sum (%)	99.5	99.6	99.6	99.5	99.6	99.5	99.1	98.6	100	100	100	100

^*Data are shown for the White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and Some other race alone populations.

Median age of each race, 2010 (Not Hispanic)

Source: United States Census Bureau.[93]

Race	Median age (both sex) (years)	Median age (male) (years)	Median age (female) (years)
Total (Not Hispanic)	39.6	38.4	40.8
White	42.0	40.7	43.3
Black or African American	32.7	30.9	34.3
American Indian and Alaska Native	31.7	30.6	32.7
Asian	35.4	34.3	36.4
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	29.7	29.2	30.2
Two or More Races	19.0	18.1	19.8

Median age of each race, 2017 (Not Hispanic)

Source: United States Census Bureau.[93]

Race	Median age (both sex) (years)	Median age (male) (years)	Median age (female) (years)
Total (Not Hispanic)	40.5	39.1	42.0
White	43.5	42.1	45.0
Black or African American	34.2	32.3	36.0
American Indian and Alaska Native	33.6	32.4	34.8
Asian	36.9	35.5	38.1
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	32.9	32.4	33.4
Two or More Races	20.3	19.5	21.2

**Most common age by race/ethnicity, 2018**[94]
Race/ethnicity	White	Black or African American	Hispanic	Asian	American Indian and Alaska Native	Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander	Multiracial
Most common age	58 yo	27 yo	11 yo	29 yo	26 yo	28 yo	3 yo

**Racial breakdown of population by state (plus D.C. and Puerto Rico), 2015**[92]
State or territory	Population (2015 est.)	White	Black or African American	American Indian and Alaska Native	Asian	Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	Some other race	Two or more races
Alabama	4,830,620	68.8%	26.4%	0.5%	1.2%	0.1%	1.3%	1.7%
Alaska	733,375	66.0%	3.4%	13.8%	5.9%	1.2%	1.3%	8.4%
Arizona	6,641,928	78.4%	4.2%	4.4%	3.0%	0.2%	6.5%	3.2%
Arkansas	2,958,208	78.0%	15.5%	0.6%	1.4%	0.2%	2.1%	2.1%
California	38,421,464	61.8%	5.9%	0.7%	13.7%	0.4%	12.9%	4.5%
Colorado	5,278,906	84.2%	4.0%	0.9%	2.9%	0.1%	4.3%	3.5%
Connecticut	3,593,222	77.3%	10.3%	0.2%	4.2%	0.0%	5.1%	2.8%
Delaware	926,454	69.4%	21.6%	0.3%	3.6%	0.0%	2.3%	2.7%
District of Columbia	647,484	40.2%	48.9%	0.3%	3.7%	0.0%	4.2%	2.7%
Florida	19,645,772	76.0%	16.1%	0.3%	2.6%	0.1%	2.5%	2.4%
Georgia	10,006,693	60.2%	30.9%	0.3%	3.6%	0.0%	2.8%	2.1%
Hawaii	1,406,299	25.4%	2.0%	0.2%	37.7%	9.9%	1.1%	23.7%
Idaho	1,616,547	91.7%	0.6%	1.3%	1.3%	0.1%	2.4%	2.6%
Illinois	12,873,761	72.3%	14.3%	0.2%	5.0%	0.0%	5.8%	2.2%
Indiana	6,568,645	84.2%	9.2%	0.2%	1.9%	0.0%	2.3%	2.2%
Iowa	3,093,526	91.2%	3.2%	0.3%	2.0%	0.1%	1.3%	2.0%
Kansas	2,892,987	85.2%	5.8%	0.8%	2.6%	0.1%	2.2%	3.3%
Kentucky	4,397,353	87.6%	7.9%	0.2%	1.3%	0.0%	0.9%	2.1%
Louisiana	4,625,253	62.8%	32.1%	0.6%	1.7%	0.0%	1.0%	1.8%
Maine	1,329,100	95.0%	1.1%	0.6%	1.1%	0.0%	0.2%	2.0%
Maryland	5,930,538	57.6%	29.5%	0.3%	6.0%	0.0%	3.6%	3.0%
Massachusetts	6,705,586	79.6%	7.1%	0.2%	6.0%	0.0%	4.2%	2.9%
Michigan	9,900,571	79.0%	14.0%	0.5%	2.7%	0.0%	1.1%	2.6%
Minnesota	5,419,171	84.8%	5.5%	1.0%	4.4%	0.0%	1.5%	2.7%
Mississippi	2,988,081	59.2%	37.4%	0.4%	1.0%	0.0%	0.9%	1.2%
Missouri	6,045,448	82.6%	11.5%	0.4%	1.8%	0.1%	1.1%	2.4%
Montana	1,014,699	89.2%	0.5%	6.5%	0.7%	0.1%	0.5%	2.5%
Nebraska	1,869,365	88.1%	4.7%	0.9%	2.0%	0.1%	1.9%	2.2%
Nevada	2,798,636	69.0%	8.4%	1.1%	7.7%	0.6%	8.8%	4.4%
New Hampshire	1,324,201	93.7%	1.3%	0.2%	2.4%	0.0%	0.5%	1.8%
New Jersey	8,904,413	68.3%	13.5%	0.2%	9.0%	0.0%	6.4%	2.5%
New Mexico	2,084,117	73.2%	2.1%	9.1%	1.4%	0.1%	10.9%	3.3%
New York	19,673,174	64.6%	15.6%	0.4%	8.0%	0.0%	8.6%	2.9%
North Carolina	9,845,333	69.5%	21.5%	1.2%	2.5%	0.1%	3.0%	2.4%
North Dakota	721,640	88.7%	1.6%	5.3%	1.2%	0.0%	0.8%	2.2%
Ohio	11,575,977	82.4%	12.2%	0.2%	1.9%	0.0%	0.8%	2.5%
Oklahoma	3,849,733	73.1%	7.2%	7.3%	1.9%	0.1%	2.6%	7.8%
Oregon	3,939,233	85.1%	1.8%	1.2%	4.0%	0.4%	3.4%	4.1%
Pennsylvania	12,779,559	81.6%	11.0%	0.2%	3.1%	0.0%	2.0%	2.1%
Puerto Rico	3,583,073	69.7%	8.4%	0.3%	0.3%	0.0%	12.0%	9.3%
Rhode Island	1,053,661	81.1%	6.5%	0.5%	3.2%	0.0%	5.8%	2.8%
South Carolina	4,777,576	67.2%	27.5%	0.3%	1.4%	0.1%	1.5%	2.0%
South Dakota	843,190	85.0%	1.6%	8.6%	1.2%	0.0%	0.9%	2.6%
Tennessee	6,499,615	77.8%	16.8%	0.3%	1.6%	0.1%	1.5%	2.0%
Texas	26,538,614	74.9%	11.9%	0.5%	4.2%	0.1%	6.0%	2.5%
Utah	2,903,379	87.6%	1.1%	1.1%	2.2%	0.9%	4.5%	2.6%
Vermont	626,604	94.9%	1.1%	0.3%	1.4%	0.0%	0.3%	1.9%
Virginia	8,256,630	69.0%	19.2%	0.3%	6.0%	0.1%	2.2%	3.2%
Washington	6,985,464	77.8%	3.6%	1.3%	7.7%	0.6%	3.8%	5.2%
West Virginia	1,851,420	93.6%	3.3%	0.2%	0.7%	0.0%	0.2%	2.0%
Wisconsin	5,742,117	86.5%	6.3%	0.9%	2.5%	0.0%	1.7%	2.1%
Wyoming	579,679	91.0%	1.1%	2.2%	0.9%	0.1%	2.1%	2.7%

