Timeline of London (1800s)

The following is a timeline of the history of London in the 19th century, the capital of England and the United Kingdom.

Main article: Timeline of London

1800s–1840s

• 1800
  • 8 January: First soup kitchens open in London.[1]
  • 13 January: Royal Institution granted a royal charter.[2] From 25 April 1801 Humphry Davy begins his popular series of scientific lectures at its Albemarle Street headquarters.
  • 22 March: Company of Surgeons granted a royal charter to become the Royal College of Surgeons in London.[2]
  • 15 May: George III survives two assassination attempts in London: In Hyde Park, a bullet intended for him hits a man standing alongside; and later at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, two bullets fired by an insane man hit the wooden panel behind him.[3]
  • Henry Maudslay, in London, develops the first industrially practical screw-cutting lathe, allowing standardisation of screw thread sizes for the first time,[4][5] and at about this date develops a bench micrometer.[6]
• 1801
  • 1 March: London Stock Exchange founded[2] as a regulated institution; its new building is completed on 30 December.
  • 10 March: The first British census is carried out. Population: 128,129; county 831,181; Greater London 1,114,644.[7][8]
• 1802
  • 19 April: Joseph Grimaldi first presents his white-faced clown character "Joey", at Sadler's Wells Theatre.[9]
  • May: Marie Tussaud first exhibits her wax sculptures in London.[10]
  • 28 June: Balloonist André-Jacques Garnerin ascends from Chelsea.[11]
  • 5 July: Garnerin and Edward Hawke Locker make a 17-mile (27.4-km) balloon flight from Lord's Cricket Ground in St John's Wood to Chingford in just over 15 minutes.
  • 10 July: Grand Junction Canal opens its arm to Paddington Basin; passenger boat service to Uxbridge starts.
  • 31 July: William Wordsworth, leaving London for Dover and Calais with his sister Dorothy, witnesses the early morning scene which he captures in his sonnet "Composed upon Westminster Bridge".
  • 27 August: West India Docks, first commercial docks in London, open.[1]
  • 16 November: Arrest of ringleaders of the Despard Plot. On 21 February 1803 seven are hanged and decapitated publicly at Horsemonger Lane Gaol before a crowd of at least 20,000, one of the largest public gatherings ever up to this date.[12][13]
  • London Fever Hospital founded.
• 1803
  • After April: Richard Trevithick's London Steam Carriage is demonstrated on the roads.
  • 26 July: The Surrey Iron Railway, a horse-worked wagonway between Wandsworth and Croydon, opens, being the first public railway line in England.
  • Frederick Albert Winsor gives a demonstration of gas lighting at the old Lyceum Theatre.[14]
  • Trinity Buoy Wharf established.
  • The Globe newspaper begins publication.
• 1804
  • 3 January: Hammersmith Ghost murder case.
  • 7 March: Horticultural Society of London founded.
  • Rebuilding of Pitzhanger Manor in Ealing by John Soane for his own use completed.
• 1805
  • 20 January: London Docks open.[15]
  • 25 March: Moorfields Eye Hospital is opened as the London Dispensary for Curing Diseases of the Eye and Ear by John Cunningham Saunders.[16]
  • June: British Institution (for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom) founded as a group of connoisseurs. On 18 January 1806 it opens the former Boydell Shakespeare Gallery in Pall Mall as the "British Gallery", alternating the world's first regular temporary exhibitions of Old Master paintings with sale exhibitions of the work of living artists.
  • 4 June: First Trooping the Colour ceremony on Horse Guards Parade.[15]
  • September: Merchantman Boddington (1781 ship) stranded and wrecked in the Thames off Blackwall.
  • 6 November: News of the victory at Trafalgar and Nelson's death reaches London in the early hours of this morning,[17] the bearer, Lieut. Lapenotière, having made his last change of horses on his post from Falmouth the previous evening at Hounslow.
  • 9 December: City Canal opens across the Isle of Dogs (later incorporated into West India Docks).
  • Bow Street Horse Patrol re-established as a police force.
  • Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, given its Royal prefix.
• 1806
  • 9 January: Funeral procession of Lord Nelson from The Admiralty to St Paul's Cathedral.
  • 18 January: London Institution founded to promote higher education.[18]
  • East India Docks completed.[19]
  • Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, opens its new building designed by James Wyatt.
  • Royal Philanthropic Society incorporated.
• 1807
  • 28 January: First demonstration of street gas lighting, in Pall Mall.
  • 23 February: Around forty people are killed in a crush attending a public hanging.[20]
  • 13 March: Dock at Rotherhithe built by Grand Surrey Canal company opens; the first section of canal follows.
  • Addington Palace becomes a summer residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury, Croydon Palace being sold.
• 1808
  • 8 July–18 September: Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive Catch Me Who Can is demonstrated in London.
  • 20 September: The original Theatre Royal, Covent Garden is destroyed by fire along with most of the scenery, costumes and scripts. Rebuilding begins in December.
• 1809
  • 24 February: The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane is destroyed by fire. On being encountered drinking in the street while watching the conflagration, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the proprietor, is reported as saying: "A man may surely be allowed to take a glass of wine by his own fireside."[21]
  • 18 September: A new Theatre Royal, Covent Garden opens to replace the first burnt down in 1808, with a performance of Macbeth. An increase in ticket prices causes the Old Price Riots which last for 64 days until the manager, John Philip Kemble, reverses the price rise.
  • 19 September: Cabinet ministers Viscount Castlereagh (Secretary of State for War and the Colonies) and George Canning (Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs) fight a duel with pistols on Putney Heath over policy in the Walcheren Campaign.
  • 22 October: Croydon Canal opens.
  • 10 November: The Berners Street Hoax: Theodore Hook manages to attract dozens of people to 54 Berners Street.
  • William Bullock moves his museum of curiosities from Liverpool to become the London Museum in Piccadilly.
• 1810
  • April: Rioting after the imprisonment of Sir Francis Burdett, MP, charged with libel against Parliament after calling for reform of the House of Commons.[1]
  • 8 July: Vere Street Coterie: Police raid a "molly house" and arrest 27 men for sodomy or attempted sodomy; a man and a boy are eventually hanged on conviction.
  • Stepney Academy established as a Baptist ministry training college.
  • Rev. Dr. William Pearson establishes Temple Grove School at East Sheen,[22] perhaps the earliest preparatory school in the country.
  • Sake Dean Mahomet opens the Hindoostanee Coffee House, the first Indian restaurant in London.[23]
  • Thomas Cubitt sets up his building firm in Gray's Inn Road.
  • Bryanston Square and Montagu Square laid out on the Portman Estate,.
• 1811
  • 7–19 December: Ratcliff Highway murders.
  • Building of Regent Street begins John Nash's development of the West End.[1]
  • Building of Tobacco Dock begins.[19]
  • Novello & Co music publisher in business.[24]
• 1812
  • 13 April: Attempted road tunnel at Archway collapses during construction.
  • 11 May: The Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, is assassinated by John Bellingham in the House of Commons lobby.
  • 10 October: Rebuilt Theatre Royal, Drury Lane opens.
  • Gas street lighting begins.[25]
  • New North Road built as a turnpike.
  • Egyptian Hall completed in Piccadilly for the display of William Bullock's collection of curiosities.
  • French chef Jacques Mivart founds a hotel in Mayfair that will become Claridge's.
• 1813
  • 24 January: The Philharmonic Society of London is formed, holding its first concert on 8 March.
  • 21 August: Archway Road cutting opens.
  • 25 December: William Debenham joins Thomas Clark in a partnership to manage a draper's store in London, origin of the modern-day Debenhams department stores.
  • 27 December–3 January 1814: A thick fog blankets London causing the Prince Regent to turn back from a trip to Hatfield House and a mail coach to take 7 hours to reach Uxbridge on its way to Birmingham.[26]
  • 31 December: Westminster Bridge is illuminated by gas lighting provided by the Gas Light and Coke Company from the world's first public gasworks nearby.[27]
• 1814

The frozen Thames illustrated in Old and New London (1873)

