Hampstead

Hampstead (/ˈhæmpstɪd, -stɛd/) is an area in north London, England. Lying 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Charing Cross, it extends from the A5 road (Roman Watling Street) to Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. The area forms the north-west part of the London Borough of Camden.

For other places with the same name, see Hampstead (disambiguation).

Hampstead

Downshire Hill in May 2009
Hampstead
Location within Greater London
OS grid referenceTQ265855
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtNW3
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly

Hampstead is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations. It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.[1]

History

Toponymy

The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words ham and stede, which means, and is a cognate of, the Modern English "homestead".

To 1900
Kenwood House, Hampstead
Roadworks on Heath Street in Hampstead around 1865, in Ford Madox Brown's painting Work
A current day view of the location used for the Madox Brown painting on The Mount, just off Heath St

Early records of Hampstead can be found in a grant by King Ethelred the Unready to the monastery of St. Peter's at Westminster (AD 986), and it is referred to in the Domesday Book (1086)[2] as being in the Middlesex hundred of Ossulstone.

The growth of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century. Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially most successful and fashionable, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other fashionable London spas. The spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind.

Hampstead started to expand following the opening of the North London Railway in the 1860s (now the London Overground with passenger services operated by Transport for London), and expanded further after the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway opened in 1907 (now part of London Underground's Northern line) and provided fast travel to central London.

Much luxurious housing was created during the 1870s and 1880s, in the area that is now the political ward of Frognal & Fitzjohns. Much of this housing remains to this day.

20th century

In the 20th century, a number of notable buildings were created including:

Keats House, Hampstead, where Keats wrote his Ode to a Nightingale

Cultural attractions in the area include the Freud Museum, Keats House, Kenwood House, Fenton House, the Isokon building, Burgh House (which also houses Hampstead Museum), and the Camden Arts Centre. The large Victorian Hampstead Town Hall was recently converted and extended as an arts centre.[3]

On 14 August 1975 Hampstead entered the UK Weather Records with the Highest 155-min total rainfall at 169 mm. As of November 2008 this record remains.

The average price of a property in Hampstead was £1.5 million in 2018.[4]

Politics
Hampstead High Street sign
A map showing the wards of Hampstead Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916.

Hampstead became part of the County of London in 1889 and in 1899 the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead was formed. The borough town hall on Haverstock Hill, which was also the location of the Register Office, can be seen in newsreel footage of many celebrity civil marriages. In 1965 the metropolitan borough was abolished and its area merged with that of the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn and the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras to form the modern-day London Borough of Camden. Hampstead is part of the Hampstead and Kilburn constituency, formed at the 2010 general election. It was formerly part of the Hampstead and Highgate constituency.

Since May 2018 the area has been represented on Camden Council by Conservative Party councillors Oliver Cooper, Maria Higson and Stephen Stark.

Hampstead Liberalism

The area has a significant tradition of educated liberal humanism, often referred to (often disparagingly) as "Hampstead Liberalism". In the 1960s, the figure of the Hampstead Liberal was notoriously satirised by Peter Simple of the Daily Telegraph in the character of Lady Dutt-Pauker, an immensely wealthy aristocratic socialist whose Hampstead mansion, Marxmount House, contained an original pair of Bukharin's false teeth on display alongside precious Ming vases, neo-constructivist art, and the complete writings of Stalin.[5] Michael Idov of The New Yorker stated that the community "was the citadel of the moneyed liberal intelligentsia, posh but not stuffy."[6] As applied to an individual, the term "Hampstead Liberal" is not synonymous with "champagne socialist" but carries some of the same connotations. The term is also rather misleading.

As of 2018, the component wards of Hampstead (Swiss Cottage, Frognal and Fitzjohns, Hampstead Town and Belsize) have mixed representation. Hampstead Town and Frognal and Fitzjohns wards elect 3 Conservative councillors, Swiss Cottage elects 3 Labour councillors, while Belsize is represented by 2 Liberal Democrat and 1 Conservative councillor. Swiss Cottage is a competitive Conservative and Labour marginal, and Frognal and Fitzjohns is a safe Conservative ward. Hampstead Town (including the area of Hampstead Village and South End Green) has seen a number of tightly-fought Conservative and Liberal Democrat contests, and the ward has had mixed representation in recent decades. In the most recent election, the highest scoring candidates for each of the three parties in Belsize were within 200 votes of each other.