**Racial breakdown of population in the Insular Areas, 2010**[95][96][97]
Territory	Population (2010 est.)	White	Black or African American	American Indian and Alaska Native	Asian	Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	Some other race	Two or more races
American Samoa	55,519	0.9%	0.02%	—	3.6%	92.6%	0.1%	2.7%
Guam	159,358	7.1%	1.0%	—	32.2%	49.3%	0.3%	9.4%
Northern Mariana Islands	53,883	2.1%	0.1%	—	49.9%	34.9%	0.2%	12.7%
U.S. Virgin Islands	106,405	15.6%	76.0%	—	1.4%	0.01%	4.9%	2.1%

**U.S. Births by race/ethnicity in 2018**[78]
Year	White Alone	Black Alone	Hispanic	Native American Alone	Asian Alone	Pacific Islander Alone
2018	51.6%	14.6%	23.4%	0.8%	6.4%	0.3%

**Percentage distribution of the U.S. resident population 5 to 17 years old, by race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2017**[98]
Year	White	Black or African American	Hispanic	Asian	Pacific Islander	American Indian Alaska Native	Two or more races
2000	60%	15%	16%	3%	--	1%	2%
2017	51%	14%	25%	5%	--	1%	4%

**Percentage distribution of the U.S. resident population 18 to 24 years old, by race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2017**[98]
Year	White	Black or African American	Hispanic	Asian	Pacific Islander	American Indian Alaska Native	Two or more races
2000	62%	14%	18%	4%	--	1%	1%
2017	54%	14%	22%	6%	--	1%	3%

**Percentage of population between non-Hispanic whites and Minority by age group, 2013**[99]
Age group	85+	80-84	75-79	70-74	65-69	60-64	55-59	50-54	45-49	40-44	35-39	30-34	25-29	20-24	15-19	10-14	5-9	<5
non-Hispanic white	83%	81%	79%	78%	77%	74%	72%	69%	65%	61%	58%	57%	57%	56%	55%	54%	52%	50%
Minority	17%	19%	21%	22%	23%	26%	28%	31%	35%	39%	42%	43%	43%	44%	45%	46%	48%	50%

Hispanic or Latino origin

CensusViewer US 2010 Census Latino Population as a heatmap by census tract.

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines "Hispanic or Latino" as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. People who identify with the terms “Hispanic” or “Latino” are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the decennial census questionnaire and various Census Bureau survey questionnaires – “Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano” or ”Puerto Rican” or “Cuban” – as well as those who indicate that they are “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin.”[100] People who identify their origin as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.[90]

Hispanic or Latino and Race	Population (2015 est.)	Percentage of total population
United States population	316,515,021	100%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	54,232,205	17.1%
White	35,684,777	11.3%
Black or African American	1,122,369	0.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native	490,557	0.1%
Asian	181,231	0.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	46,724	0.0%
Some other race	14,226,829	4.5%
Two or more races	2,479,718	0.8%
Not Hispanic or Latino	262,282,816	82.9%

Population distribution by Hispanic origin 1970–2010 (in %)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census of population, 1970 (5-percent sample), 1980 to 2010.[79]

Years	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010
Not Hispanic or Latino	95.5	93.6	91.0	87.5	83.7
Hispanic or Latino	4.5	6.4	9.0	12.5	16.3
Total (%)	100	100	100	100	100

Median age of each race, 2010 (Hispanic)

Source: United States Census Bureau.[93]

Race	Median age (both sex) (years)	Median age (male) (years)	Median age (female) (years)
Total (Hispanic)	27.3	26.7	27.9
White	27.8	27.2	28.4
Black or African American	24.5	23.5	25.6
American Indian and Alaska Native	26.0	26.1	25.8
Asian	25.0	24.4	25.6
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	24.9	24.8	24.9
Two or More Races	19.6	19.1	20.0

Median age of each race, 2017 (Hispanic)

Source: United States Census Bureau.[93]

Race	Median age (both sex) (years)	Median age (male) (years)	Median age (female) (years)
Total (Hispanic)	29.3	28.8	29.8
White	29.8	29.3	30.3
Black or African American	26.8	25.8	27.9
American Indian and Alaska Native	28.6	29.0	28.1
Asian	27.2	26.5	27.8
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	27.8	28.1	27.4
Two or More Races	20.9	20.4	21.3

Note: Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race.

Indigenous peoples

As of 2017, there are 2,098,763 American Indian and Alaska Native people in the United States,[92] representing 0.7% of the U.S. population. There are 573 federally recognized tribal governments[101] in the United States. As of 2000, the largest groups in the United States by population were Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw, Sioux, Chippewa, Apache, Blackfeet, Iroquois, and Pueblo.