• • 14 January: Last River Thames frost fair.[15]
  • 12 February: A fire destroys the Custom House.[26]
  • 21 February: Great Stock Exchange Fraud.
  • 1 April: The Gas Light and Coke Company begins the world's first permanent public gas lighting of streets in the parish of St Margaret's, Westminster,[28] extending to other parts of London by 25 December.[29]
  • April: Louis XVIII of France visits the city.[30]
  • 1 August: Grand Jubilee in the Royal Parks: re-enactment of a naval battle and pyrotechnics, killing two.
  • 28 August: Most remains of Winchester Palace in Southwark are destroyed in a fire.
  • 17 October: London Beer Flood: A large vat of porter in Meux's Brewery bursts, demolishing buildings and killing nine.
• 1815
  • 23 January: First Thames steamer known to enter regular service, Margery on the "Long Ferry" to Gravesend.
  • 7 April: Lord Byron and Walter Scott meet for the first time, in the offices of publisher John Murray, 50 Albemarle Street.[31]
  • 21 June: News of the Battle of Waterloo (18 June) reaches London late this evening.[32] On 23 June the streets are illuminated in celebration.
  • 4 November: Foundation stone of new building for London Institution in Finsbury Circus laid,[33] the first major building contract for Thomas Cubitt.
  • London Victory Parade of 1815.
  • London Docks completed at Wapping.
  • Jones, Watts and Doulton begin life as a stoneware pottery in Lambeth.
• 1816
  • 4 June: First Vauxhall Bridge opens, the first iron bridge over the Thames.
  • 14 June: Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace founded.[34]
  • 22 June: First Thames-built steamboat demonstrated on the river, the Regent, designed by Marc Isambard Brunel and built by Henry Maudsley; she is put into service on the "Long Ferry" to Margate.[35] This year also sees the first steam tug on the Thames, the Majestic.[36]
  • 26 June: Millbank Prison admits its first prisoners, all women.[37]
  • 12 August: Regent's Canal opens from Paddington to Camden.
  • 15 November & 2 December: Spa Fields riots by supporters of the radical Thomas Spence.
  • English Opera House opens.
  • Boosey, music publisher, moves to Holles Street.[24]
  • Royal Small Arms Factory completed at Enfield.
  • Name Griffin Brewery first applied to the 17th-century site in Chiswick.
• 1817
  • 4 February: New St Marylebone Parish Church consecrated.
  • 18 June: First Waterloo Bridge, designed by John Rennie, opens.[38]
  • 6 August: Gas lighting is introduced on stage in the West End theatre by The English Opera House (extended to the auditorium on 8 September). On 6 September it is introduced at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (where it is already installed in the auditorium and foyer) and the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (as a demonstration).[39]
  • Dulwich Picture Gallery, designed by John Soane as the first purpose-built public art gallery, is completed and opens to the public.
  • Apsley House is acquired by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, from his brother.
  • Percival Norton Johnson sets up as a gold assayer, origin of the Johnson Matthey business.[40]
  • Wimbledon Windmill built.
• 1818
  • 11 May: The Old Vic is founded as the Royal Coburg Theatre in South London by James King, Daniel Dunn and John T. Serres.
  • Alterations to the King's Theatre by architect John Nash and George Repton are completed, including construction at the rear of the Royal Opera Arcade, London's first shopping arcade.
• 1819
  • 20 March: Burlington Arcade opens.
  • 24 March: First Southwark Bridge, designed by John Rennie as a toll bridge with iron arches, opens.
  • April: John Keats begins his "Great Year" or "Living Year", during which he is at his most productive, having given up work at Guy's Hospital and taken up residence at a new house, Wentworth Place, on Hampstead Heath. On 3 April, Charles Wentworth Dilke lets his house, next door to Keats, to Mrs Brawne, whose daughter Fanny would become the love of Keats' life. Between 21 April and the end of May Keats writes La Belle Dame sans Merci and most of his major odes: Ode to Psyche, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on Indolence and Ode on Melancholy; in the summer he writes Lamia;[41] and on 19 October proposes marriage to Fanny.
  • 21 April: New building for London Institution in Finsbury Circus opens.[42]
  • Travellers Club founded.
  • Bookseller William Pickering in business as a publisher.[43]
• 1820
  • 23 February: A plot to murder the Cabinet, the Cato Street conspiracy, is exposed.[15]
  • 10 March: Astronomical Society of London established.
  • 1 May: The Cato Street conspirators are the last to suffer decapitation following their hanging for treason outside Newgate Prison.
  • 1 August: Regent's Canal opens from Camden to Limehouse Basin.
  • c. September: John Constable begins painting on Hampstead Heath regularly.
  • Approximate date: Clerkenwell Prison in operation.
• 1821
  • 4 July: Redesigned Haymarket Theatre opens.[1]
  • 19 July: George IV is crowned in Westminster Abbey.[15] His estranged wife, Caroline of Brunswick, is turned away from the coronation ceremony. This is the last coronation at which the full ceremony of the King's Champion is carried out.
  • December: "Spa Fields Congregational families" begin an Owenite community in Islington inspired by George Mudie.[44]
  • De Beauvoir Town and Ladbroke Estate developments begin.
• 1822
  • 20 October: First edition of The Sunday Times newspaper published under this title.
  • Royal Academy of Music founded (opens March 1823; Royal charter granted June 1830), initially near Hanover Square with William Crotch as first Principal.
• 1823
  • Dr. George Birkbeck establishes the London Mechanics' Institute, predecessor of Birkbeck, University of London,[45] and Finsbury Midwifery Institution[46] is established.
  • Pimm's oyster bar in business.
• 1824
  • 16 February: Athenaeum Club founded;[26] established in temporary premises by May.
  • 10 May: National Gallery opens to the public in John Julius Angerstein's former house in Pall Mall.[47]
  • 30 November: Banker Henry Fauntleroy is hanged for forgery before a crowd of 100,000.[26]
  • Thomas Cubitt is commissioned by Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster, to create a great swathe of building in Belgravia centred on Belgrave Square and Pimlico.[48] The following year, Cubitt begins to lay out estates in Clapham.
  • Grosvenor Canal opens in Pimlico.
• 1825
  • 21 March: British première of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 (1824) is presented by the Philharmonic Society of London (who had commissioned it in 1817) at its Argyll Rooms conducted by Sir George Smart (and with the choral "Ode to Joy" sung in Italian).
  • 15 June: Foundation stone for new London Bridge laid.
  • 3–5 Porchester Terrace built in Westminster.[49]
  • Regent Street laid out.
  • Reconstruction of Buckingham Palace by architect John Nash.
  • The first horse-drawn omnibuses established in London.
  • The Terrific Register: Or, Record of Crimes, Judgments, Providences, and Calamities first published.
  • Approximate date: London is estimated to overtake Peking as the world's largest city.[50]
• 1826
  • 11 February: University of London established.[51]
  • 26 March: Indian elephant Chunee, brought to London in 1809/10, is killed at Edward Cross's Royal Grand National Menagerie at Exeter Exchange in The Strand. The Exchange is demolished in 1829.
  • April: Zoological Society of London established.
  • King's Library, the first purpose-built part of the British Museum, is completed.
  • Bridge over The Serpentine, designed by John and George Rennie, opens.[19]
  • Waterman's Arms pub built in Putney.
  • Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge established.
  • London, Ontario established.
• 1827
  • 21 May: The Standard newspaper begins publication.
  • 6 October: First Hammersmith Bridge, a toll suspension bridge over the Thames, opens.
  • Clarence House completed in Westminster.
  • Remodelling of St. James's Park by John Nash completed.
  • Metropolitan Turnpike Trust established.
• 1828
  • 17 April: Royal Free Hospital, established as the London General Institution for the Gratuitous Care of Malignant Diseases by surgeon William Marsden, opens.
  • 27 April: London Zoo opens;[52] the Tower of London menagerie is transferred there.
  • 21 June: King's College London founded.[1]
  • July: Stone Kingston Bridge opens.
  • 12 August: Kensington Canal opens.
  • 25 October: St Katharine Docks open.
  • New Guildhall Library opens.[53]
  • Samuel Reiss's Grand Cigar Divan opens.
• 1829
  • 21 March: A duel is fought between the Prime Minister (the Duke of Wellington) and George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea, in Battersea Fields, provoked by the Duke's support for Catholic Emancipation and foundation of the secular King's College London. Deliberately off-target shots are fired by both and honour is satisfied without injury.
  • 4 July: George Shillibeer introduces his three-horse Omnibus between the Yorkshire Stingo near Paddington Green and Bank via the New Road.
  • 29 September: Metropolitan Police of Sir Robert Peel starts operation within a 7-mile (11 km) radius of Charing Cross.[54]
  • November: Thomas Hornor's Panoramic view of London, the largest panoramic painting ever created, is completed in the London Colosseum, purpose-designed by Decimus Burton in Regent's Park.
  • General Post Office headquarters building in St Martin's Le Grand completed.
• 1830
  • Spring: Hertford Union Canal opens to connect Regent's Canal with Lee Navigation.
  • 28 July: First police officer to be killed on duty in the UK, Joseph Grantham in Somers Town.
  • 6 December: The City's Court of Common Council orders removal of inscriptions on the Monument to the Great Fire of London and the house in Pudding Lane where the fire started falsely blaming it on Papists.[55]
  • 16 December: Last hanging for piracy at Execution Dock, Wapping.
  • Geographical Society of London founded.
  • London Mechanics' Institute admits its first women students.
  • Price's Patent Candles founded by William Wilson at Vauxhall
• 1831
  • 29 March: Exeter Hall opens in The Strand.
  • 16 May: Middlesex County Asylum for pauper lunatics opens at Hanwell under the humane superintendence of William Charles Ellis.
  • 1 August: The new London Bridge is officially opened in the presence of the new king.[53]
  • 8 September: Coronation of King King William IV in Westminster Abbey.[15]
  • c. September: Lowther Arcade opens.[56]
  • October: King's College London opens.
  • July–August 1832: St Dunstan-in-the-West church in Fleet Street rebuilt.[57]
  • Royal Surrey Gardens laid out as zoological and pleasure gardens.
  • Young's take over the 16th-century Ram Brewery in Wandsworth.
  • The house which will eventually contain Abbey Road Studios is built in the St John's Wood district.
• 1832
  • 12 February: Second cholera pandemic begins to spread in London, starting from the East End. It is declared officially over in early May but deaths continue. It will claim at least 3000 victims.
  • 11 July: Kensal Green Cemetery authorised by Act of Parliament,[58] first of the "Magnificent Seven cemeteries" (consecrated 24 January 1833).
  • 7 November: Northfield Allotments established.
  • Finsbury (UK Parliament constituency), Lambeth (UK Parliament constituency), Marylebone (UK Parliament constituency), and Tower Hamlets (UK Parliament constituency) established.[59]
• 1833
  • 1 January: London Fire Engine Establishment formed under the leadership of James Braidwood merging the existing insurance company brigades.
  • New Hungerford Market building[56] and Leather Market (Bermondsey) open.
• 1834
  • 14 July: Lyceum Theatre opens.
  • 16 October: Burning of Parliament.[60]
  • 23 December: Architect and inventor Joseph Hansom patents the Hansom cab.[15][25]
  • Old Bailey renamed as the Central Criminal Court.