EU Referendum 2016

During the EU Referendum of 2016, 75% of voters across the London Borough of Camden voted to remain in the EU.[7] Following the result many commentators used Hampstead, a prosperous area of north London, as an archetype of the type of area that preferred to remain in the EU. This point was often made in alliterative contrast to poor post-industrial northern towns such as Hartlepool and Hull, that preferred to leave.[8][9]

Places of interest
Hampstead Heath west ponds
St Mary's Church, Hampstead
The Viaduct on Hampstead Heath
Isokon Building, Hampstead
St John's Church, Downshire Hill

Sites

To the north and east of Hampstead, and separating it from Highgate, is London's largest ancient parkland, Hampstead Heath, which includes the well-known and legally-protected view of the London skyline from Parliament Hill. The Heath, a major place for Londoners to walk and "take the air", has three open-air public swimming ponds; one for men, one for women, and one for mixed bathing, which were originally reservoirs for drinking water and the sources of the River Fleet. The bridge pictured is known locally as 'The Red Arches' or 'The Viaduct', built in fruitless anticipation of residential building on the Heath in the 19th century.

Local activities include major open-air concerts on summer Saturday evenings on the slopes below Kenwood House, book and poetry readings, fun fairs on the lower reaches of the Heath, period harpsichord recitals at Fenton House, Hampstead Scientific Society and Hampstead Photographic Society.

The largest employer in Hampstead is the Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, but many small businesses based in the area have international significance. George Martin's AIR recording studios, in converted church premises in Lyndhurst Road, is a current example, as Jim Henson's Creature Shop was before it relocated to California.

The area has some remarkable architecture, such as the Isokon building in Lawn Road, a Grade I listed experiment in collective housing, once home to Agatha Christie, Henry Moore, Ben Nicholson and Walter Gropius. It was recently restored by Notting Hill Housing Trust.

Churches and synagogues

St Stephen's Rosslyn Hill C of E was built in 1869 by Samuel Sanders Teulon on the Pond Street side of Hampstead Green. Deconsecrated in 1978 and stripped of much of its assets it was boarded up and subsequently invaded by squatters. In 1998 it was leased to the St Stephen's Restoration and Preservation Trust which, after 11 years of fundraising and grants returned it to the community as a center for education, weddings, public meetings and social celebrations together with occasional classical music concerts. Winning an English Heritage award for the restoration of buildings at risk the website www.ststephenstrust.co.uk has further information

Museums
  • Fenton House – Hampstead Grove, Hampstead, London, NW3 6SP[20]
  • Freud Museum – 20 Maresfield Gardens, Hampstead, London, NW3 5SX[21]
  • Burgh House & Hampstead Museum – New End Square, Hampstead, London, NW3 1LT[22]
  • Keats House Museum – Keats Grove, Hampstead, London, NW3 2RR[23]
  • Kenwood House – Hampstead Lane, Hampstead, London, NW3 7JR[24]

Theatres and cinemas

Art Galleries

Hampstead was once home to many art galleries but not many are now left. The Catto Gallery has been in Hampstead since 1986 and has represented artists like Ian Berry, Philip Jackson, Chuck Elliott, Walasse Ting and Sergei Chepik over the years.

[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]

  • Catto Gallery - 100 Heath Street, Hampstead, London NW3 1DP
  • Gilden's Art Gallery, 74, Heath Street, London NW3 1DN
  • Zebra One Gallery – 1 Perrin's Court, Hampstead, London, NW3 1QX

Public houses

Hampstead is well known for its traditional pubs, such as The Holly Bush, gas-lit until recently;[37][38] the Spaniard's Inn, Spaniard's Road, where highwayman Dick Turpin took refuge; The Old Bull and Bush in North End; and The Old White Bear (formerly Ye Olde White Bear).[39] Jack Straw's Castle, on the edge of the Heath near Whitestone Pond, has now been converted into residential flats. Others include:

  • The Flask – 14 Flask Walk, Hampstead, London, NW3 1HE[40]
  • Freemasons Arms – 32 Downshire Hill, Hampstead, London, NW3 1NT[41]
  • The Duke of Hamilton – 23–25 New End, Hampstead, London, NW3 1JD[42]
  • The Horseshoe (formerly The Three Horseshoes) – 28 Heath Street, Hampstead, London, NW3 6TE[43]
  • King William IV (aka KW4) – 77 Hampstead High Street, Hampstead, London, NW3 1RE[44]
  • The Magdala – 2a South Hill Park, Hampstead, London, NW3 2SB[45][46]
  • The Garden Gate – 14 South End Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QE[47]
  • The Wells Tavern - 30 Well Walk, Hampstead, London NW3 1BX[48]