Other groups

There were 22.1 million veterans in 2009,[102] meaning that less than 10% of Americans served in the Armed Forces.[103]

In 2010, The Washington Post estimated that there were 11 million undocumented immigrants in the country.[104] As of 2017, Pew Research reported that there an estimated 10.5 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S.[105]

There were about 2 million people in prison in 2010.[106]

The 2000 U.S. Census counted same-sex couples in an oblique way; asking the sex and the relationship to the "main householder", whose sex was also asked. Community Marketing & Insights, an organization specializing in analyzing gay demographic data, reported, based on this count in the 2000 census and in the 2000 supplementary survey, that same-sex couples comprised between 0.99% and 1.13% of U.S. couples in 2000.[107] A 2006 report issued by The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation concluded that the number of same-sex couples in the U.S. grew from 2000 to 2005, from nearly 600,000 couples in 2000 to almost 777,000 in 2005. A 2006 UCLA study reported that 4.1% of Americans aged 18–45 identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[108]

A 2011 report by the Williams Institute estimated that 9 million adults identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, representing 3.5% of the population over 18.[109] A spokesperson said that, until recently, few studies have tried to eliminate people who had occasionally undertaken homosexual behavior or entertained homosexual thoughts, from people who identified as lesbian or gay.[110] (Older estimates have varied depending on methodology and timing; see Demographics of sexual orientation for a list of studies.) The American Community Survey from the 2000 U.S. Census estimated 776,943 same-sex couple households in the country as a whole, representing about 0.5% of the population.[108]

Projections

U.S. Census Population projections (2012)[111]
	2015	2050
White Americans¹	77.4%	70.8%
> Non-Hispanic Whites	61.8%	46.6%
Black Americans¹	13.2%	14.4%
Asian Americans¹	5.3%	7.7%
Multiracial Americans¹	2.6%	5.4%
Hispanics/Latinos (of any race)	17.8%	28.0%
¹ Including Hispanics

A report by the U.S. Census Bureau projects a decrease in the ratio of Whites between 2010 and 2050, from 79.5% to 74.0%.[112] At the same time, Non-Hispanic Whites are projected to no longer make up a majority of the population by 2045, but will remain the largest single ethnic group. In 2050 they will compose 46.3% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites made up 85% of the population in 1960.[113]

The report foresees the Hispanic or Latino population rising from 16% today to 30% by 2050, the Black percentage barely rising from 12.9% to 13.1%, and Asian Americans upping their 4.6% share to 7.8%. The United States had a population of 310 million people in October 2010, and is projected to reach 400 million by 2039 and 439 million in 2050.[21][114][115][116] It is further projected that 82% of the increase in population from 2005 to 2050 will be due to immigrants and their children.[117]

Of the nation's children in 2050, 62% are expected to be of a minority ethnicity, up from 44% today. Approximately 39% are projected to be Hispanic or Latino (up from 22% in 2008), and 38% are projected to be single-race, non-Hispanic Whites (down from 56% in 2008).[118] Racial and ethnic minorities surpassed non-Hispanic whites as the largest group of U.S. children under 5 years old in 2015.[119]

Pew Research Center projections

The United Nations projects a population of just over 400 million in 2060.[120]

Pew Research Center projections (2008)[121]
	1960	2005	2050
White Americans	85%	67%	47%
Hispanic Americans	3.5%	14%	29%
Black Americans	11%	13%	13%
Asian Americans	0.6%	5%	9%
Note: All races modified and not Hispanic; American Indian/Alaska Native not shown.

The country's racial profile will be vastly different, and although whites will remain the single largest racial group in the U.S., they will no longer be a majority by 2055 according to Pew Research Center. Growth in the Hispanic and Asian populations is predicted to almost triple over the next 40 years. By 2055, the breakdown is estimated to be 48% white, 24% Hispanic, 14% Asian, and 13% Black.[120]

As of 2015, 14% of the United States' population is foreign born, compared to just 5% in 1965. Nearly 39 million immigrants have come to the U.S. since 1965, with most coming from Asia and Latin America. The 2015 Census Report predicts that the percentage of the U.S. population that is foreign-born will continue to increase, reaching 19% by 2060. This increase in the foreign-born population will account for a large share of the overall population growth.[120]

The average person in the U.S. of 2060 is likely to be older than the average person of 2018 today, and almost one in four people will be 65 or older.[120]

U.S. Census Census Bureau projections

Percent minority 1970–2042 (2008 projections)[79]

Years	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2020	2030	2040	2042
Percent minority (%)	16.5	20.4	24.4	30.9	36.3	39.9	44.5	49.2	50.1

Note: “Minority” refers to people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic White alone in the decennial census.

Total US population

Year	Projection (Census Bureau)[21] (thousands)	Projection (UN)[122] (thousands)	Actual result
2010	310,233	309,011	308,745,538
2020	341,387	331,003
2030	373,504	349,642
2040	405,655	366,572
2050	439,010	379,419

Foreign-born population

As of 2017, there is a total of 44,525,458 foreign-born people in the United States[123] that represents the 13.5% of the total population of the country.

It is important to note that the foreign-born people are not necessarily recent immigrants, in general, Europeans have resided in the United States longer than the total immigrant population, approximately the 66 percent of the European inmigrants arrived prior to 2000.[124]

**Place of birth of the foreign-born population in the United States, 2017**[123]
Place of birth	Estimate	Percentage of total foreign-born people
Americas	23,241,959	52.2%
Caribbean	4,414,943	9.9%
> Cuba	1,311,803	3.0%
> Dominican Republic	1,162,568	2.6%
Central America (including Mexico)	14,796,926	33.2%
> Mexico	11,269,913	25.3%
> El Salvador	1,401,832	3.2%
South America	3,213,187	7.2%
Canada	809,267	1.8%
Europe	4,818,662	10.8%
Northern Europe	941,796	2.1%
Western Europe	949,591	2.1%
Southern Europe	761,390	1.7%
Eastern Europe	2,153,855	4.8%
Asia	13,907,844	31.2%
Eastern Asia	4,267,303	9.6%
> China	2,639,365	5.9%
> Korea	1,064,960	2.4%
South Central Asia	4,113,013	9.2%
> India	2,348,687	5.3%
South Eastern Asia	4,318,647	6.7%
> Philippines	1,945,345	4.4%
> Vietnam	1,314,927	3.0%
Western Asia	1,159,835	2.6%
Africa	2,293,028	5.2%
Eastern Africa	693,784	1.6%
Middle Africa	163,364	0.4%
Northern Africa	359,559	0.8%
Southern Africa	116,297	0.2%
Western Africa	837,290	1.9%
Oceania	263,965	0.6%
Australia and New Zealand Subregion	123,080	0.3%