  • The Institute of British Architects in London, predecessor of the Royal Institute of British Architects, is formed.
  • Harrods founded as a grocer in Stepney in the East End.[61]
• 1835
  • November: The Grand Junction Canal company's Kingsbury ("Welsh Harp") Reservoir in Brent is first filled.[62]
  • Regent's Park opens to the public.
  • Madame Tussauds wax museum in business.
  • Geological Museum founded as The Museum of Practical Geology.[63]
• 1836
  • 2 January: Bentley's Miscellany literary magazine begins publication under the editorship of Charles Dickens.
  • 8 February: First section of London and Greenwich Railway, the first steam-worked line in London, begins operating between Spa Road and Deptford.[64]
  • 2 April: Charles Dickens marries Catherine Hogarth at St Luke's Church, Chelsea.[65]
  • 7 June: First University Boat Race held on the Thames in London; Cambridge wins.
  • 9 June: London Working Men's Association formed; later a centre for Chartism.[25]
  • 28 November: University of London chartered.[1]
  • December: Dickens first meets his lifelong friend, the biographer and critic John Forster.[65]
  • 14 December: London and Greenwich Railway trains begin to start from London Bridge station, making it the first permanent London terminus.[66]
  • Statue of King George IV at Kings Cross completed by this date; it is demolished in 1845.
• 1837
  • 11 January: The Royal Institute of British Architects in London is granted its royal charter.[67]
  • 20 January: Death of the neo-classical architect Sir John Soane gives effect to the creation of his London house as Sir John Soane's Museum.
  • February: Serialisation of Charles Dickens' novel Oliver Twist begins in Bentley's Miscellany.[23]
  • 1 June: The Government-funded Normal School of Design, predecessor of the Royal College of Art, begins classes at Somerset House.
  • 3 June: The London Hippodrome opens in Bayswater.
  • 20 June: At 6.00 a.m., Francis Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham (Lord Chamberlain) and William Howley (Archbishop of Canterbury) call on Princess Victoria of Kent at Kensington Palace to tell her she has become Queen Victoria on the death of her uncle William IV.
  • 13 July: Queen Victoria moves from Kensington Palace into Buckingham Palace, the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, their London home.[15]
  • 20 July: Euston railway station, London's first mainline railway terminus, is opened by the London and Birmingham Railway.[15]
  • 28 August: Army and Navy Club founded.
  • 7 December: West Norwood Cemetery consecrated (authorised 1836).
  • Art Union of London founded.
  • Brown's Hotel established.
• 1838
  • 10 January: A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange.[26]
  • 8 April: The National Gallery first opens to the public in the building purpose-designed for it by William Wilkins in Trafalgar Square (which is being cleared at this time).[56]
  • 4 June: First section of the Great Western Railway opens from original London Paddington station to Maidenhead.[68]
  • 28 June: Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey.[69]
  • 6 August: The Polytechnic Institution, Britain's first polytechnic, opens in Regent Street.[70]
  • Hampton Court Palace state rooms and gardens open to the public, without charge.[71]
  • Kew Bridge Pumping Station at Brentford begins operation.
  • Langham Sketching Club formed.[67]
• 1839
  • 20 May: Highgate Cemetery dedicated.
  • 5 June: London and Croydon Railway begins operating.
  • 13 September–October: M. de St Croix, visiting from France, displays Daguerreotypes in London and takes some of his own, the earliest known photographs of the city.[72]
  • Sisters of Mercy establish the first Roman Catholic convent in England since the Reformation, at Bermondsey.[73]
  • City of London Police given statutory authority.
• 1840
  • 14 January: Chartist rising in the East End largely suppressed by police.
  • 10 February: Marriage of Queen Victoria in St James's Palace.
  • 15 April
    • King's College Hospital opens in Portugal Street.
    • West London Synagogue established.
  • 27 April: The foundation stone of the new Palace of Westminster is laid as its reconstruction following the Burning of Parliament in 1834 begins (completed in 1860).[74]
  • June: World Anti-Slavery Convention held in Exeter Hall.
  • 1 July: Eastern Counties Railway extended to a new London terminus, Bishopsgate railway station,[66] known until 1847 as Shoreditch.
  • 6 July: London and Blackwall Railway (cable worked) opens to a temporary City terminus in Minories.[66]
  • 15 September: Northern and Eastern Railway opens its first section from Stratford together with the first Stratford Depot which over the next century will become the largest motive power depot in the UK.
  • 30 September: Foundation of Nelson's Column laid,[15] Trafalgar Square being laid out and paved during the year.[1]
  • Abney Park, Nunhead and Brompton, three of the "Magnificent Seven cemeteries", are opened.
  • W. Harrison Ainsworth's novels Guy Fawkes and The Tower of London and Charles Dickens' The Old Curiosity Shop are serialised.
• 1841
  • February–November: Charles Dickens' novel Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty is published serially.
  • 8 March: Establishment of The Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest, predecessor of the Royal Brompton Hospital.
  • 6 June: United Kingdom Census 1841: Population: 123,563; county 1,825,714; Greater London 2,235,344.[7]
  • 12 July: London and Brighton Railway begins operating from Norwood Junction (extended 21 September through to Brighton).
  • 17 July: Punch magazine begins publication.
  • 2 August: Fenchurch Street railway station opens for the London and Blackwall Railway.[66]
  • 30 October: A fire at the Tower of London destroys its Grand Armoury and causes a quarter of a million pounds worth of damage.[26]
  • 12 November: The Jewish Chronicle newspaper begins publication.
  • Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, first open to the public.
  • The City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery, last of the "Magnificent Seven cemeteries" open.
  • Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square, constructed for an equestrian statue of William IV; this is never erected due to lack of funds and the plinth remains empty until 1999.
  • London Library begins operation in Pall Mall.[18]
  • Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes founded.
  • Chemical Society of London and London Philanthropic Society[18] founded.
• 1842
  • 14 May: The Illustrated London News begins publication.[75][6]
  • 10 & 19 November: Fleet and Marshalsea debtors' prisons closed.
  • Pentonville Prison begins operating.[37]
  • Charles Edward Mudie begins his Mudie's Select Library business from his stationery shop in Bloomsbury.[75]
• 1843
  • 20 January: Daniel M'Naghten shoots and kills the Prime Minister's private secretary, Edward Drummond, in Whitehall.[76]
  • 25 March: Marc Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel under the river, opens to pedestrians.[15]
  • 2 September: The Economist newspaper first published (preliminary issue dated August).
  • 3–4 November: The statue of Nelson placed atop Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square.[47]
  • Development of Cubitt Town begins.[77]
  • International Peace Congress held.
• 1844
  • 27 May: West London Railway opens.
  • 6 June: Young Men's Christian Association founded.
  • 28 October: Royal Exchange opens.[78]
  • First recorded eel and mash shop in London.[79]
• 1845
  • 3 January: First known arrest of a fugitive achieved through use of the new electric telegraph when John Tawell is arrested after being followed by a detective alerted prior to Tawell's arrival at Paddington station.
  • 7 February: In the British Museum, a drunken visitor smashes the Portland Vase which takes months to repair.[80]
  • 15 March: First University Boat Race to use the modern-day Putney to Mortlake course (albeit in the reverse direction to that later adopted).[1]
  • 26 March: Sisterhood of the Holy Cross ('Park Village Community') established as the first Anglican sisterhood, to minister to the poor of St Pancras.[81]
  • 1 May
    • Hungerford Bridge opens as a tolled suspension footbridge.[47]
    • First cricket match to be played at the Kennington Oval.[1]
  • Fuller's Brewery established as a partnership to run the Griffin Brewery in Chiswick.
  • Laying out of Victoria Park in the East End, the first "People's Park", begins.
  • Metropolitan Buildings Office established.
• 1846
  • 3 April: Last London-based mail coach runs, to Norwich.[82]
  • 26 August: North London Railway authorised as East & West India Docks & Birmingham Junction Railway, opening from 1850.
• 1847
  • New Oxford Street constructed.
  • Entrance wing to British Museum constructed.
  • Royal Brompton Hospital admits its first patients.
  • Bernard Quaritch sets up his own bookselling business.
• 1848
  • 10 April: "Monster" Chartist rally on Kennington Common.[47]
  • 21 April–23 November: Chopin visits London and Scotland, his last public appearance on a concert platform being on 16 November at the Guildhall.[83]
  • 4 July: St George's Church, Southwark is opened, the largest post-Reformation Roman Catholic church in London at this date, becoming a cathedral in 1852. The first marriage held here (10 August) is of its architect, Augustus Pugin.
  • 11 July: Waterloo station opens.[15]
  • October: The Palm house at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, designed by architect Decimus Burton and iron-founder Richard Turner, is completed and opened.
  • The Duke of Wellington, Constable of the Tower since 1826, has a north bastion added to the Tower of London in response to the Chartist threat.[84]
  • Metropolitan Evening Classes for Young Men, a predecessor of London Metropolitan University, are instituted at Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate, by Rev. Charles Mackenzie.[85]
  • Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes completes its first dwellings, Metropolitan Buildings, at Kings Cross.
  • Queen's College, London, founded, the world's first school to award academic qualifications to young women.
  • Samuel Reiss's Grand Cigar Divan becomes Simpson's Grand Divan Tavern.
• 1849
  • May: First exhibition of paintings by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: John Everett Millais' Isabella and Holman Hunt's Rienzi at the Royal Academy summer exhibition, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Girlhood of Mary Virgin at the Institution for the Free Exhibition of Modern Art's "St. George's Gallery" in Knightsbridge next to Hyde Park Corner.
  • Summer: Karl Marx moves from Paris to London, where he will spend the remainder of his life.
  • July: Second cholera pandemic (1849–51): Horsleydown cholera outbreak.[86]
  • 31 July: Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street, Mayfair, opens, London's first post-Reformation Jesuit church.
  • 9 August: "The Bermondsey Horror": Marie Manning and her husband, Frederick, murder Patrick O'Connor. On 13 November they are hanged together publicly by William Calcraft at Horsemonger Lane Gaol for the crime.[87]
  • 12 October: 5 workmen are killed by toxic gases in a Pimlico sewer.[88]
  • 17 December: The customer, probably Edward Coke, collects the first bowler hat (devised by hatmakers Thomas and William Bowler) from hatters James Lock & Co. of St James's.[89]
  • Bedford College founded by Elizabeth Jesser Reid as the Ladies College in Bedford Square, a non-sectarian higher education institution to provide a liberal female education.
  • Harrods moves to Knightsbridge,[90] and Gatti's cafe in Holborn in business.
• 1850
  • 4 April: North London Collegiate School for girls established in new premises with Frances Buss as Principal.
  • 25 May: The hippopotamus Obaysch arrives at London Zoo from Egypt, the first to live in the British Isles since prehistoric times.
  • London butchers C Lidgate opens for the first time.

