1800 United States Census

The United States Census of 1800 was the second Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 4, 1800.

1800 United States Census
General information
CountryUnited States
Date takenAugust 4, 1800 (1800-08-04)
Total population5,308,483
Percent change 35.1%
Most populous stateVirginia
886,149
Least populous stateDelaware
64,273

It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States, of whom 893,602 were slaves. The 1800 Census included the new District of Columbia. The census for the following states were lost: Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia. This would be the last census in which Virginia was the most populous state.

Census questions

The 1800 census asks the following information in columns, left to right:[1]

Column Title
1Name of the head
2Number of free white males under age 10
3Number of free white males of age 10 and under 16
4Number of free white males of age 16 and under 26
5Number of free white males of age 26 and under 45
6Number of free white males of age 45 and over.
7Number of free white females under age 10
8Number of free white females of age 10 and under 16
9Number of free white females of age 16 and under 26
10Number of free white females of age 26 and under 45
11Number of free white females of age 45 and over.
12Number of all other free persons
13Number of slaves

This census is one of the several for which some of the original data are no longer available. Original census returns for Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia were lost over the years.[2]

Data availability

No microdata from the 1800 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

State and regional populations
District Free white males under age 10, Free white males age 10–16 Free white males age 16–26 Free white males age 26–45 Free white males over age 45 Free white females under age 10 Free white females age 10–16 Free white females age 16–26 Free white females age 26–45 Free white females over age 45 All other free persons Slaves Total
New Hampshire 30,694 14,881 16,379 17,589 11,715 29,871 14,193 17,153 18,381 12,142 852 8 183,858
Massachusetts 63,646 32,507 37,905 39,729 31,348 60,920 30,674 40,491 43,833 35,340 6,452 0 422,845
Maine 27,970 12,305 12,900 15,318 8,339 26,899 11,338 13,295 14,496 8,041 818 0 151,719
Connecticut 37,946 19,408 21,683 23,180 18,976 35,736 18,218 23,561 25,186 20,827 5,330 951 251,002
Vermont 29,420 12,046 13,242 16,544 8,076 28,272 11,366 12,606 15,287 7,049 557 0 154,465
Rhode Island 9,945 5,352 5,889 5,785 4,887 9,524 5,026 6,463 6,919 5,648 3,304 380 69,122
New York (excluding Duchess, Ulster, Orange counties) 83,161 36,953 40,045 52,454 25,497 79,154 32,822 39,086 47,710 23,161 8,573 15,602 484,065
New York (Duchess, Ulster, Orange counties) 16,936 7,320 9,230 9,140 6,358 16,319 6,649 9,030 8,701 5,490 1,801 5,011 101,985
New Jersey 33,900 15,859 16,301 19,956 12,629 32,622 14,827 17,018 19,533 11,600 4,402 12,422 211,149
Pennsylvania (eastern district) 52,767 24,438 29,393 33,864 20,824 51,176 23,427 29,879 30,892 19,329 11,253 557 327,979
Pennsylvania (western district) 50,459 21,623 24,869 25,469 17,761 48,448 20,362 24,095 22,954 14,066 3,311 1,149 274,566
Delaware 8,250 4,437 5,121 5,012 2,213 7,628 4,277 5,543 4,981 2,390 8,268 6,153 64,273
Maryland (including Washington County in the District of Columbia[a], but excluding parts of Baltimore County) 33,520 16,581 20,560 22,169 12,617 32,463 15,718 21,506 20,363 11,240 18,646 102,465 317,348
Maryland (additional return for Baltimore County) 567 226 318 343 249 517 222 375 318 199 41 847 4,276
Virginia (eastern district) 57,837 25,998 32,444 34,588 19,087 54,597 25,469 34,807 32,641 18,821 13,194 322,199 676,682
Virginia (western district) 34,601 14,502 16,264 15,674 11,134 32,726 13,366 15,923 3,632 15,169 1,930 23,597 203,518
Virginia (Alexandria and part of Fairfax County in the District of Columbia[a]) 889 320 483 557 221 670 313 479 473 189 383 1,172 5,949
North Carolina 63,118 27,073 31,560 31,209 18,688 59,074 25,874 32,989 30,665 17,514 7,043 133,296 478,103
South Carolina 37,411 16,156 17,761 19,344 10,244 34,664 15,857 18,145 17,236 9,437 3,185 146,151 345,591
Georgia 19,841 8,469 9,787 10,914 4,957 18,407 7,914 9,243 8,835 3,894 1,919 59,699 162,686
Kentucky 37,274 14,045 15,705 17,699 9,238 34,949 13,433 15,524 14,934 7,075 741 40,343 220,959
Northwest Territory 9,362 3,647 4,636 4,833 1,955 8,644 3,353 3,861 3,342 1,395 337 0 45,365
Indiana Territory 854 347 466 645 262 791 280 424 393 115 163 135 5,641[b]
Mississippi Territory 999 356 482 780 290 953 376 352 462 165 182 3,489 8,850
District Free white males under age 10 Free white males age 10–16 Free white males age 16–26 Free white males age 26–45 Free white males over age 45 Free white females under age 10 Free white females age 10–16 Free white females age 16–26 Free white females age 26–45 Free white females over age 45 All other free persons Slaves Total
Uncorrected Total 741,367 334,849 383,423 422,795 257,526 705,024 315,354 391,848 392,167 250,296 102,685 875,626 5,172,312
Tennessee[c] 19,227 7,194 8,282 8,352 4,125 18,450 7,042 8,554 6,992 3,491 309 13,584 105,602
Maryland corrected[d] 36,751 17,743 21,929 23,553 13,712 34,703 16,787 22,915 21,725 12,180 19,987 107,707 349,692
Corrected Total 763,288 359,792 392,765 432,979 262,497 725,197 323,243 401,436 400,203 254,524 104,294 893,605 5,305,982