Citizens living abroad

As of April 2015, the US State Department estimated that 8.7 million American citizens live overseas. Americans living overseas are not counted in the US Census unless they are a US government employee or the dependent of a US government employee.[125] A 2010 paper estimated the number of civilian Americans living abroad to be around 4 million.[126] So-called 'accidental Americans' are citizens of a country other than the United States who may also be considered U.S. citizens or be eligible for American citizenship under American nationality law but are not aware of having such status, or have only become aware of it recently during adulthood.[127]

Religion

Religious affiliations

Religion in the United States (2017)[128]

Protestantism (48.5%)

Catholicism (22.7%)

Mormonism (1.8%)

No religion (21.3%)

Judaism (2.1%)

Islam (0.8%)

Other non-Abrahamic religion (e.g. Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism) (2.9%)

The table below is based mainly on selected data as reported to the United States Census Bureau. It only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more. The definition of a member is determined by each religious body.[129] In 2004, the US census bureau reported that about 13% of the population did not identify themselves as a member of any religion.[130]

In a Pew Research Survey performed in 2012, Americans without a religion (atheists, agnostics, nothing in particular, etc.) approached the numbers of Evangelical Protestant Americans with almost 20% of Americans being nonreligious (compared to just over 26% being Evangelical Protestant). If this current growth rate continues, by 2050, around 51% of Americans will not have a religion.[131]

Surveys conducted in 2014 and 2019 by Pew indicated that the percentage of Americans unaffiliated with a religion increased from 16% in 2007 to 23% in 2014 and 26% of the population in 2019.[132][133]

Religious body	Year reported	Places of worship	Membership (thousands)	Clergy
!a	0000	−9999	−9999	−9999
African Methodist Episcopal Church	1999	no data	2,500	7,741
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	2002	3,226	1,431	3,252
American Baptist Association	2009	1,600[134]	100[134]	1,740
Amish, Old Order	1993	898	227	3,592
American Baptist Churches USA	2017	5,057	1,146[135]	4,145
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America	1998	220	65	263
Armenian Apostolic Church	2010	153	1,000	200
Armenian Catholic Church	2010		36
Assemblies of God	2018	13,017[136]	1,857[136]	38,199[136]
Baptist Bible Fellowship International	2010	4,000[137]	1,100[137]	4,190[137]
Baptist General Conference	1998	876	141	no data
Baptist Missionary Association of America	2010	1,272[138]	138[138]	1,525
Buddhism	2001	no data	1,082	no data
Christian and Missionary Alliance, The	1998	1,964	346	1,629
Christian Brethren (Plymouth Brethren)	1997	1,150	100	no data
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)	2018	3,624	382[139]	2,066
Christian churches and churches of Christ	1998	5,579	1,072	5,525
Christian Congregation, Inc., The	1998	1,438	117	1,436
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	1983	2,340	719	no data
Christian Reformed Church in North America	1998	733	199	655
Church of God in Christ	1991	15,300	5,500	28,988
Church of God of Prophecy	1997	1,908	77	2,000
Church of God (Anderson, IN)	1998	2,353	234	3,034
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)	1995	6,060	753	3,121
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints	2014	14,018	6,466	38,259
Church of the Brethren	1997	1,095	141	827
Church of the Nazarene	1998	5,101	627	4,598
Churches of Christ	2019	11,989[140]	1,116[140]	14,500
Conservative Baptist Association of America	1998	1,200	200	no data
Community of Christ	1998	1,236	140	19,319
Coptic Orthodox Church	2003	200	1,000	200
Cumberland Presbyterian Church	1998	774	87	630
Episcopal Church	2018	6,423[141]	1,676[141]	8,131
Evangelical Covenant Church, The	1998	628	97	607
Evangelical Free Church of America, The	1995	1,224	243	1,936
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America	2018	9,091[142]	3,363[142]	9,646
Evangelical Presbyterian Church	1998	187	61	262
Free Methodist Church of North America	1998	990	73	no data
Full Gospel Fellowship	1999	896	275	2,070
General Association of General Baptists	1997	790	72	1,085
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches	1998	1,415	102	no data
U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches	1996	368	82	590
Grace Gospel Fellowship	1992	128	60	160
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America	2006	560[143]	1,500[143]	840[143]
Hinduism	2001	no data	766	no data
Independent Fundamental Churches of America	1999	659	62	no data
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel	1998	1,851	238	4,900
International Council of Community Churches	1998	150	250	182
International Pentecostal Holiness Church	1998	1,716	177	1507
Islam	2011	no data	2,600	no data
Jainism	no data	no data	50	no data
Jehovah's Witnesses	2014	13,871	1,243	no data
Judaism	2006	3,727	6,588	no data
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, The	2017	6,046[144]	1,969[144]	6,055[144]
Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric	2010	19	50	no data
Mennonite Church USA	2005	943	114	no data
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches	1998	416	67	534
National Association of Free Will Baptists	2007	2,369[145]	186[145]	3,915[145]
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.	1987	2,500	3,500	8,000
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.	1992	33,000	8,200	32,832
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America	2004	300[146]	400[146]	no data
Orthodox Church in America	2010	750[147]	131[147]	970[147]
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc.	1998	1,750	1,500	4,500
Pentecostal Church of God	1998	1,237	104	no data
Pentecostal Church International, United	2008	28,351	4,037	22,881
Presbyterian Church in America	1997	1,340	280	1,642
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)	2018	9,161[148]	1,353[148]	19,243[148]
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.	2017	1,200[146]	1,500[146]	no data
Reformed Church in America	2018	902	200[149]	915
Religious Society of Friends	1994	1,200	104	no data
Roman Catholic Church	2002	19,484	66,404	50,017 (1997)[150]
Romanian Orthodox Episcopate	1996	37	65	37
Salvation Army, The	1998	1,388	471	2,920
Scientology	2005	1,300	55[151]	1
Serbian Orthodox Church	1986	68	67	60
Seventh-day Adventist Church	1998	4,405	840	2,454
Sikhism	1999	244	80	no data
Southern Baptist Convention	2019	47,530[152]	14,525[152]	71,520
Unitarian Universalism	2001	no data	629	no data
United Church of Christ	2016	5,000	880	5,868
United House of Prayer for All People	no data	100	25	no data
United Methodist Church, The	2018	36,170	6,672[153]	no data
Wesleyan Church, The	1998	1,590	120	1,806
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod	2018	1,281[154]	359[154]	1,222
Zoroastrianism	2006	no data	11	no data
~z	9999	99999999	99999999	99999999

Religious affiliation within each state that has the largest deviation compared to the national average, 2001.
Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2014.
Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.