1850s–1870s

• 1851
  • March: Marble Arch relocated to Hyde Park.
  • 1 May: The Great Exhibition opens in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park.[91]
  • 16 July: A Roman Catholic educational training college, predecessor of St Mary's University, is established in Hammersmith.
  • Reuters news agency in business.
  • The Royal Marsden is established as the Free Cancer Hospital by surgeon William Marsden, the world's first specialist cancer hospital.
  • Ticket office at Tower of London erected by Office of Works, the UK's first government-funded tourist infrastructure.
  • Hungerford Hall built in Westminster.
  • Westminster College, a Methodist teacher training institution, is established.
  • Wandsworth Prison (Surrey House of Correction) admits its first inmates.
  • Henry Mayhew's social survey London Labour and the London Poor, which began publication in The Morning Chronicle in 1849, is collected in book form.
• 1852
  • 3 February: The new chamber of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in the Palace of Westminster, designed by Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin, is opened.
  • 11 February: The first British public toilet for women opens in Bedford Street.
  • 14 February: Great Ormond Street Hospital is opened as Britain's first children's hospital by Doctor Charles West with only 10 beds.[15] Over its long history, the hospital has become one of the world leading centres for many specialist areas with 389 beds.
  • March: The Charles Dickens' novel Bleak House begins serialization.
  • May: The Museum of Manufactures, predecessor of the Victoria and Albert Museum, opens, initially at Marlborough House.[92]
  • 17 May: Canterbury Music Hall, the first tavern music hall, is opened in Lambeth by impresario Charles Morton.
  • 14 October: King's Cross railway station opens.[66]
  • Metropolis Water Act 1852 prohibits extraction of drinking water from the Thames tideway after 31 August 1855.
  • Taylor & Francis publisher in business.[93]
• 1853
  • 20 January: Photographic Society of London founded.
  • May: The world's first public aquarium opens in Regent's Park.[6]
  • Uriah Maggs establishes the antiquarian bookselling business that becomes Maggs Bros Ltd.[43]
  • Edward Stanford sets up as a mapseller.
  • Minchington Hall estate merged into that of Arnos Grove.
• 1854
  • 16 January: The permanent Paddington station train shed, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, opens.[94]
  • 18 March: Royal Panopticon opens.
  • April: Charles Spurgeon, aged 19, becomes preacher of the Baptist Metropolitan Tabernacle at the New Park Street Chapel.
  • 10 June: The Crystal Palace reopens in Sydenham[15] with life-size dinosaur models in the grounds.
  • 31 August–8 September: An epidemic of cholera kills 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of the Broad Street cholera outbreak (that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.[95]
  • 13 November: London Necropolis Company (established by Act of Parliament 30 June 1852) begins operating Brookwood Cemetery near Woking in Surrey with a connecting London Necropolis Railway service from its own station adjacent to Waterloo.[96]
  • Kennington Park opens.
• 1855
  • 11 April: First six post boxes in London begin to function.[53]
  • By June: Victoria Dock opens, the first in London designed to accommodate steamships.
  • June
    • Metropolitan Cattle Market[97] opens.
    • Riot over Sunday Trading Bill.
  • 29 June: The Daily Telegraph newspaper begins publication.[15]
  • 3 September: The last Bartholomew Fair takes place.[98]
  • December: Charles Dickens' novel Little Dorrit begins serialisation.
  • 12 December: Stepney Academy moves to Holford House as Regent's Park College, a Baptist institution.
  • 17 December: London General Omnibus Company established in Paris as the Compagnie Générale des Omnibus de Londres; in the following year it absorbs a substantial proportion of the horse-bus operators in London.
  • 22 December: Metropolitan Board of Works established.
  • London and Middlesex Archaeological Society established.
  • The London School of Jewish Studies opens as the Jews' College, a rabbinical seminary.
• 1856
  • 5 March: Fire destroys Covent Garden Theatre.[15]
  • 15 March: The Boat Race 1856, first of the annual series rowed between Cambridge and Oxford University Boat Clubs on the Thames in London.
  • 22 August: Eastern Counties Railway opens its branch to Loughton; from 1947 this will be the oldest section of the London Underground.
  • 9 November: Last Lord Mayor's Show in which barges on the Thames are used.
  • 2 December: National Portrait Gallery formally established.[99]
  • Surrey Music Hall built in Royal Surrey Gardens.
• 1857
  • 2 May: British Museum Reading Room opens.[97]
  • 22 June: South Kensington Museum is opened[100] by the Queen. It is a predecessor of the Victoria and Albert Museum but includes the collection of machinery which becomes the Science Museum; it is also the world's first museum to incorporate a refreshment room.[101]
  • Peek Freans established as biscuit manufacturers in Bermondsey.
• 1858
  • 1 January: Designation of London postal districts completed.[53]
  • 31 January: Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Eastern is launched at Millwall.
  • 3 April: Chelsea Bridge, a toll iron suspension bridge over the Thames, opens to the public.
  • 10 April: Big Ben, the Great Bell for the Palace of Westminster's clock tower, is recast at Whitechapel Bell Foundry.
  • 1 July: Papers by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace announcing a theory of evolution by natural selection are read at the Linnean Society of London.[15]
  • 2 July–August: Great Stink.
  • 17 July: Salvage of the Lutine bell, which is subsequently hung in Lloyd's of London.
  • Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes completes Albert Cottages, Stepney.[102]
  • Blackheath F.C. founded, an early rugby football club.
• 1859
  • 15 January: National Portrait Gallery opens.[1]
  • 16 March: Jewish Board of Guardians first meets, in the East End.
  • 21 April: First drinking fountain erected by the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association.
  • 7 September: The clock and chimes of the newly completed Clock Tower at the Palace of Westminster become fully operational. The great bell, which first chimed on 11 July, acquires the nickname "Big Ben" by association with Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover.
  • Red House in Bexleyheath, a key building in the Arts and Crafts Movement, is designed by its owner, William Morris, and the architect Philip Webb.
  • Wilton's Music Hall opens in the East End.
  • Approximate date: Rail service to Great Northern Cemetery at New Southgate begins.
• 1860
  • 28 February: The Artists Rifles is established as the 38th Middlesex (Artists) Rifle Volunteer Corps with headquarters at Burlington House.[103]
  • 9 July: The Nightingale Training School and Home for Nurses, the first nursing school based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, opens at St Thomas' Hospital.
  • 28 August: Union of Benefices Act passed to reduce the number of parish churches in the City and build new ones in the expanding suburbs. St Benet Gracechurch is the first to be demolished under this scheme, in 1868.
  • 1 October: First section of Victoria station opens, with trains using the Grosvenor Bridge across the Thames.[66]
  • November: The 'Temporary Home for Lost and Starving Dogs', predecessor of the Battersea Dogs and Cats Home, is established by Mary Tealby.
  • 29 December: The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, HMS Warrior is launched on the Thames at Blackwall.[15]
  • Approximate date: One of the first recorded fish and chip shops in the United Kingdom is Joseph Malin's in London.[104]
• 1861
  • 20 February: Storms damage the Crystal Palace.
  • 18 March: Metropolitan Tabernacle dedicated.
  • 23 March: First of George Francis Train's demonstration horse-drawn trams in London begins operating on the Bayswater Road; none last beyond the end of the year.
  • 26 March: The Oxford Music Hall is opened on Oxford Street by impresario Charles Morton.
  • 22 June: Tooley Street fire breaks out; James Braidwood is killed while fighting it.
  • 31 July: Church of St James the Less, Pimlico, consecrated.
  • Crimean War Memorial unveiled, including sculptures of Other Ranks.
  • Stationers' Company's School established.
  • Royal Horticultural Society opens gardens and exhibition space in South Kensington (these close in 1882).
  • Amateur Photographic Association formed.[105]
• 1862
  • 26 March: Peabody Trust housing association established by London-based American banker George Peabody as the Peabody Donation Fund.
  • 1 May–1 November: 1862 International Exhibition or "Great London Exposition" held in South Kensington.[64]
  • 24 May: New Westminster Bridge, an iron arched bridge designed by Thomas Page, opens.[106]
  • 10 November: First Lambeth Bridge, a toll suspension bridge designed by Peter W. Barlow, opens.
  • c. November: Joseph Bazalgette begins construction of the Thames Embankment.[1][107]
  • Royal Agricultural Hall opens in Islington.
  • Science collections of the South Kensington Museum move to separate buildings on Exhibition Road.[108]
  • Derry & Toms established as drapers in Kensington High Street.
  • Edward Stanford first publishes Stanford's Library Map of London and its suburbs.
• 1863
  • 10 January: The first section of the London Underground, the Metropolitan Railway between Paddington and Farringdon Street, opens to the public, operated by steam.[109]
  • 2 March: Clapham Junction railway station opens.
  • March: American-born painter James McNeill Whistler settles close to the Thames in Chelsea, where he will live for most of the rest of his life.
  • 12 June: The Arts Club is founded by Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope, Frederic Leighton and others in Mayfair as a social meeting place for those involved or interested in the creative arts.[67]
  • 26 October: The Football Association is founded at the Freemasons' Tavern in Long Acre.[2]
  • 19 December: The first game is played under the new Football Association rules at Mortlake between Ebenezer Morley's Barnes Club and Richmond F.C., ending in a goalless draw.[110]
  • Alexandra Park opens in Haringey.
  • Siemens & Halske relocates from Millbank to former Woolwich Dockyard area, where its submarine-cable factory becomes a major employer.[111]
  • William Whiteley opens the drapery that becomes Whiteleys department store in Westbourne Grove[112] and Curwen Press[24] in business.
  • Lyon's Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery, is dissolved and demolished
• 1864
  • 11 January: Charing Cross railway station and bridge are opened by South Eastern Railway. New Hungerford Bridge opens 1 May to pedestrians as part of Charing Cross Bridge and Strand Musick Hall opens in arches underneath station.
  • April: Giuseppe Garibaldi visits London.
  • 13 June: Hammersmith & City line is opened.
  • 28 September: International Workingmen's Association founded in London.[113]
  • 21 December: Blackfriars Railway Bridge is opened by London, Chatham and Dover Railway.
  • Aerated Bread Company opens the first A.B.C. tea shop, in the forecourt of Fenchurch Street railway station.
• 1865
  • 7 February: Pall Mall Gazette newspaper begins publication.
  • 4 April: Official opening of Crossness Pumping Station, a major landmark in completion of the new London sewerage system designed by Joseph Bazalgette for the Metropolitan Board of Works.[2][114] Construction of the complementary Abbey Mills Pumping Station begins and is completed in 1868.
  • 10 April: New Hampton Court Bridge, built in iron, opens.
  • 26 June: Jumbo, a young male African elephant, arrives at London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction.
  • 2 July: The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel by William and Catherine Booth.[15][2]