^ a: At the time of the 1800 Census, the territory donated to form the District of Columbia was still being administered by the states of Maryland and Virginia. The state of Maryland included the population of the District under its control within its own return. The population of the District of Columbia within Maryland was 8,144 persons, including 5,672 whites, 400 free blacks, and 2,472 enslaved persons.[3]

^ b: Persons 766 added to the particular items of this return.

^ c: This return has been received since the communication of the above Aggregate to Congress.

^ d: This return has also been since received, and is stated by the Marshal to be more correct than the first.[4]

City populations
RankCityStatePopulation[5][6]Region (2016)[7]
01New YorkNew York60,515Northeast
02PhiladelphiaPennsylvania41,220Northeast
03BaltimoreMaryland26,514South
04BostonMassachusetts24,937Northeast
05CharlestonSouth Carolina18,824South
06Northern LibertiesPennsylvania10,718Northeast
07SouthwarkPennsylvania9,621Northeast
08SalemMassachusetts9,457Northeast
09ProvidenceRhode Island7,614Northeast
10NorfolkVirginia6,926South
11NewportRhode Island6,739Northeast
12NewburyportMassachusetts5,946Northeast
13RichmondVirginia5,737South
14NantucketMassachusetts5,617Northeast
15PortsmouthNew Hampshire5,339Northeast
16GloucesterMassachusetts5,313Northeast
17AlbanyNew York5,289Northeast
17SchenectadyNew York5,289Northeast
19MarbleheadMassachusetts5,211Northeast
20New LondonConnecticut5,150Northeast
21NorwalkConnecticut5,146Northeast
21SavannahGeorgia5,146South
23AlexandriaDistrict of Columbia4,971South
24MiddleboroughMassachusetts4,458Northeast
25New BedfordMassachusetts4,361Northeast
26GrotonConnecticut4,302Northeast
27LancasterPennsylvania4,292Northeast
28New HavenConnecticut4,049Northeast
29BeverlyMassachusetts3,881Northeast
30TauntonMassachusetts3,860Northeast
31GilmantonNew Hampshire3,752Northeast
32PortlandMaine3,704Northeast
33HudsonNew York3,664Northeast
34PlymouthMassachusetts3,524Northeast
35HartfordConnecticut3,523Northeast
36PetersburgVirginia3,521South
37NorwichConnecticut3,476Northeast
38South KingstownRhode Island3,438Northeast
39EveshamNew Jersey3,381Northeast
40WashingtonDistrict of Columbia3,210South
41DanburyConnecticut3,180Northeast
42ColchesterConnecticut3,163Northeast
43SmithfieldRhode Island3,120Northeast
44GreenwichConnecticut3,047Northeast
45GeorgetownDistrict of Columbia2,993South
46AndoverMassachusetts2,941Northeast
47LynnMassachusetts2,837Northeast
48FarmingtonConnecticut2,809Northeast
49North KingstownRhode Island2,794Northeast
50HaverhillMassachusetts2,730Northeast
51BristolConnecticut2,722Northeast
52BerlinConnecticut2,702Northeast
53LondonderryNew Hampshire2,650Northeast
54RochesterNew Hampshire2,646Northeast
55YorkPennsylvania2,503Northeast
gollark: ...
gollark: It says "excessive" right there.
gollark: There's not a rule or anything against it here, as far as I know.
gollark: They sound lower than the next whole number.
gollark: Hi.

References
  1. "1800 Census Questions". Archived from the original on April 27, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  2. Dollarhide, William (2001). The Census Book: A Genealogists Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes. North Salt Lake, Utah: HeritageQuest. p. 8.
  3. "District of Columbia – Race and Hispanic Origin: 1800 to 1990" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. September 13, 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  4. "Enumeration of Persons in the several districts of The United States" (PDF). 1800. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  5. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  6. "Population of Connecticut Towns 1756-1820". Connecticut Secretary of the State. State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  7. "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
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