According to Pew Research Center study released in 2018, by 2040, Islam will surpass Judaism to become the second largest religion in the US due to higher immigration and birth rates.[155]

Religions of U.S. adults

The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723; 2001 sample size was 50,281.

Adult respondents were asked the open-ended question, "What is your religion, if any?". Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was "Protestant" or "Christian" further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one-third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions.

Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008[156]
Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of "no religion" than any other group.

**Source:ARIS 2008**[156]
Group	1990 adults × 1,000	2001 adults × 1,000	2008 adults × 1,000	Numerical Change 1990– 2008 as % of 1990	1990 % of adults	2001 % of adults	2008 % of adults	change in % of total adults 1990– 2008
Adult population, total	175,440	207,983	228,182	30.1%
Adult population, Responded	171,409	196,683	216,367	26.2%	97.7%	94.6%	94.8%	−2.9%
Total Christian	151,225	159,514	173,402	14.7%	86.2%	76.7%	76.0%	−10.2%
Catholic	46,004	50,873	57,199	24.3%	26.2%	24.5%	25.1%	−1.2%
Non-Catholic Christian	105,221	108,641	116,203	10.4%	60.0%	52.2%	50.9%	−9.0%
Baptist	33,964	33,820	36,148	6.4%	19.4%	16.3%	15.8%	−3.5%
Mainline Protestant	32,784	35,788	29,375	−10.4%	18.7%	17.2%	12.9%	−5.8%
Methodist	14,174	14,039	11,366	−19.8%	8.1%	6.8%	5.0%	−3.1%
Lutheran	9,110	9,580	8,674	−4.8%	5.2%	4.6%	3.8%	−1.4%
Presbyterian	4,985	5,596	4,723	−5.3%	2.8%	2.7%	2.1%	−0.8%
Episcopalian/Anglican	3,043	3,451	2,405	−21.0%	1.7%	1.7%	1.1%	−0.7%
United Church of Christ	438	1,378	736	68.0%	0.2%	0.7%	0.3%	0.1%
Christian Generic	25,980	22,546	32,441	24.9%	14.8%	10.8%	14.2%	−0.6%
Jehovah's Witness	1,381	1,331	1,914	38.6%	0.8%	0.6%	0.8%	0.1%
Christian Unspecified	8,073	14,190	16,384	102.9%	4.6%	6.8%	7.2%	2.6%
Non-denominational Christian	194	2,489	8,032	4040.2%	0.1%	1.2%	3.5%	3.4%
Protestant – Unspecified	17,214	4,647	5,187	−69.9%	9.8%	2.2%	2.3%	−7.5%
Evangelical/Born Again	546	1,088	2,154	294.5%	0.3%	0.5%	0.9%	0.6%
Pentecostal/Charismatic	5,647	7,831	7,948	40.7%	3.2%	3.8%	3.5%	0.3%
Pentecostal – Unspecified	3,116	4,407	5,416	73.8%	1.8%	2.1%	2.4%	0.6%
Assemblies of God	617	1,105	810	31.3%	0.4%	0.5%	0.4%	0.0%
Church of God	590	943	663	12.4%	0.3%	0.5%	0.3%	0.0%
Other Protestant Denomination	4,630	5,949	7,131	54.0%	2.6%	2.9%	3.1%	0.5%
Seventh-Day Adventist	668	724	938	40.4%	0.4%	0.3%	0.4%	0.0%
Churches of Christ	1,769	2,593	1,921	8.6%	1.0%	1.2%	0.8%	−0.2%
Mormon/Latter-Day Saints	2,487	2,697	3,158	27.0%	1.4%	1.3%	1.4%	0.0%
Total non-Christian religions	5,853	7,740	8,796	50.3%	3.3%	3.7%	3.9%	0.5%
Jewish	3,137	2,837	2,680	−14.6%	1.8%	1.4%	1.2%	−0.6%
Eastern Religions	687	2,020	1,961	185.4%	0.4%	1.0%	0.9%	0.5%
Buddhist	404	1,082	1,189	194.3%	0.2%	0.5%	0.5%	0.3%
Muslim	527	1,104	1,349	156.0%	0.3%	0.5%	0.6%	0.3%
New Religious Movements & Others	1,296	1,770	2,804	116.4%	0.7%	0.9%	1.2%	0.5%
None/ No religion, total	14,331	29,481	34,169	138.4%	8.2%	14.2%	15.0%	6.8%
Agnostic+Atheist	1,186	1,893	3,606	204.0%	0.7%	0.9%	1.6%	0.9%
Did Not Know/ Refused to reply	4,031	11,300	11,815	193.1%	2.3%	5.4%	5.2%	2.9%

States in the United States by Catholic population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[157] States with Catholic population greater than the United States as a whole are in full red.
States in the United States by Evangelical Protestant population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[157] States with Evangelical Protestant populations greater than the United States as a whole are in full orange.

States in the United States by Mainline or Black Protestant population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[157] States with Mainline or Black Protestant population greater than the United States as a whole are in full purple.
States in the United States by non-Christian (e.g. Non-religious, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist) population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[157] States with non-Christian populations greater than the United States as a whole are in full blue.

States in the United States by non-Protestant and non-Catholic Christian (e.g. Mormon, Jehovah's Witness, Eastern Orthodox) population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[157] States with non-Catholic/non-Protestant Christian population greater than the United States as a whole are in full green.

Income

In 2006, the median household income in the United States was around $46,326. Household and personal income depends on variables such as race, number of income earners, educational attainment and marital status.