  • 1 November: Broad Street station opens as a City terminus for passengers on the North London Railway.
  • c. November: Eleanor cross reproduction erected in front of Charing Cross railway station.
  • Café Royal in business in Piccadilly.
  • Major outbreak of rinderpest in British cattle leads to the abolition of urban cowkeeping by London dairies.
• 1866
  • 1 January: Metropolitan Fire Brigade set up by the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act 1865 under control of the Metropolitan Board of Works and under the leadership of Eyre Massey Shaw.
  • July: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson opens the St Mary's Dispensary in Bryanston Square, Marylebone, where women can seek medical advice from exclusively female practitioners.[2]
  • 23–25 July: Demonstrations in Hyde Park in favour of parliamentary reform turn violent.[1]
  • 15 August: Saint Joseph's Missionary Society of Mill Hill founded.
  • 1 September: Cannon Street station is opened as a terminus by the South Eastern Railway.
  • The last cholera epidemic in London causes over 5,000 deaths.[2]
  • John I. Thornycroft & Company established as shipbuilders by John Isaac Thornycroft at Chiswick.
  • Harlequin F.C. established as Hampstead Football Club to play rugby union; its first recorded game takes place in 1867.
• 1867
  • Early?: Charing Cross Music Hall opens.
  • 15 January: 40 skaters are killed when ice breaks in Regent's Park.
  • By February: The Society of Arts inaugurates the blue plaque scheme, advanced by William Ewart, for erecting memorial tablets on London houses previously the homes of notable people, the first being at Lord Byron's birthplace, 24 Holles Street, off Cavendish Square.[115]
  • 20 May: Laying of the foundation stone of the Royal Albert Hall by Queen Victoria.[15]
  • October
    • Thomas Barnardo opens his first shelter for homeless children, in Stepney.[1]
    • Hop and Malt Exchange opens in Southwark.
  • 13 December: Clerkenwell explosion ("Clerkenwell Outrage") at Clerkenwell Prison during a Fenian escape attempt; 12 local residents are killed.[1]
  • Autumn/Winter: Wasps Rugby Football Club formed.
  • Rebuilding of Palace of Westminster completed.[60]
• 1868
  • 14 March: Millwall Dock opens
  • 25 April: HMS Repulse, the last wooden battleship constructed for the Royal Navy, is launched as an ironclad at Woolwich Dockyard.
  • 26 May: Last public hanging in Britain – Fenian bomber Michael Barrett outside Newgate Prison for his part in the Clerkenwell explosion.[116]
  • 1 October
    • St Pancras railway station train shed, designed by W. H. Barlow, opens (construction of the permanent station buildings and Midland Grand Hotel, designed by George Gilbert Scott, has only just begun).[66]
    • Metropolitan Railway extended from Paddington (Bishop's Road) station to Gloucester Road via Bayswater and Notting Hill Gate Underground stations.
  • 24 November: Smithfield Meat Market opens.[15]
  • 8 December: The Echo newspaper begins publication.
  • 10 December: The world's first traffic lights are installed in Parliament Square.[15]
  • 21 December: New Gaiety Theatre opens.[117]
  • 24 December: First section of District line of the London Underground opens from South Kensington to Westminster.[118]
  • Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society established as the Royal Arsenal Supply Association, a consumers' co-operative.
• 1869
  • 6 March: The first international cycle race is held at Crystal Palace.[15]
  • 22 May: Sainsbury's first store opens, in Drury Lane.[119]
  • 6 November: New Blackfriars Bridge and Holborn Viaduct are opened by Queen Victoria.[53]
  • 24 November: Albert Embankment, engineered by Joseph Bazalgette, completed.
  • 7 December: First train runs through the Thames Tunnel on the East London Line.[19]
  • The Royal Navy closes its Deptford and Woolwich Dockyards.
• 1870
  • 16 April: Vaudeville Theatre opens.
  • 2 May: First permanent horse-drawn street trams in London, in the Brixton Road.
  • July: Monet and Pissarro move to London, fleeing the Franco-Prussian War.
  • 13 July: Victoria Embankment, engineered by Joseph Bazalgette, opens.[97]
  • 2 August: Official opening of the Tower Subway beneath the Thames, the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway.[15] Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical wrought iron tunnelling shield devised by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead.[19]
  • Gas Light and Coke Company opens Beckton Gas Works which becomes the largest in Europe.[120]
  • Barkers of Kensington established as drapers in Kensington High Street.
  • Opera Comique opens in Westminster.[117]
• 1871
  • 29 March: Royal Albert Hall opens in South Kensington; it incorporates a grand organ by Henry Willis & Sons, the world's largest at this time.
  • 24 April: Murder of servant girl Jane Clouson in Eltham.
  • Spring: James McNeill Whistler publishes Sixteen etchings of scenes on the Thames and paints his first "moonlights" (later called "nocturnes") of the river.
  • May: Beaver Hall demolished and its estate merged into that of Arnos Grove.
  • c. May: French painter James Tissot flees Paris for London.
  • 14 June: Camille Pissarro marries his mistress Julie Vellay in Croydon and returns to France.
  • 18 July: Slade School of Fine Art established.
  • 15 September: The Army & Navy Co-operative Society Ltd is incorporated, origin of the Army & Navy Stores.
  • Metropolitan Board of Works purchases its first portion of Hampstead Heath to preserve it from housing development.[121]
  • Maison Bertaux patisserie founded in Soho.
  • Approximate date: Berners Club for Women active.[112]
• 1872
  • 16 March: In the first ever final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest Association football competition, London club Wanderers F.C. defeat Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1–0 at The Oval in Kennington.[15]
  • 14 May: New church of St Mary Abbots in Kensington, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, consecrated.
  • 24 June: Bethnal Green Museum opens in the East End.[100]
  • 1 July: Metropolitan Turnpike Trust dissolved.
  • 3 July: Queen Victoria opens the Albert Memorial in memory of her husband Prince Albert.[122]
  • 18 July: Philanthropist Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts, becomes the first woman to be made an Honorary Freeman of the City of London.
  • 3 August: The Artizans, Labourers & General Dwellings Company (a philanthropic organisation established in 1867) begins building cottages for social housing, the Shaftesbury Park Estate in Battersea (completed 1877).[123]
  • 16 November: London Metropolitan Police strike.
• 1873
  • March: An American gang defrauds the Bank of England of £100,000.[124]
  • 10 March: New Guildhall Library building opens.[125]
  • 5 May: Midland Grand Hotel fronting St Pancras railway station is substantially completed and opened, the world's largest hotel at this time.[126]
  • c. 19 May: Vincent van Gogh begins an 18-month spell living and working in London for an art dealer.
  • 9 June: Alexandra Palace destroyed by fire only a fortnight after its opening.[26]
  • 23 August: Albert Bridge opens.
  • 27 September: First Wandsworth Bridge opens.
  • 17 November: Criterion Restaurant opens in Piccadilly.
  • Butler's Wharf warehouses completed.
  • Work begins on the Natural History Museum.[1]
• 1874
  • 2 February: Liverpool Street station opens as the City terminus of the Great Eastern Railway.[66]
  • 2 March: Holborn Viaduct station opens as a City terminus of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway.
  • 2 October: A barge carrying gunpowder on the Regent's Canal blows up under Macclesfield bridge at Regent's Park.
  • October: Northumberland House at Charing Cross purchased by the Metropolitan Board of Works to clear the site for construction of Northumberland Avenue (completed by 1876).
  • Autumn: London School of Medicine for Women founded.[127]
  • Chelsea Embankment opens.[97]
  • HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs begun: it is completed by prisoners.
  • College for Working Women established.[85]
  • Kirkaldy Testing and Experimenting Works in Southwark opens.
• 1875
  • February: The first shelter is installed by the Cabmen's Shelter Fund, in St John's Wood.
  • March: Frederick Hunt murders his wife and children in Penge.
  • 2 August: Belgravia Roller Skating Rink opens.[128]
  • September: Joseph Bazalgette completes the 30-year construction of London's sewer system.[1]
  • Arthur Liberty sets up the Liberty business in Regent Street.
  • Society for Photographing Relics of Old London established.
• 1876
  • 16 May: German American "Napoleon of crime" Adam Worth steals Gainsborough's Portrait of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire from Agnew's gallery in Old Bond Street three weeks after its sale at Christie's for 10,000 guineas, the highest price ever paid for a painting at auction at this time.[129]
  • 7 October: First greyhound race to use an artificial hare is held, at Hendon.[1]
  • November: Hampstead Cemetery opens.[130]
• 1877
  • 10 April: The first human cannonball act in the British Isles (and perhaps the world) is performed by 14-year-old Rossa Matilda Richter ("Zazel") at the Royal Aquarium.[131]
  • 13 April: Murder of Harriet Staunton in Penge.
  • 24 March: The Boat Race ends in a dead heat between Oxford and Cambridge for the only time in its history.
  • 20 July: New Billingsgate Fish Market building opens.
  • Richard Norman Shaw appointed architect to Bedford Park (laid out 1875).[123]
  • Grosvenor Gallery opens to show contemporary art.
  • The Peter Jones draper's moves to the King's Road.
• 1878
  • 2–13 January: Wren's Temple Bar is dismantled. In 1880, a monument is erected on its original site marking the entrance to the City; the gateway is re-erected at Theobalds Park in Hertfordshire.[132]
  • 24 February: Anti-Russian demonstrations in Hyde Park.
  • 5 March: William Burges moves into The Tower House which he has designed for himself in the Holland Park district.
  • 25 May: Opening of Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera HMS Pinafore, at the Opera Comique on the Strand[1] with a first run of 571 performances.
  • July: American-born painter James McNeill Whistler moves into the White House, designed by E. W. Godwin in Tite Street, Chelsea; also this year Oscar Wilde moves (initially) into No. 1 in the same street by the same architect.
  • 8 August: Epping Forest Act requires it to be preserved for public recreation in the care of the Corporation of London.
  • August: Gaiety Theatre becomes the first in London to light its stage with carbon arc lamps.[19]
  • 3 September: Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the collier Bywell Castle in the Thames off Woolwich.
  • 12 September: Cleopatra's Needle erected on the Victoria Embankment.[97]
  • October
    • The University of London becomes the first in the UK to admit women on equal terms with men.
    • William Morris moves into Kelmscott House on the Thames waterfront at Hammersmith.[133]
  • 13 December: Electric street lighting introduced in London, initially on the Thames Embankment, followed by Waterloo Bridge[1] (following illumination of the new Billingsgate Fish Market from 29 November).
  • Gamages open.
  • Leather, Hide and Wool Exchange built in Bermondsey.
  • St John's Wood Art School and Sette of Odd Volumes (club)[67] founded.
• 1879
  • 2 March: Murder of Julia Martha Thomas at Richmond.
  • 24 May: Metropolitan Board of Works frees Albert, Chelsea, Vauxhall and Lambeth Bridges of tolls.
  • 1 August: D'Oyly Carte Opera Company established.
  • 16 August: Fulham F.C. founded as the Fulham St Andrew's Church Sunday School football club.
  • November–March 1880: Probably the longest ever fog in its history engulfs London.[26]
  • First telephone exchange in London.
  • Welsh draper D H Evans opens his shop at 320 Oxford Street.