Restaurants

Hampstead has an eclectic mix of restaurants ranging from French to Thai. After over a decade of controversy and legal action from local residents, McDonald's was finally allowed to open in Hampstead in 1992, after winning its right in court, and agreeing to a previously unprecedented re-design of the shop front, reducing the conspicuousness of its facade and logo,[49] It closed in November 2013.[50]

Shopping

Hampstead High Street is filled with great boutiques, you can shop for woman's clothing, art supplies, health food items, and home wears. Specialty shops like Venchi, the Italian ice cream and chocolatier and the popular teen brand Brandy Melville have local outlets. Parisian ladies fashion, Zadig and Voltaire, Maje, and Ba&sh, also have local boutiques.

Schools
Main article: List of schools in Hampstead

Film locations
East Heath

Hampstead's rural feel lends itself for use on film, a notable example being The Killing of Sister George (1968) starring Beryl Reid and Susannah York. The opening sequence has Reid's character June wandering through the streets and alleyways of Hampstead, west of Heath Street, around The Mount Square. The Marquis of Granby pub, in which June drinks at the opening of the film, was actually The Holly Bush,[37] at 22 Holly Mount. Another example is The Collector (1965), starring Terence Stamp and Samantha Eggar, where the kidnap sequence is set in Mount Vernon.

Some scenes from An American Werewolf in London (1981) are shot on Hampstead Heath, Well Walk and Haverstock Hill.

More recently Kenwood House is the set of the "film-within-the-film" scene of Notting Hill (1999). Outdoor scenes in The Wedding Date (2005), starring Debra Messing, feature Parliament Hill Fields on the Heath, overlooking west London. Parliament Hill also features in Notes on a Scandal (2006) together with the nearby areas of Gospel Oak and Camden Town. Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) features the old Hampstead Town Hall on Haverstock Hill. The film Scenes of a Sexual Nature (2006) was filmed entirely on Hampstead Heath, covering various picturesque locations such as the 'Floating Gardens' and Kenwood House.

A musical specifically focusing on the area, Les Bicyclettes de Belsize (1968), tells the story of a young man's cycle journey around Hampstead. After crashing into a billboard poster, he falls in love with the fashion model depicted on it. In February 2016, principal photography for Robert Zemeckis' war film Allied starring Brad Pitt and Marion Cotillard, began with the family home located on the corners of Christchurch Hill and Willow Road in Hampstead.

Demography

The 2011 census showed that the population of Hampstead Town ward was 80% white (54% British, 24% Other, 2% Irish). The largest non-white group, Other Asian, claimed 4%. 35% was Christian, 27% irreligious and 10% Jewish.[51] The whole town had a population of 48,858 in 2011 and includes the wards of Frognal, Hampstead Town, Belsize and Swiss Cottage.[52]

Transport
Hampstead underground station

Rail and Tube

Three London Underground lines pass through Hampstead: the Jubilee, Metropolitan, and Northern (Edgware branch) lines.

The London Overground (North London line) also runs through Hampstead Heath and Finchley Road & Frognal.

Stations in Hampstead include:

All stations are in London fare zone 2, except Hampstead, which is in both zones 2 and 3.[53] Hampstead station serves the north western part of the wider district, near Hampstead's traditional centre. All the other three stations in the area are located to the south.

In the 1860s, the Metropolitan and St John's Wood Railway was authorised to build a branch line from Swiss Cottage to Hampstead with its terminus to be located at the junction of Flask Walk, Well Walk and Willow Road. Financial difficulties meant that the project was cancelled in 1870.[54]

Bus

There is a major bus terminus near Hampstead Heath station (near the Royal Free Hospital), served by London Buses routes 24 and 168. Routes 46, 268, C11, and N5 also serve the Royal Free Hospital.[55]

Hampstead tube station and High Street are served by routes 46, 268, 603, and N5. Route 210 runs along the northernmost rim of Hampstead, stopping at Jack Straw's Castle.[55]

Finchley Road is served by routes 13, 113, 187, 268, C11, and N113.[56]

Cycling

Cycling infrastructure in Hampstead is poor. In early 2016, Transport for London (TfL) consulted with the public on a new "Cycle Superhighway" (CS11) between Swiss Cottage and the West End, which provide an unbroken, predominantly traffic-free cycle route from Hampstead to Central London. The scheme was cancelled following court action from the City of Westminster in 2018.[57]

There are bus lanes along the A41/Finchley Road that cyclists are allowed to use.