Median income levels
Households			Persons, age 25 or older with earnings			Household income by race or ethnicity
All households	Dual earner households	Per household member	Males	Females	Both sexes	Asian	Non-Hispanic White	Hispanic (of any race)	Black
$46,326	$67,348	$23,535	$39,403	$26,507	$32,140	$57,518	$48,977	$34,241	$30,134

Median personal income by educational attainment
Measure	Some High School	High school graduate	Some college	Associate's degree	Bachelor's degree or higher	Bachelor's degree	Master's degree	Professional degree	Doctorate degree
Persons, age 25+ w/ earnings	$20,321	$26,505	$31,054	$35,009	$49,303	$43,143	$52,390	$82,473	$70,853
Male, age 25+ w/ earnings	$24,192	$32,085	$39,150	$42,382	$60,493	$52,265	$67,123	$100,000	$78,324
Female, age 25+ w/ earnings	$15,073	$21,117	$25,185	$29,510	$40,483	$36,532	$45,730	$66,055	$54,666
Persons, age 25+, employed full-time	$25,039	$31,539	$37,135	$40,588	$56,078	$50,944	$61,273	$100,000	$79,401
Household	$22,718	$36,835	$45,854	$51,970	$73,446	$68,728	$78,541	$100,000	$96,830

Household income distribution
Bottom 10%	Bottom 20%	Bottom 25%	Middle 33%	Middle 20%	Top 25%	Top 20%	Top 5%	Top 1.5%	Top 1%
$0 to $10,500	$0 to $18,500	$0 to $22,500	$30,000 to $62,500	$35,000 to $55,000	$77,500 and up	$92,000 and up	$167,000 and up	$250,000 and up	$350,000 and up
Source: US Census Bureau, 2006; income statistics for the year 2005

Counties in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population with bachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[158] Counties with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
States in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population with bachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[158] States with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.

Counties in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[159] Counties with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
States in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[159] States with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.

Counties in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[159] Counties with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
States in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[159] States with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.

Counties in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[159] Counties with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
States in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[159] States with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.

Economic class

Social classes in the United States lack distinct boundaries and may overlap. Even their existence (when distinguished from economic strata) is controversial. The following table provides a summary of some prominent academic theories on the stratification of American society:

Academic class models
Dennis Gilbert, 2002		William Thompson & Joseph Hickey, 2005		Leonard Beeghley, 2004
Class	Typical characteristics	Class	Typical characteristics	Class	Typical characteristics
Capitalist class (1%)	Top-level executives, high-rung politicians, heirs. Ivy League education common.	Upper class (1%)	Top-level executives, celebrities, heirs; income of $500,000+ common. Ivy league education common.	The super-rich (0.9%)	Multi-millionaires whose incomes commonly exceed $350,000; includes celebrities and powerful executives/politicians. Ivy League education common.
Upper middle class^[1] (15%)	Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees), most commonly salaried, professionals and middle management with large work autonomy.	Upper middle class^[1] (15%)	Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees) professionals & managers with household incomes varying from the high 5-figure range to commonly above $100,000.	The rich (5%)	Households with net worth of $1 million or more; largely in the form of home equity. Generally have college degrees.
Upper middle class^[1] (15%)		Upper middle class^[1] (15%)		Middle class (plurality/ majority?; ca. 46%)	College-educated workers with considerably higher-than-average incomes and compensation; a man making $57,000 and a woman making $40,000 may be typical.
Lower middle class (30%)	Semi-professionals and craftsmen with a roughly average standard of living. Most have some college education and are white-collar.	Lower middle class (32%)	Semi-professionals and craftsmen with some work autonomy; household incomes commonly range from $35,000 to $75,000. Typically, some college education.
Working class (30%)	Clerical and most blue-collar workers whose work is highly routinized. Standard of living varies depending on number of income earners, but is commonly just adequate. High school education.	Lower middle class (32%)
Working class (30%)		Working class (32%)	Clerical, pink- and blue-collar workers with often low job security; common household incomes range from $16,000 to $30,000. High school education.	Working class (ca. 40–45%)	Blue-collar workers and those whose jobs are highly routinized with low economic security; a man making $40,000 and a woman making $26,000 may be typical. High school education.
Working poor (13%)	Service, low-rung clerical and some blue-collar workers. High economic insecurity and risk of poverty. Some high school education.	Working class (32%)
Working poor (13%)		Lower class (ca. 14–20%)	Those who occupy poorly-paid positions or rely on government transfers. Some high school education.
Underclass (12%)	Those with limited or no participation in the labor force. Reliant on government transfers. Some high school education.	Lower class (ca. 14–20%)		The poor (ca. 12%)	Those living below the poverty line with limited to no participation in the labor force; a household income of $18,000 may be typical. Some high school education.
References: Gilbert, D. (2002) The American Class Structure: In An Age of Growing Inequality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, ISBN 0534541100. (see also Gilbert Model); Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005). Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon; Beeghley, L. (2004). The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon. ¹ The upper middle class may also be referred to as "Professional class" Ehrenreich, B. (1989). The Inner Life of the Middle Class. NY, NY: Harper-Collins.

Generational cohorts

A definitive recent study of US generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott (2012) in which a broad sample of adults of all ages was asked, "What world events are especially important to you?"[160] They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven (some put 8 or 9) distinct cohorts became evident.

Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts:

Lost Generation – born from approximately 1883 to 1900.
Greatest Generation – born from approximately 1901 to 1927[161] (in the U.S. the depression cohort who fought and won World War II).
Silent Generation – born from approximately 1928 to 1945[162] during the Great Depression and World War II.[163] The label was originally applied to people in North America but has also been applied to those in Western Europe, Australasia and South America. It includes most of those who fought during the Korean War.
Baby Boomers – born from 1946 to 1964.[162]
Generation X – demographers and researchers typically use birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1960s to the early 1980s.[164]
- In the U.S., some called Generation Xers the "baby bust" generation because of the drop in the birth rate following the baby boom.[165] The drop in fertility rates in America began in the late 1950s.
Millennials (also known as Generation Y) – demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.
Generation Z (also known as Homelanders, Digital Natives, or Zoomers) – demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years that range from the mid-1990s to mid-2000s, and as of yet there is little consensus about ending birth years.