Commemorative plaque erected by the Society of Arts to caricaturist George Cruikshank in Camden (1885)

1880s–1890s

• 1880
  • 31 May: St James's Gazette newspaper begins publication.
  • 24 June: Royal Albert Dock opens.[134]
  • Summer: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire purchased by the Corporation of London to preserve the woodlands for public recreation.
  • 27 September: Guildhall School of Music opens.
  • 28 October: London Topographical Society founded as the Topographical Society of London.[135]
  • 17 November: The University of London awards the first degrees to women.[15]
  • The Old Vic theatre is taken over by Emma Cons as the Royal Victoria Hall and coffee tavern.
  • Henry Croft is dressing as a pearly king by this date.
• 1881
  • 16 March: Fenian dynamite campaign: A bomb is found and defused in the Mansion House.[136]
  • 3 April: United Kingdom Census 1881: Population: 50,569; county 3,779,728; Greater London 4,766,661.[7] One-seventh of the UK population live in London.
  • 18 April: The Natural History Museum opens[137] in South Kensington.
  • 14–20 July: International Anarchist Congress held in London.
  • 26 July: First publication of The Evening News.[10]
  • 10 October: Richard D'Oyly Carte's Savoy Theatre opens, the world's first public building to be fully lit by electricity, using Joseph Swan's incandescent light bulbs.[10][138][139] The run of Gilbert and Sullivan's new satirical opera Patience transfers from the Opera Comique. The stage is first lit electrically on 28 December.[140]
  • 15 December: Rebuilt Leadenhall Market opened.[141]
  • "Great Paul", Britain's heaviest swinging bell, is hung in the south-west tower of St Paul's Cathedral.
  • London Municipal Reform League founded.[18]
  • Leyton Orient F.C. formed as the football team of the Glyn Cricket Club.
• 1882
  • 12 January: Holborn Viaduct power station in the City, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation, supplying street lighting and some premises.[142]
  • 25 January: London Chamber of Commerce founded.[1]
  • 24 March: Jumbo the elephant departs from Britain having been sold by London Zoo to the American showman P. T. Barnum.
  • 12 May: Fenian dynamite campaign: A bomb explodes at the Mansion House.[136]
  • 5 September: Tottenham Hotspur F.C. founded as Hotspur F.C. by schoolboys with Bobby Buckle as first captain.
  • 25 September: Young Men's Christian Institute, the former Royal Polytechnic Institute and a predecessor of the University of Westminster, opens in new premises in Regent Street provided by Quintin Hogg.[1]
  • 2 October: Westfield College, a constituent college of the University of London, opens in Hampstead for the education of women.
  • 22 October: London Press Club established.
  • 25 November: The Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera Iolanthe is first produced at the Savoy Theatre.[15]
  • 4 December: Royal Courts of Justice open on the Strand in Westminster.
  • Christchurch Rangers, the earliest predecessor of Queens Park Rangers F.C., is founded.
  • London and Provincial Photographic Association established.[105]
• 1883
  • 20 January: Fenian dynamite campaign: An explosion at the Local Government Board, Charles Street, Mayfair (Westminster) causes over £4,000 worth of damage and some minor injuries to people nearby. A second bomb at The Times newspaper offices in Queen Victoria Street does not explode.[136]
  • 17 March: Karl Marx buried at Highgate Cemetery.
  • 7 May: Royal College of Music opens with George Grove as first Director.[1]
  • 4 August: The Noel Park estate of the Artizans, Labourers & General Dwellings Company is formally opened.[143]
  • 30 October: Fenian dynamite campaign: Two Clan na Gael dynamite bombs explode in the London Underground, at Paddington (Praed Street) station (injuring 70 people) and Westminster Bridge station.[136]
• 1884
  • January: London Hydraulic Power Company set up by Act to merge the Wharves & Warehouses Steam Power and Hydraulic Pressure Co. (1871) and the General Hydraulic Power Company (1882).
  • 4 January: Fabian Society founded[113] in Osnaburgh Street.
  • 26 February: Fenian dynamite campaign: A bomb explodes in the left-luggage office at Victoria station. Other bombs are defused at Charing Cross station, Ludgate Hill station and Paddington station.[136][144]
  • 16 April: Permanent Brompton Oratory consecrated.
  • 17 April: Empire Theatre opens.
  • 30 May: Fenian dynamite campaign: Three bombs explode in London: at the headquarters of the Criminal Investigation Department and the Metropolitan Police Service's Special Irish Branch; in the basement of the Carlton Club (a gentlemen's club frequented by members of the Conservative Party); and outside the home of Conservative MP Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn; ten people are injured. A fourth bomb planted at the foot of Nelson's Column fails to explode.[136]
  • 4 June: The East London Aquarium in Spitalfields is destroyed by fire with numerous animals killed.[145]
  • 8 July: The NSPCC is founded as the London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.[15]
  • 6 October: Circle line (London Underground) completed.
  • 22 October: International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. fixes the Greenwich meridian as the world's prime meridian.
  • Samuel and Henrietta Barnett with Raymond Unwin establish (and begin living at) the first university settlement, at Toynbee Hall in the East End.
  • St Columba's Church (Church of Scotland) built in Knightsbridge.
  • Swimming pool opens in Dartmouth Road, Forest Hill.
  • Society of Architects formed.[67]
• 1885
  • 2 January: Fenian dynamite campaign: A bomb explodes at Gower Street Tube station.[136]
  • 10 January: Japanese Village, Knightsbridge exhibition opens.
  • 24 January: Fenian dynamite campaign: Irish terrorists damage Westminster Hall and the Tower of London.[1]
  • 14 March: Première of Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Mikado at the Savoy Theatre.[146]
  • 6–9 July: Eliza Armstrong case: Campaigning journalist W. T. Stead publishes a series of articles in the Pall Mall Gazette entitled The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon exposing the extent of female child prostitution in London.[10]
  • 3 October: Millwall F.C., formed by the workers of J. T. Morton's canning factory on the Isle of Dogs as Millwall Rovers, play their first match.
  • Electrical power station installed at Grosvenor Gallery, developed for public supply.[19]
  • First municipal underground public toilet opens in the City for gentlemen (probable date).
  • The first modern pedestal flush toilet is demonstrated by Frederick Humpherson of the Beaufort Works, Chelsea.[147]
  • The Science Collections of the South Kensington Museum are renamed as the Science Museum.
  • Guildhall Art Gallery[53] and Huguenot Society of London established.
• 1886
  • 18 January: The Hockey Association is founded,[1] largely on the initiative of sports clubs in the London area, and codifies the rules for hockey.[148][149]
  • 7–8 February: Rioting in the West End and Trafalgar Square by the unemployed, coinciding with the coldest winter in thirty years; John Burns encourages the demonstrators.[51]
  • 10 March: First Crufts dog show held.[15]
  • 10 May: London, Chatham and Dover Railway duplicates Blackfriars Railway Bridge by construction of the parallel St Paul's Railway Bridge to serve a new terminus north of the Thames, St Paul's (renamed Blackfriars station in 1937).
  • 19 May: Highgate Wood purchased by the Corporation of London to preserve it for public recreation.
  • 29 May: Replacement Putney Bridge in stone opens over the Thames.
  • 20 July: Sayes Court Park opens to the public.
  • 11 December: Arsenal F.C., formed as Dial Square by (mostly Scottish) workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, play their first match, on the Isle of Dogs; the club is renamed Royal Arsenal soon afterwards, supposedly on 25 December.[150]
  • 25 December: Great snow storm in London.[82]
  • 26 December: Olympia exhibition centre opens as the National Agricultural Hall.
  • Queens Park Rangers F.C. formed by merger of existing clubs in north-west London.
  • Shaftesbury Avenue completed.
  • Last inmates of Millbank Prison.
• 1887
  • April–May: First Colonial Conference held at the Colonial Office.
  • 9 May: First exhibition at Earl's Court opens, an American Exhibition & Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show.
  • 14 May: People's Palace,[85] a predecessor of Queen Mary University of London, is opened in the East End by Queen Victoria.
  • 11 June: Replacement Hammersmith Bridge, a suspension bridge over the Thames, opens.
  • 6/7 August: A fourth major fire devastates Whiteleys department store in Bayswater.[151]
  • 13 November ("Bloody Sunday"): A large socialist demonstration addressed by respectable speakers is violently broken up by the police; at a 20 November demonstration against police brutality a bystander is killed.
  • November: Arthur Conan Doyle's first detective novel, A Study in Scarlet, is published in Beeton's Christmas Annual by Ward Lock & Co. in London, introducing the London consulting detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend and chronicler Dr. Watson.[58]
  • Earl's Court site first used as a showground.
  • London Social Camera Club[105] established.
• 1888
  • 13 February: The first issue of the Financial Times goes on sale[1] (originally launched on 9 January by Horatio Bottomley as the London Financial Guide).
  • 23 March: A meeting called by William McGregor to discuss establishment of The Football League is held in London.[152]
  • 3 April: Prostitute Emma Elizabeth Smith is brutally attacked by two or three men, dying of her injuries the following day, first of the Whitechapel murders but probably not a victim of Jack the Ripper.
  • 26 May: Punch magazine begins serialisation of George and Weedon Grossmith's humorous The Diary of a Nobody, the first entry being for "April 3".
  • 2–27 July: London matchgirls strike of 1888: About 200 workers, mainly teenaged girls, strike following the dismissal of three colleagues from the Bryant and May match factory, precipitated by an article on their working conditions published on 23 June by campaigning journalist Annie Besant, and the workers unionise on 27 July.[153]
  • 7 August: Whitechapel murders: The body of prostitute Martha Tabram is found, a possible victim of Jack the Ripper.[15]
  • 13 August: The Local Government Act, effective from 1889, establishes the County of London.[18]
  • 31 August: Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of prostitute Mary Ann Nichols is found in Buck's Row, perhaps the first victim of Jack the Ripper.
  • September: Woolwich Market officially established at Beresford Square.[154]
  • 8 September: Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of prostitute Annie Chapman is found. She is considered to be the second victim of Jack the Ripper.
  • 27 September: Whitechapel murders: The 'Dear Boss letter' signed "Jack the Ripper", the first time the name is used, is received by the Central News Agency.[15]
  • 30 September: Whitechapel murders: The bodies of prostitutes Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes, the latter mutilated, are found. They are generally considered Jack the Ripper's third and fourth victim respectively.
  • 2 October: The Whitehall Mystery: Dismembered remains of a woman's body are discovered at three central London locations, one being the construction site of New Scotland Yard.
  • 3 October: Gilbert and Sullivan's Savoy opera The Yeomen of the Guard premières at the Savoy Theatre.
  • 9 November: Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of prostitute Mary Jane Kelly is found. She is considered to be the fifth, and last, of Jack the Ripper's victims. A number of similar murders in England follows, but the police attribute them to copy-cat killers.
  • 17 December: The Lyric Theatre opens in the West End.[15]
  • The Star newspaper begins publication, covering the Whitechapel murders intensively.
  • Parliament Hill purchased by the Metropolitan Board of Works to preserve it as a public viewpoint.
  • First police boxes erected in London.
  • Eagle Cricket Club renamed Orient Football Club.
• 1889
  • 23 March: Woolwich Free Ferry inaugurated.
  • 1 April: Elected London County Council takes up its powers, in succession to the Metropolitan Board of Works.[18] Lord Rosebery is its first chairman.[1] The boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth and parts of Lewisham and the Penge area of Bromley, previously in the county of Surrey, become part of London[155] and Croydon becomes a county borough. Metropolitan Middlesex (about 20% of the area, containing a third of its population) is also transferred to London and the remainder becomes an administrative county governed by the Middlesex County Council[156] meeting at Middlesex Guildhall in Westminster. East Barnet Valley Urban District, previously partly in Middlesex, is transferred to Hertfordshire. The Liberty of the Clink is abolished.
  • 24 April: Garrick Theatre opens.
  • 6 July: Several aristocrats are implicated in the Cleveland Street scandal after police raid a male brothel.[10]
  • 6 August: Savoy Hotel opens.
  • 14 August–15 September: London Dock Strike of 1889: Dockers strike for a minimum wage of sixpence an hour ("The dockers' tanner"), which they eventually receive, a landmark in the development of New Unionism.[51]
  • 30 August: Official opening of Royal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office.
  • 7 September: Morley Memorial College for Working Men and Women opens in south London.[157]
  • Chenies Street Chambers Ladies Residential Dwellings open in Bloomsbury as partly co-operative residential apartments for single women.[44]
• 1890
  • 21 July: Replacement Battersea Bridge over the Thames opens.[15]
  • 10 October: Brentford F.C. established by members of Brentford Rowing Club.
  • November: Scotland Yard, headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, moves to a building on the Victoria Embankment, as New Scotland Yard.
  • 4 November: The City & South London Railway, the first deep-level electric underground railway in the world, opens.[15] It runs a distance of 5.1 km (3.2 mi) between the City of London and Stockwell.
  • December: No hours of sunshine are recorded this month in Westminster.[158]
  • Blackwall Buildings, Whitechapel, noted philanthropic housing, is built in the East End.
  • Construction begins of Britain's first council housing at Arnold Cross, Shoreditch in the East End.[159]
  • Pearson move their building contractor's business to London.[160]
  • The Rhymers' Club, a group of poets, begins to meet informally at the Cheshire Cheese in Fleet Street.
• 1890–1 – Construction of the first large-scale electrical power station, at Deptford.[1] From mid-1891, the first Bankside Power Station also begins operation.
• 1891
  • January: The Strand Magazine is first published. On 25 June, Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional London private consulting detective Sherlock Holmes appears in it for the first time, in the story "A Scandal in Bohemia" (issue dated July).[15]
  • 7 April: George Gissing's novel New Grub Street is published.
  • May: William Morris establishes the Kelmscott Press at Hammersmith.[133]
  • November: Woolwich Polytechnic opens in the Bathway Quarter in Woolwich, later to become the University of Greenwich.[161]
  • 26 December–January 1893: Venice in London spectacular at Olympia.
• 1892
  • 1 July: Royal Liberty of Havering dissolved.
  • 15 July: Bibliographical Society established.[162]
  • 30 September: Borough Polytechnic Institute, predecessor of London South Bank University, opens. Also this year, West Ham Technical Institute, predecessor of the University of East London, is founded.
  • 23 November: London Chamber of Arbitration instituted.[18]
  • Rosebery Avenue completed.
• 1893
  • 29 June: Unveiling of the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain (with its statue of Anteros), designed by Alfred Gilbert, at Piccadilly Circus.[163]
  • 25 November: Queen's Hall opens as a concert venue in Langham Place.
  • A director for the Science Museum is appointed.[164]
• 1894
  • 15 February (04:51 GMT): French anarchist Martial Bourdin attempts to destroy the Royal Greenwich Observatory with a bomb.[165]
  • 19 May: Richmond Lock and Footbridge open.
  • 30 June: Tower Bridge opens to traffic.
  • 20 September First Lyons tea shop opens in Piccadilly.[166]
  • 18 October: Kinetoscope Parlour, the first in the UK, is opened to the public in Oxford Street.
  • 29 September: Royal Commission on the Amalgamation of the City and County of London report issued.
  • December: Frederick Bremer, a plumber and gasfitter from Walthamstow, runs the first British four-wheeled petrol-engined motor car (self-built) on the public highway.[167][168]
  • Alfred Harmsworth buys the London Evening News newspaper.[10]
  • City of London School for Girls established.
  • Survey of London project begins as the Survey of the Memorials of Greater London established by C. R. Ashbee; it is taken over by the London County Council in 1897.
  • London Camanachd sport club formed.
• 1895
  • 1 January: Bishopsgate Institute opens.
  • 14 February: Première of Oscar Wilde's last play, the comedy The Importance of Being Earnest, at St. James' Theatre.[15]
  • 18 February: The Marquess of Queensberry (father of Lord Alfred Douglas, Oscar Wilde's lover), leaves his calling card at the Albemarle Club, inscribed: "For Oscar Wilde, posing somdomite", i.e. a sodomite, inducing Wilde to charge him with criminal libel.[169]
  • 3–5 April: Libel case of Wilde v Queensberry at the Old Bailey: Queensberry, defended by Edward Carson, is acquitted. Evidence of Wilde's homosexual relationships with young men renders him liable to criminal prosecution under the Labouchere Amendment.
  • 6 April: Oscar Wilde is arrested at the Cadogan Hotel for "unlawfully committing acts of gross indecency with certain male persons" and detained on remand in Holloway Prison.
  • 25 May: Criminal case of Regina v. Wilde: After a retrial at the Old Bailey, Oscar Wilde is convicted of gross indecency and is taken to Pentonville Prison to begin his two years' sentence of hard labour.[170]
  • 29 June: Formation of Thames Ironworks F.C. by workers at the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company in Canning Town, predecessors of West Ham United F.C., is announced.
  • 17 July: Great Wheel opens at the Earl's Court exhibition grounds; at 308 ft (94 m) it is the world's tallest Ferris wheel at this date. Last used in October 1906, it is demolished in 1907.
  • 20 July: Rebuilt Lyric Theatre (Hammersmith) opens.[171]
  • 10 August: The first ever indoor promenade concert, origin of The Proms, is held at the Queen's Hall, Langham Place, opening a series promoted by impresario Robert Newman with 26-year-old Henry Wood as sole conductor.[15]
  • 25 September: Snow falls in London.
  • October: London School of Economics holds its first classes.
  • November: The Lee–Enfield rifle, produced at the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield, is adopted as standard issue by the British Army, remaining in service until the 1960s.[172]
  • The Agapemonites complete the Ark of the Covenant church in Upper Clapton.
• 1896
  • 10 January: Birt Acres demonstrates his film projector, the Kineopticon, the first in Britain, to the Lyonsdown Photographic Club in New Barnet, the first film show to an audience in the UK.[173]
  • 14 January: Acres demonstrates his Kineopticon to the Royal Photographic Society at the Queen's Hall.[174]
  • 20 February:[175]
    • Robert W. Paul demonstrates his film projector, the Theatrograph (later known as the Animatograph), at the Alhambra Theatre.
    • The Lumiere Brothers first project their films in Britain, at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, Leicester Square.
  • 21 March: Kineopticon opened on Piccadilly Circus/Shaftesbury Avenue corner, but is destroyed by fire after a few weeks.
  • May: "Watkin's Tower" at Wembley Park opens to public. Never completed beyond its first stage, it is demolished by 1907 and Wembley Stadium (1923) eventually built on the site.[176]
  • 4 May: Daily Mail newspaper begins publication.
  • 19 May: Croydon Town Hall complex opens.[177]
  • July: Robert W. Paul shoots the first actuality film of a London street scene, Blackfriars Bridge (first screened the following month).
  • 26 July–1 August: International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress held in London.
  • 17 August: Bridget Driscoll becomes the first person in the world to be killed in a car accident, in the grounds of The Crystal Palace.[15]
  • 1 October: Trocadero restaurant of J. Lyons and Co. opened.[178]
  • November: Arthur Morrison's social realist novella A Child of the Jago is published.
  • Completion of the first flats in the London County Council's Boundary Estate in the East End, the country's earliest public housing scheme, replacing part of the notorious Old Nichol slum.[179]
  • Knight, Frank & Rutley, estate agents, established.
• 1897
  • 22 May: The Blackwall Tunnel, at this time the world's longest subaqueous tunnel, opens for road traffic beneath the Thames in the East End.[15]
  • 22 June: Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.
  • 21 July: The National Gallery of British Art (modern-day Tate Britain) opens on Millbank.
  • 10 August: The Automobile Club of Great Britain (modern-day Royal Automobile Club) founded in London.[15]
  • 19 August: First horseless, electric, taxicabs begin operating in London.[15]
• 1898
  • 21 June: At the launch of HMS Albion from the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company at Blackwell, 34 spectators drown when a stage collapses.
  • 19 July: French novelist Émile Zola arrives in London to escape imprisonment for criminal libel over his open letter J'Accuse…! on the Dreyfus affair.
  • 8 August: Waterloo & City line, a physically isolated Tube line operated by the London and South Western Railway, opens to the public.
  • 16 November: Harrods department store in Knightsbridge install the first (stepless) escalator in the UK.[180][181]
  • Hotel Russell built in Russell Square.
  • Lilian Baylis takes over management of The Old Vic theatre.
  • Orient Football Club renamed Clapton Orient.
• 1899
  • 25 February: In an accident at Grove Hill, Harrow, Edwin Sewell becomes the world's first driver of a petrol-driven vehicle to be killed; his passenger, Maj. James Richer, dies of injuries three days later.[182]
  • 15 March: Marylebone station, the last mainline London terminus, is opened by the Great Central Railway.
  • 17 May: Foundation stone of the Victoria and Albert Museum is laid by Queen Victoria, her last public engagement.[15]
  • 24 May: Kensington Palace state rooms are opened to the public by the Office of Works.
  • 13 July: London Government Act 1899 divides the County of London into 28 metropolitan boroughs with effect from 1 November 1900:[183] Battersea, Bermondsey, Bethnal Green, Camberwell, Chelsea, Deptford, Finsbury, Fulham, Greenwich, Hammersmith, Hackney, Hampstead, Holborn, Islington, Kensington, Lambeth, Lewisham, Paddington, Poplar, St Marylebone, St Pancras, Shoreditch, Southwark, Stepney, Stoke Newington, Wandsworth, Westminster, and Woolwich (including North Woolwich).[184]
  • September–October: Monet makes the first of three visits to London in consecutive years, painting views over the Thames from the Savoy Hotel.
  • 9 October: The Motor Traction Company introduces the first motor buses in regular London service, from Kennington to Victoria station.

