China Coast Guard

The Chinese People's Armed Police Force Coast Guard Corps (Chinese: 中国人民武装警察部队海警总队; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Wǔzhuāng Jǐngchá Bùduì Hǎijǐng Zǒngduì), also called China Coast Guard Bureau (Chinese: 中国海警局; pinyin: Zhōngguó Hǎijĭng Jú; lit.: 'China Maritime Police Bureau') and abbreviated as China Coast Guard (Chinese: 中国海警; pinyin: Zhōngguó Hǎijĭng; lit.: 'China Maritime Police') or Haijing (Chinese: 海警; pinyin: Hǎijĭng; lit.: 'Maritime Police') serves as a coordinating agency for maritime search and rescue and law enforcement in the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China. It is currently the world's largest coast guard.[2][3]

This article is about Coast guard of the People's Republic of China. For the coast guard of the Republic of China, see Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan).
Chinese People's Armed Police Force
Coast Guard Corps
中国人民武装警察部队海警总队
Zhōngguó Rénmín Wǔzhuāng Jǐngchá Bùduì Hǎijǐng Zǒngduì
Emblem of China Coast Guard
Racing stripe
Common nameChina Coast Guard Bureau (中国海警局）
Agency overview
FormedJuly, 2013
Employees16,296 personnel (~2018)
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionChina
General nature
Specialist jurisdiction
  • Coastal patrol, marine border protection, marine search and rescue.
Operational structure
Headquarters1 Fuxingmen Outer Street, Beijing, China
Agency executives
Parent agencyPeople's Armed Police
Facilities
Boats164 cutters
Multiple patrol boats (2018)
AircraftHarbin Z-9
Harbin Y-12
Badge of China Coast Guard before 2013, when part of the PAP Border Security Force under the Ministry of Public Security.
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The China Coast Guard was formerly the maritime branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) Border Security Force under the Ministry of Public Security until 2013. In March 2013, China announced it would form a unified Coast Guard commanded by the State Oceanic Administration.[4] The new Coast Guard has been in operation since July 2013.[5] As of July 1, 2018, the China Coast Guard was transferred from civilian control of the State Council and the State Oceanic Administration, to the People's Armed Police, ultimately placing it under the command of the Central Military Commission.[6][7]

The formal name of the organization is "Chinese People's Armed Police Force Coast Guard Corps" (PAPCGC), but "China Coast Guard Bureau/China Coast Guard" (CCGB/CCG) is retained for general use.

Function

The CCG is known to perform mostly coastal and oceanic search and rescue or patrols, including anti-smuggling operations. During wartime it may be placed under the operational control of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

Roles

Roles of the CCG are diverse but include:

  • Patrol of territorial waters and disputed territories
  • Anti-smuggling, anti-piracy
  • Maritime policing and ship inspections
  • Harbour and coastal security
  • Research and survey
  • Search and Rescue
  • Fisheries protection

In June 2018, the China Coast Guard was granted maritime rights and law enforcement akin civilian law enforcement agencies in order to carry out contrast of illegal activities, keep peace and order, as well as safeguarding security at sea, when performing duties related to the use of marine resources, protection of marine environment, regulation of fishery, and anti-smuggling.[8]

Command

After the reform in 2018, CCG consists commands (subbureaus) and divisions (local bureaus). The name in the parentheses is for general use.

  • People's Armed Police Coast Guard Crops East China Sea Command (China Coast Guard East China Sea Subbureau)
    • Jiangsu Division (Jiangsu Coast Guard Bureau)
    • Shanghai Division (Shanghai CGB)
    • Zhejiang Division (Zhejiang CGB)
    • Fujian Division (Fujian CGB)
    • 1st Division (1st Direct Breau)
    • 2nd Division (2nd DB)
    • 1st Wing
  • PAPCGC South China Sea Command (CCG South China Sea Subbureau)
    • Guangdong Division (Guangdong CGB)
    • Guangxi Division (Guangxi CGB)
    • Hainan Division (Hainan CGB)
    • 3rd Division (3rd DB)
    • 4th Division (4th DB)
    • 5th Division (5th DB)
    • 2nd Wing
  • PAPCGC North China Sea Command (CCG North China Sea Subbureau)
    • Liaoning Division (Liaoning CGB)
    • Tianjing Division (Tianjing CGB)
    • Hebei Division (Hebei CGB)
    • Shandong Division (Shandong CGB)
    • 6th Division (6th DB)
    • 3rd Wing