U.S. demographic birth cohorts

Birth rate, death rate and natural increase rate in the United States 1935 - 2018

Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by a normal or inverted bell-shaped curve (rather than a straight curve). The boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" (including peak year) and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4.3 million births and 122.7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births (such as trailing edge boomers) are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still a relatively large number of births. The dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate. The baby boom began around 1943 to 1946.

From the decline in U.S. birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve is negatively skewed. The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to pre-WWII levels, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser and William Fielding Ogburn.[166]

Demographic statistics

Birth, growth and death rates

Births, deaths and natural increase in the United States 1935 - 2018

Marriages, Families & Intimate Relationships in the US, 1970-2000

The growth rate is 0.81% as estimated from 2017.[1]

The birth rate is 12.5 births/1,000 population, estimated as of 2017 and 2013. Country comparison to the world: 158th. This was the lowest since records began. There were 3,957,577 births in 2013.[167]

13.9 births/1,000 population per year (provisional data for 2008)

14.3 births/1,000 population per year (provisional data for 2007)[168]

In 2009, Time magazine reported that 40% of births were to unmarried women.[169] The following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 17% Asian, 29% White, 53% Hispanics (of any race), 66% Native Americans, and 72% Black American.[170]

The drop in the birth rate from 2007 to 2009 is believed to be associated with the Great Recession.[171]

A study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that more than half (51 percent) of live hospital births in 2008 and 2011 were male.[172]

Per U.S. federal government data released in March 2011, births fell 4% from 2007 to 2009, the largest drop in the U.S. for any two-year period since the 1970s.[173] Births have declined for three consecutive years, and are now 7% below the peak in 2007.[174] This drop has continued through 2010, according to data released by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics in June 2011.[175] Numerous experts have suggested that this decline is largely a reflection of unfavorable economic conditions.[176] This connection between birth rates and economic downturns partly stems from the fact that American birth rates have now fallen to levels that are comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s.[177] Teen birth rates in the U.S. are at the lowest level in U.S. history.[178] In fact, teen birth rates in the U.S. have consistently decreased since 1991 through 2011, except for a brief increase between 2005 and 2007.[178] The other aberration from this otherwise steady decline in teen birth rates is the 6% decrease in birth rates for 15- to 19-year-olds between 2008 and 2009.[178] Despite these years of decrease, U.S. teen birth rates are still higher than in other developed nations.[178] Racial differences prevail with teen birth and pregnancy rates as well. The American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black teen pregnancy rates are more than double the non-Hispanic white teen birth rate.[179]

Age group	Total (of population)	White alone (of race/age group)	Black alone (of race/age group)	Mixed and/or Some Other Race (of race/age group)	Asian alone (of race/age group)	Either American Indian or Alaska Native (of race/age group)	Either Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (of race/age group)
Total	308745538 (100%)	223553265 (72.41%)	38929319 (12.61%)	28116441 (9.11%)	14674252 (4.75%)	2932248 (0.95%)	540013 (0.17%)
0–4	20201362 (6.5%)	12795675 (5.7%/63.34%)	2902590 (7.5%/14.37%)	3315480 (11.8%/16.41%)	898011 (6.1%/4.45%)	244615 (8.3%/1.21%)	44991 (8.3%/0.22%)
5–9	20348657 (6.6%)	13293799 (5.9%/65.33%)	2882597 (7.4%/14.17%)	2957487 (10.5%/14.53%)	928248 (6.3%/4.56%)	243259 (8.3%/1.20%)	43267 (8.0%/0.21%)
10–14	20677194 (6.7%)	13737332 (6.1%/66.44%)	3034266 (7.8%/14.67%)	2736570 (9.7%/13.23%)	881590 (6.0%/4.26%)	245049 (8.4%/1.19%)	42387 (7.8%/0.20%)
15–19	22040343 (7.1%)	14620638 (6.5%/66.35%)	3448051 (8.9%/15.64%)	2704571 (9.6%/12.27%)	956028 (6.5%/4.34%)	263805 (9.0%/1.20%)	47250 (8.7%/0.21%)
20–24	21585999 (7.0%)	14535947 (6.5%/67.34%)	3111397 (8.0%/14.41%)	2538967 (9.0%/11.76%)	1106222 (7.5%/5.12%)	240716 (8.2%/1.12%)	52750 (9.8%/0.24%)
25–29	21101849 (6.8%)	14345364 (6.4%/67.98%)	2786254 (7.2%/13.20%)	2464343 (8.8%/11.68%)	1234322 (8.4%/5.85%)	221654 (7.6%/1.05%)	49912 (9.2%/0.24%)
30–34	19962099 (6.5%)	13573270 (6.1%/68.00%)	2627925 (6.8%/13.16%)	2273322 (8.1%/11.39%)	1240906 (8.5%/6.22%)	202928 (6.9%/1.02%)	43748 (8.1%/0.22%)
35–39	20179642 (6.5%)	13996797 (6.3%/69.36%)	2613389 (6.7%/12.95%)	2038408 (7.2%/10.10%)	1296301 (8.8%/6.42%)	196017 (6.7%/0.97%)	38730 (7.2%/0.19%)
40–44	20890964 (6.8%)	15052798 (6.7%/72.05%)	2669034 (6.9%/12.78%)	1782463 (6.3%/8.53%)	1155565 (7.9%/5.53%)	194713 (6.6%/0.93%)	36391 (6.7%/0.17%)
45–49	22708591 (7.4%)	17028255 (7.6%/74.99%)	2828657 (7.3%/12,46%)	1532117 (5.4%/6.75%)	1076060 (7.3%/4.74%)	207857 (7.1%/0.92%)	35645 (6.6%/0.16%)
50–54	22298125 (7.2%)	17178632 (7.7%/77.04%)	2694247 (6.9%/12.08%)	1222175 (4.3%/5.48%)	980282 (6.7%/4.40%)	191893 (6.5%/0.86%)	30896 (5.7%/0.14%)
55–59	19664805 (6.4%)	15562187 (7.0%/79.14%)	2205820 (5.7%/11.22%)	873943 (3.1%/4.44%)	844490 (5.8%/4.29%)	154320 (5.3%/0.78%)	24045 (4.5%/0.12%)
60–64	16817924 (5.4%)	13693334 (6.1%/81.42%)	1686695 (4.3%/10.03%)	611144 (2.2%/3.63%)	689601 (4.7%/4.10%)	118362 (4.0%/0.70%)	18788 (3.5%/0.11%)
65–69	12435263 (4.0%)	10313002 (4.6%/82.93%)	1162577 (3.0%/9.35%)	394208 (1.4%/3.17%)	474327 (3.2%/3.81%)	79079 (2.7%/0.64%)	12070 (2.2%/0.10%)
70–74	9278166 (3.0%)	7740932 (3.5%/83.43%)	852317 (2.2%/9.19%)	268574 (1.0%/2.89%)	354268 (2.4%/3.82%)	53926 (1.8%/0.58%)	8149 (1.5%/0.09%)
75–79	7317795 (2.4%)	6224569 (2.8%/85.06%)	616789 (1.6%/8.43%)	184596 (0.7%/2.52%)	251210 (1.7%/3.43%)	35268 (1.2%/0.48%)	5363 (1.0%/0.07%)
80–84	5743327 (1.9%)	5002427 (2.2%/87.10%)	424592 (1.1%/7.39%)	122249 (0.4%/2.13%)	168879 (1.2%/2.94%)	21963 (0.7%/0.38%)	3217 (0.6%/0.06%)
85+	5493433 (1.8%)	4858307 (2.2%/88.44%)	382122 (1.0%/6.96%)	95824 (0.3%/1.74%)	137942 (0.9%/2.51%)	16824 (0.6%/0.31%)	2414 (0.4%/0.04%)