See also

• Timeline of London
• History of London

References

1. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
2. Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
3. "Chronology of Scottish History". A Timeline of Scottish History. Rampant Scotland. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
4. Rolt, L. T. C. (1962). Great Engineers. London: Bell.
5. Burke, James (1978). Connections. London: Macmillan. pp. 145–6. ISBN 0-333-24827-9.
6. Anzovin, Steven; Podell, Janet, eds. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
7. Britannica 1910, p. 945: London: Population sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFBritannica1910 (help)
8. Price-Williams 1885.
9. Uglow, Jenny (2009-11-01). "The Pantomime Life of Joseph Grimaldi by Andrew McConnell". The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
10. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
11. Holmes, Richard (2013). Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-90870-4.
12. Conner, Clifford D. (2000). Colonel Despard: The Life and Times of an Anglo-Irish Rebel. Combined Publishing.
13. Jay, Mike (2004). The Unfortunate Colonel Despard. Bantam Press. ISBN 0593051955.
14. "Theatres Compete in Race to Install Gas Illumination - 1817" (PDF). Over The Footlights. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
15. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
16. "Our history". Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
17. The London Gazette, extraordinary edition, 6 November 1805; The Times, 7 November 1805.
18. Vincent, Benjamin (1910). Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.). London: Ward, Lock & Co.
19. Smith, Denis (2001). Civil Engineering Heritage – London and the Thames Valley. London: Thomas Telford. ISBN 978-07277-2876-0.
20. "Dreadful Catastrophe". The Times (6980). London. 1807-02-24. p. 3.
21. The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (1999). Oxford University Press.
22. "History of Temple Grove School" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
23. "Icons, a portrait of England 1800–1820". Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
24. Alwes, Chester L. (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In de Quadros, André (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7. Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
25. Evans, Eric J. (2013). "Framework of Events, 1816–1846". The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783–1870 (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-87371-6.
26. Weinreb 2008.
27. "Gas Light and Coke Co". Grace's Guide. 2014-05-16. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
28. Higman, Chris (March 2014), "The Gas Light and Coke Company" (PDF), 200 Years of Commercial Gas Production, p. 5, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-21, retrieved 2014-05-20
29. "Gas Light and Coke Co". Grace's Guide. 2014-05-16. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
30. Toone, William (1835). Chronological Historian ... of Great Britain. 2 (2nd ed.). London: J. Dowding.
31. "The Byron Chronology, 1814–1816". Romantic Circles. University of Maryland. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
32. "No. 17028". The London Gazette. 22 June 1815. p. 1213.
33. Butler, Charles (1816). The inaugural oration, spoken on the 4th day of November 1815, at the ceremony of laying the first stone of the London Institution, for the Diffusion of Science and Literature. London: Longman. Retrieved 2019-06-25.
34. Cooper, Sandi E. (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536343-2.
35. Ransom, P. J. G. (2012). Bell's Comet: How a Little Paddle Steamer Changed the Course of History. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 9781445603490.
36. Body, Geoffrey (1971). British Paddle Steamers. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 145. ISBN 0715351184.
37. Roth, Mitchel P. (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
38. Nicholson 1998.
39. "Theatres Compete in Race to Install Gas Illumination – 1817" (PDF). Over The Footlights. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
40. Reece, Damian (2011-03-25). "Spark-plug maker Johnson Matthey is a breath of fresh air for all of us". The Sunday Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
41. Keats, John (1973). Barnard, John (ed.). The Complete Poems. Harmondsworth: Penguin Education. ISBN 0-14-080668-7.
42. Cunningham, Peter (1850). Hand-Book of London (2nd ed.). John Murray.
43. Clegg, James, ed. (1899). "London". International Directory of Booksellers. London: Stock.
44. "London". Utopia Britannica. 2007-01-03. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
45. Penny Cyclopaedia 1839.
46. Elmes 1831.
47. Miltoun 1908.
48. Holland & Hannen and Cubitts – The Inception and Development of a Great Building Firm. 1920. p. 29.
49. "A history of cities in 50 buildings". The Guardian. London. 2015.
50. Rosenberg, Matt T. "Largest Cities Through History". About.com. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
51. Tames, Richard (2005). "Table of Events". Economy and Society in 19th Century Britain. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-61751-5.
52. "Icons, a portrait of England 1820–1840". Archived from the original on 2007-09-22. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
53. "City Timeline". City of London. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
54. "Empire and Sea Power". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
55. "Inscriptions". The Monument. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
56. Overall 1870.
57. Godfrey 1911.
58. Conlin 2013.
59. Knight 1844.
60. Britannica 1910, p. 549: Westminster sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFBritannica1910 (help)
61. "A Brief History of Harrods". Archived from the original on 2007-09-19. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
62. Faulkner, Alan H. (2000). "The Welsh Harp Reservoir". Journal of the Railway and Canal Historical Society. 33: 262–72.
63. Shepard, F. H. W., ed. (1960). "Jermyn Street". Survey of London: Volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1. pp. 271–284. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
64. O'Gorman, Francis, ed. (2010). "Victorian Culture Chronology". Cambridge Companion to Victorian Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88699-4.
65. Schlicke, Paul, ed. (2011). The Oxford Companion to Charles Dickens (Anniversary ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-964018-8.
66. Jackson, Alan A. (1985). London's Termini. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8634-4.
67. The Year's Art, London: Hutchinson and Co., 1922 – via Hathi Trust
68. MacDermot, E. T. (1964). History of the Great Western Railway. London: Ian Allan.
69. Cook 1921.
70. "University of Westminster". London: Beginnings Project. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
71. "Hampton Court Palace timeline". Hampton Court Palace. Historic Royal Palaces. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
72. Stamp, Gavin (1984). The Changing Metropolis: earliest photographs of London 1839-1879. Harmondsworth: Viking. ISBN 0-670-80058-9.
73. Nelson, Sioban (2001). Say Little, Do Much: Nursing, Nuns and Hospitals in the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3614-9.
74. Riding, Christine (2005-02-07). "Westminster: A New Palace for a New Age". BBC. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
75. Briggs, Asa; Burke, Peter (2009). "Chronology". Social History of the Media (3rd ed.). Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-4495-0.
76. Moran, Richard (2004). "McNaughtan, Daniel (1802/3–1865)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-02-02.(subscription or UK public library membership required)
77. Hobhouse, Hermione, ed. (1994). "Cubitt Town: The inland area". Survey of London: Volumes 43 and 44, Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs. pp. 498–514. Retrieved 2016-06-29.
78. "Royal Exchange History". Archived from the original on 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
79. "The History of Pie & Mash" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-03.
80. Chambers, Robert. "7 February". The Book of Days. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
81. Mumm, Susan (1999). Stolen Daughters, Virgin Mothers: Anglican Sisterhoods in Victorian Britain. Leicester University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0-7185-0151-9.
82. Blake, Richard. The Book of Postal Dates, 1635–1985. Caterham: Marden.
83. Cholmondeley, Rose (1998). "Chopin's visit to Britain, 1848". The Chopin Society UK. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
84. Experience the Tower of London. Hampton Court: Historic Royal Palaces. 2007. ISBN 978-1-873993-01-9.
85. Education Annual, London: George Philip & Son, 1890
86. Snow, John (1855). On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. London: John Churchill. Retrieved 2016-06-03.
87. Borowitz, Albert (1981). The Woman Who Murdered Black Satin: The Bermondsey Horror. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0-8142-0320-5.
88. M@ (2015-07-16). "London's Forgotten Disasters: The Toxic Sewer Of Pimlico". Londonist. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
89. Bloxham, Andy (2010-10-05). "Bowler hat makes a comeback". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
90. Graham, Kelley (2008). "Chronology". Gone To The Shops: Shopping In Victorian England. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-07147-8.
91. "Victorian Britain". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
92. Physick, John (1982). The Victoria and Albert Museum: the History of its Building. Oxford: Phaidon. p. 16.
93. Munroe, Mary H. (2004). "Taylor & Francis Timeline". The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on October 2014 – via Northern Illinois University.
94. Brindle, Steven (2004). Paddington Station: its history and architecture. Swindon: English Heritage. ISBN 1-873592-70-1.
95. Johnson, Steven (2006). The Ghost Map: a street, an epidemic and the two men who battled to save Victorian London. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9974-7.
96. Clarke, John M. (2006). The Brookwood Necropolis Railway. Locomotion Papers. 143 (4th ed.). Usk: Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-655-9.
97. Maxwell 1882.
98. Cavendish, Richard (2005). "London's Last Bartholomew Fair: September 3rd, 1855". History Today. 55 (9): 52.
99. "Gallery history". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
100. Dickens 1882.
101. Physick, John (1982). The Victoria and Albert Museum: the History of its Building. Oxford: Phaidon. p. 30.
102. "Albert Cottages, Tower Hamlets". British Listed Buildings. 1973-09-27. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
103. "Artists Rifles Association". 2006–2008. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
104. Rayner, Jay (2003-01-19). "Enduring Love". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
105. "Photographic Societies of the British Isles and Colonies", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, 1891
106. "Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide". Retrieved 2011-09-01.
107. "The Thames Embankment". The Times (24414). London. 1862-11-27. p. 12.
108. "Museum history". About us. London: Science Museum. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
109. Wilson 2004.
110. Bragg, Melvyn (2006). 12 books that changed the world. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-83980-5.
111. Saint, A., Guillery, P. (2012). Survey of London, Volume 48: Woolwich. Yale Books, London. ISBN 978-0-300-18722-9. p. 119.
112. Rappaport 2001.
113. Docherty, James C.; Lamb, Peter (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
114. "Opening of the Metropolitan Main Drainage Works". Hertford Mercury. 1865-04-08. p. 4.
115. "RSA Timeline". Archived from the original on 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2011-03-23.; "About blue plaques". Virtual Museum. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Retrieved 2011-03-23. Following the house's demolition some twenty years later, the original plaque is no longer extant and the earliest to survive is that erected by September to Napoleon III.
116. "Timeline of capital punishment in Britain". Retrieved 2011-02-02.
117. Baker 1904.
118. Connor, Piers (1993). Going Green. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport. ISBN 185414-157-0.
119. Baren, Maurice (1996). How it All Began Up the High Street. London: Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 1-85479-667-4.
120. Carr, R. J. M., ed. (1986). Dockland: An illustrated historical survey of life and work in east London. North East London Polytechnic; Greater London Council. ISBN 0-7168-1611-3.
121. "The fight to save the Heath". City of London. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
122. "Construction of the memorial, Royal Institute of British Architects". Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
123. London Suburbs. London: Merrell Holberton. 1999. ISBN 978-1-85894-077-9.
124. Hanrahan, David C. (2014). The Great Fraud on the Bank of England. Hale. ISBN 9780709095958.
125. "History of Guildhall Library". City of London. Retrieved 2016-06-14.
126. Lane, Thomas (2009-05-22). "Sleeping beauty awakes: the St Pancras Midland Grand hotel". building.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-10-28.
127. Elston, M. A. (2004). "Edinburgh Seven (act. 1869–1873)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
128. Van Dulken, Stephen (2001). Inventing the 19th Century: 100 Inventions that Shaped the Victorian Age. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8810-3.
129. Macintyre, Ben (1994-07-31). "The Disappearing Duchess". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
130. Holmes 1896.
131. The Guinness Book of Records.
132. "History of Temple Bar". Temple Bar. 2015. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
133. Elletson, Helen (2009). A History of Kelmscott House. Hammersmith: William Morris Society. ISBN 978-0-903283-27-4.
134. "Royal Docks History: June 1880". London's Royal Docks. Retrieved 2016-06-26.
135. London Topographical Record, London Topographical Society
136. Porter, Bernard (1991). The Origins of the Vigilant State: the London Metropolitan Police Special Branch before the First World War (Repr. ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 085115283X.
137. Steinbach, Susie L. (2012). "Timeline". Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76263-6.
138. "The Savoy Theatre". The Times. 3 October 1881. p. 7.
139. Burgess, Michael (January 1975). "Richard D'Oyly Carte". The Savoyard: 7–11.
140. "Savoy Theatre". The Times. 29 December 1881. p. 4. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
141. "Opening of the New Leadenhall Market". The Standard. 1881-12-16. p. 3.
142. Harris, Jack (1982-01-14). "The electricity of Holborn". New Scientist. London.
143. Welch, Caroline (2006). Noel Park: A Social and Architectural History. London: Haringey Council Libraries, Archives & Museum Services. OCLC 123373636.
144. Kenna, Shane (2014). War In The Shadows: the Irish-American Fenians who bombed Victorian Britain. Sallins: Merrion. ISBN 9781908928054.
145. M@ (2016-03-04). "The Burning Lions And Horrific Glass-Eating Bear Of Spitalfields". Londonist. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
146. The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
147. Eveleigh, David J. (2008). Privies and Water Closets. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0702-5.
148. "History and Rules of Hockey". Hockey in England. England Hockey Board. Archived from the original on 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
149. "General History of Field Hockey". Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
150. Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin (2005). The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61344-2.
151. "Affairs in Foreign Lands: The burning of Whiteley's great establishment. The loss estimated at $2,500,00 - incendiarism suspected". The New York Times. 1887-08-08.
152. Davies, Hunter (2003). Boots, Balls and Haircuts: An Illustrated History of Football from Then to Now. London: Cassell Illustrated. pp. 39–41. ISBN 1-84403-261-2.
153. "The Match Workers Strike Fund Register". Trades Union Congress Library at the London Metropolitan University. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
154. Saint, A., Guillery, P. (2012). Survey of London, Volume 48: Woolwich. Yale Books, London. ISBN 978-0-300-18722-9. p. 226.
155. Local Government Act 1888.
156. Barlow, I. M. (1991). Metropolitan Government. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415020999.
157. "The Royal Victoria Hall". South London Press. 1889-09-07. p. 3.
158. Met Office. Fact sheet No. 9.
159. "Boundary Estate, Arnold Circus, Shoreditch, London, E2". base property specialists. 2013-02-05. Archived from the original on 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
160. Munroe, Mary H. (2004). "Pearson Timeline". The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on October 2014. Retrieved 2016-06-10 – via Northern Illinois University.
161. Saint, A., Guillery, P. (2012). Survey of London, Volume 48: Woolwich. Yale Books, London. ISBN 978-0-300-18722-9. p. 270.
162. "The Bibliographical Society". The Morning Post. London. 1892-07-16. p. 2.
163. "The Shaftesbury Memorial, Piccadilly-Circus". The Times (33991). London. 30 June 1893. p. 11.
164. Sheppard, F. H. W., ed. (1975). "Science Museum". Survey of London, vol. '38, South Kensington Museums Area. London County Council. pp. 248–256. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
165. "Propaganda by Deed". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
166. Button, Henry G. (1976). The Guinness Book of the Business World. Enfield: Guinness Superlatives. p. 107. ISBN 0-900424-32-X.
167. "Motoring Firsts". Beaulieu: The National Motor Museum Trust. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
168. Sadler, Nigel (1999). The Story of the Bremer Car. Walthamstow: Vestry House Museum. ISBN 0-901974-43-9.
169. Holland, Merlin (2003). Irish Peacock & Scarlet Marquess: The Real Trial of Oscar Wilde. London: Fourth Estate. p. 300. ISBN 0-00-715418-6.
170. "Oscar Fingal O'Fflahartie Wills Wilde, Alfred Waterhouse Somerset Taylor, Sexual Offences ... 20th May 1895". The Proceedings of the Old Bailey. April 2013. Retrieved 2014-11-24.
171. "New Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith". Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News. 1895-07-27. p. 786.
172. Skennerton, Ian (2007). The Lee-Enfield. Gold Coast QLD: Arms & Militaria Press. ISBN 978-0-949749-82-6.
173. Robertson, Patrick (2001). Film Facts. Quantum Books. ISBN 978-1-84573-235-6.
174. "Birt Acres". EarlyCinema.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
175. Mast, Gerald; Kawin, Bruce F. (2007). "Birth". In Costanzo, William (ed.). A Short History of the Movies (abridged 9th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
176. Hodgkins, David (2002). The Second Railway King: the life and times of Sir Edward Watkin 1819–1901. Cardiff: Merton Priory Press. ISBN 978-1-898937-49-4.
177. "Town Hall". London Borough of Croydon. Retrieved 2016-06-11.
178. "The Trocadero Restaurant". St James's Gazette. London. 1896-10-02.
179. Taylor, Rosemary (2001). Exploring the East End. Walks Through History. London: Breedon Books. ISBN 1859832709.
180. "The First Moving Staircase in England". The Drapers' Record: 465. 19 November 1898.
181. Lancaster, Bill (1995). The Department Store: a Social History. Leicester University Press. p. 50.
182. "Motoring Firsts". National Motor Museum Trust. Archived from the original on 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
183. Britannica 1910, p. 951: London: Government sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFBritannica1910 (help)
184. Donald 1907.