Training

The Chinese Coast Guard conducts periodic joint-training sessions with other navies, including the US Coast Guard service.[9] The Chinese Coast Guard also participates in the annual North Pacific Coast Guard Agencies Forum in Alaska, along with US, Canadian, Japanese, South Korean, and Russian Coast Guards. As part of an exchange program, members of the Chinese Coast Guard service have been assigned to serve on U.S. Coast Guard cutters.[10]

Equipment
Main article: Equipment of the China Coast Guard

Vessels
China Coast Guard Shucha II-class Cutter Haijing 3306.

Chinese Coast Guard ships are painted white with blue stripe and wording China Coast Guard in English and Chinese.

Typical Coast Guard ships include the 130 ton Type 218 patrol boat (100 boats), armed with twin 14.5mm machine guns, assorted speedboats, and few larger patrol ships. Up until very recently, the largest ship in Chinese Coast Guard service was the 1,500 ton Type 718 cutter (31101 Pudong).

In March 2007, it was reported that the PLAN had transferred 2 Type 728 cutter (44102, ex-509 Changde; 46103, ex-510 Shaoxing) to the Coast Guard and re-numbered them as 1002 & 1003. At the time these ships were the largest vessels in the China Coast Guard inventory.

In May 2017, it was reported that China had deployed the 12,000 ton China Coast Guard (CCG) 3901 cutter No. 1123 to patrol its claimed islands in the disputed South China Sea.[11][12] The CCG 3901 cutter is the world's biggest coast guard cutter, and is larger than the U.S. Navy's 9,800 ton Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruisers and its 8,300-9,300 ton Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyers.[13] The CCG 3901 cutter is armed with 76mm H/PJ-26 rapid fire naval guns, two auxiliary guns, and two anti-aircraft guns.

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See also

References
  1. Deployment arrangement from State Council of the People's Republic of China
  2. Erickson, Andrew S. (26 February 2018). "Numbers Matter: China's Three 'Navies' Each Have the World's Most Ships". The National Interest.
  3. "China's Three 'Navies' Each Have the World's Most Ships".
  4. 关晓萌. "Nation merging maritime patrol forces - Latest News". www.chinadaily.com.cn.
  5. http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130723/DEFREG03/307230021/China-Unveils-Coast-Guard-Handle-Sea-Conflict
  6. – Articles – China's coast guard to be under military police Archived 2018-03-22 at the Wayback Machine NHK World, March 22nd 2018
  7. Tate, Andrew (June 26, 2018). "Control over China Coast Guard to be transferred to CMC". Jane's Information Group. Legislation passed by the National People’s Congress (NPC) on 22 June will implement changes announced in March that the CCG will come under the control of the People’s Armed Police Force (PAPF) and, ultimately, the command of China’s Central Military Commission (CMC).
  8. Wei, Changhao (22 June 2018). "NPCSC Defers Vote on E-Commerce Law, Grants Law Enforcement Powers to Military-Controlled Coast Guard". NPC Observer. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  9. "Logon Form".
  10. "RealClearPolitics - Articles - U.S. Coast Guard Has Chinese aboard". www.realclearpolitics.com.
  11. Ryan Pickrell (2017-05-11). "China Sent A 'Monster' Ship To Roam The South China Sea". The National Interest. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  12. "南海区2017年度西沙海域海岛保护联合执法行动圆满完成". South China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration. 2017-05-04. Archived from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  13. Charissa Echavez (2017-05-12). "China Deploys World's Biggest Coast Guard Cutter CCG 3901 to Patrol South China Sea". China Topix. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
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