U.S. unemployment by state in December 2015 (official, or U3 rate).[180]

<3.0%

<3.5%

<4.0%

<4.5%

<5.0%

<5.5%

<6.0%

<6.5%

≥6.5%

Unemployment rate

As of July 2020, the U.S. unemployment rate was 10.2 percent (U3 rate) *Unemployement numbers impacted by the US response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

As of July 2019, the U.S. unemployment rate was 3.7 percent (U3 rate).

As of July 2018, the U.S. unemployment rate was 3.7 percent (U3 rate).

As of July 2017, the U.S. unemployment rate was 4.3 percent (U3 rate).[181]

As of July 2016, the U.S. unemployment rate was 4.9 percent (U3 rate).[181]

As of July 2015, the U.S. unemployment rate was 5.3 percent (U3 rate).[182]

As of July 2014, the U.S. unemployment rate was 6.2 percent (U3 rate).[181]

The U6 unemployment rate as of April 2017 was 8.6 percent.[183] The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U3 rate), but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Note that some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U6 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have gotten discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.[184]

Mobility

In terms of internal migration, in 2013, about 15% of Americans moved. Most of these, 67%, moved within the same county. Of the 33% who moved beyond local county boundaries, 13% of those moved more than 200 miles (320 km).[185]

gollark: Are you a neuroscientist now?

gollark: I don't want to hardcode specific cases.

gollark: Repeatedly, even.

gollark: I did read it.

gollark: I don't know. I don't think anyone knows.

Notes

Excludes American citizens overseas who are not US government employees or the dependent of a US government employee.

In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

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External links

United States Census Bureau
New York Times: "Mapping the 2010 U.S. Census"
2000 Census of Population and Housing United States, U.S. Census Bureau
Asian-Nation: Demographics of Asian American /2006-07-04-us-population_x.htm?csp=34 Countdown to 300 million
Census Ancestry Map
USA Today 2004 Election County by County Map
Google – public data "Population in the U.S.A."

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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[1]

Leading population centers (see complete list)
Rank	Core city (cities)	Metro area population	Metropolitan Statistical Area	Region[89]	New York Los Angeles Chicago Dallas
1	New York	19,979,477	New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA MSA	Northeast
2	Los Angeles	13,291,486	Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA MSA	West
3	Chicago	9,498,716	Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI MSA	Midwest
4	Dallas–Fort Worth	7,539,711	Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA	South
5	Houston	6,997,384	Houston–The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA	South
6	Washington, D.C.	6,249,950	Washington, D.C.–VA–MD–WV MSA	South
7	Miami	6,198,782	Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL MSA	South
8	Philadelphia	6,096,372	Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA	Northeast
9	Atlanta	5,949,951	Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA	South
10	Boston	4,875,390	Boston–Cambridge–Quincy, MA–NH MSA	Northeast
11	Phoenix	4,857,962	Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler, AZ MSA	West
12	San Francisco	4,729,484	San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA	West
13	Riverside–San Bernardino	4,662,361	Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA MSA	West
14	Detroit	4,326,442	Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MI MSA	Midwest
15	Seattle	3,939,363	Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA	West
16	Minneapolis–St. Paul	3,629,190	Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI MSA	Midwest
17	San Diego	3,343,364	San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos, CA MSA	West
18	Tampa–St. Petersburg	3,142,663	Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA	South
19	Denver	2,932,415	Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO MSA	West
20	St. Louis	2,805,465	St. Louis, MO-IL MSA	Midwest
Based on 2018 MSA population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau

Demographics of the United States by state, territory, and metropolitan area/city
by state	Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
by federal district	District of Columbia
by territory	American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands
by metropolitan area/city	Allentown, PA Atlanta Chicago Cleveland Dallas-Fort Worth Dallas city Denver Metro Detroit Detroit city Erie, PA Houston Los Angeles Minneapolis New York City The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island) Philadelphia Seattle Tulsa, OK Utica, NY Visalia, CA

Demographics of North America
Sovereign states	Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States
Dependencies and other territories	Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

Demographics of the United States

Population

Immigration

Structure

Birth rate

Death rate

Total fertility rate

Mother's mean age at first birth

Life expectancy

Density

Growth

Births and fertility by race

U.S.-born people

Immigration

Vital statistics

Vital statistics from 1935

Current vital statistics

Historical data

Median age of the population

Vital statistics

Total Fertility Rates from 1800 to 2010

Life expectancy at birth from 1901 to 2015

Percent distribution of the total population by age: 1900 to 2015

Population centers

Race and ethnicity

Race

Hispanic or Latino origin

Indigenous peoples

Other groups

Projections

U.S. Census Census Bureau projections

Foreign-born population

Citizens living abroad

Religion

Religious affiliations

Religions of U.S. adults

Income

Economic class

Generational cohorts

U.S. demographic birth cohorts

Demographic statistics

Birth, growth and death rates

Unemployment rate

Mobility

See also

Notes

References

External links