Bibliography

See also lists of works about London by period: Tudor London, Stuart London, 18th century, 19th century, 1900–1939, 1960s

published in the 19th century

• Elmes, James (1831). Topographical Dictionary of London and Its Environs. London: Whittaker, Treacher and Arnot.
• Thomas Allen; Thomas Wright (1839). "Account of the Companies of the City of London, Alphabetically Arranged". History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, Southwark, and Parts Adjacent. 2. London. pp. 376–429.
• "London". Penny Cyclopaedia. 14. London: Charles Knight. 1839. pp. 109–129.
• Charles Knight, ed. (1844), "Metropolitan Boroughs", London, 6, London: C. Knight & Co.
• Peter Cunningham (1850), "Chronology of London Occurrences", Handbook of London (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, OCLC 4773921
• J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "London". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
• Timbs, John (1866), Club Life of London, London: J. Bentley, OL 7098926M
• George Henry Townsend (1867), "London", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., pp. 587–590
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "London", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
• Charles Dickens (1882), "Historical Events", Dickens's Dictionary of London, London: Macmillan & Co.
• John and Robert Maxwell. "Memorable Dates". Concise Guide to London. London. circa 1882
• R. Price-Williams (1885), "Population of London, 1801–81", Journal of the Statistical Society, 48, pp. 349–432
• Mrs. Basil Holmes (1896). "Burial-Grounds within the Metropolitan Area". London Burial Grounds. Macmillan.

published in the 20th century

• Henry Barton Baker (1904), "Chronological List of the London Theatres", History of the London Stage and its Famous Players (1576–1903), London: Routledge
• Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "London". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd. pp. 5–47.
• Francis Miltoun (1908). "Brief Chronology". Dickens' London. Boston: L.C. Page & Company.
• "London: Government", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• "London: Population, Public Health, &c.", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• "Westminster", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "London", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., pp. 839–848
• Walter H. Godfrey (1911), "List of Buildings on ... Map 1: The City of London and Southwark", History of Architecture in London, London: B.T. Batsford
• Cook's Handbook to London. London: Thos. Cook & Son. 1921.
• George F.E. Rudé (1971). Hanoverian London, 1714–1808. History of London. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01778-8.
• Nicholson, Louise (1998). "London Chronology". London. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-0-7112-1187-2.

published in the 21st century

• John Richardson (2000). The Annals of London: A Year-by-year Record of a Thousand Years of History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22795-8.
• Leonard Schwarz (2000). "London, 1700–1840". In Peter Clark (ed.). Cambridge Urban History of Britain. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 641+. ISBN 978-0-521-43141-5.
• Ackroyd, Peter (2001), "Chronology", London: the Biography, Nan A. Talese, ISBN 9780385497701
• Erika Diane Rappaport (2001). Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London's West End. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04476-7.
• A.N. Wilson (2004). "Chronology of London History". London: A History. Modern Library. p. 193+. ISBN 978-0-307-42665-9.
• Ben Weinreb; et al. (2008). The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2.
• Michelin; Lifestyle, Michelin Travel (2012). "20C to Today (timeline)". London. Michelin Green Guide. ISBN 978-2-06-718238-7.
• Jonathan Conlin (2013). Tales of Two Cities: Paris, London and the Birth of the Modern City. Counterpoint LLC. ISBN 978-1-61902-225-6.
• Marc Matera (2015). Black London: The Imperial Metropolis and Decolonization in the Twentieth Century. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95990-3.

External links

• British History Online. London
• "London and its Hinterlands: Life in London, 1674–1913". Old Bailey Proceedings Online. University of Sheffield.
• "Timeline". Exploring 20th Century London. Renaissance London.
• "London", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester.
• Europeana. Items related to London, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to London, various dates
• "Dates and Events – Chronology". Dictionary of Victorian London. Stoke Newington: Lee Jackson.