A shared-use path runs from Parliament Hill to Jack Straw's Castle/Highgate through the centre of Hampstead Heath.[58]

Road

The A41/Finchley Road passes north–south through Hampstead. The road links the area directly to Marylebone and Oxford Street to the south. The route runs northbound to Golders Green, Brent Cross, the M1 motorway, and Watford.

The A502/Hampstead High Street runs from Camden Town in the south, through Hampstead, to Golders Green and Hendon in the north-west.

Nearest places

The Royal Free Hospital and A&E is in Hampstead.

Notable residents
Main article: List of people from Hampstead
Sigmund Freud's final residence, now dedicated to his life and work as the Freud Museum, 20 Maresfield Gardens, Hampstead.

Hampstead has long been known as a residence of the intelligentsia, including writers, composers, ballerinas and intellectuals, actors, artists and architects – many of whom created a bohemian community in the late 19th century. After 1917, and again in the 1930s, it became base to a community of avant garde artists and writers and was host to a number of émigrés and exiles from the Russian Revolution and Nazi Europe.

Blue plaques

There are at least 60 English Heritage blue plaques in Hampstead commemorating the many diverse personalities that have lived there.[59]

Cultural references
  • Hampstead is referred to in the song "Young Conservatives" by The Kinks and in "Cross-Eyed Mary", "Mother Goose" and "A Small Cigar" by Jethro Tull.
  • In Charles Dickens' comic novel The Pickwick Papers, Pickwick writes a scientific paper, "Speculations on the Source of Hampstead Ponds", referring to the ponds on Hampstead Heath.
  • Hampstead is mentioned in the title of the book Black Swine in the Sewers of Hampstead by Thomas Boyle. The book, published in 1990, examines the development in mid-Victorian Britain of sensationalism in the popular press and of sensation novels in literature, and the nature and causes of both.
  • Hampstead was the subject of a satirical computer adventure game, released in 1984.[60]
  • One of DCU's campus residences is named Hampstead Apartments, after the area. It consists of 61 units, each with three or five en-suite bedrooms and a shared living, kitchen and dining area.

Local newspapers

The local newspapers, as of 2014, were the Hampstead and Highgate Express[61]—known locally as the "Ham and High"—and the free Camden New Journal. The area is also home to the left-wing Labour magazine Tribune and the satirical magazine Hampstead Village Voice.

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gollark: Maybe I should reduce safety by parallelizing osmarkspythonbuildsystem™.
gollark: C is so* expressive**.
gollark: How much code in total?
gollark: I see.

See also

References and notes
  1. Wade, David, "Whatever happened to Hampstead Man?". The Daily Telegraph, 8 May 2004 (Retrieved 3 March 2016)
  2. Anna Powell-Smith. "Hampstead | Domesday Book". Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  3. "London's Town Halls". Historic England. p. 32. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  4. "House prices in Hampstead, London". Zoopla. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  5. The Stretchford Chronicles, Michael Wharton, (London, 1980), pages 216, 236, 284
  6. Idov, Michael. "The Demon Blogger of Fleet Street." New York Magazine. 26 September 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  7. "Camden's EU Referendum result declared".
  8. "'Brexit day' in Middlesbrough: 'People are sick of the government'". 29 March 2019.
  9. Flint, Caroline (5 February 2019). "Parliament voted to get a Brexit deal done now. So let's make it happen | Caroline Flint". The Guardian.
  10. A Church Near You (16 January 2015). "Christ Church Hampstead, Hampstead - London | Diocese of London". Achurchnearyou.com. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  11. "Heath Street Baptist Church". Heathstreet.org. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  12. "Andrew's Frog".
  13. "St John-at-Hampstead". aChurchNearYou.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  14. "St John's Downshire Hill". SJDH.org (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  15. "St Luke's, Hampstead". stlukeshampstead.org (Retrieved 15 August 2010)
  16. St Luke's was built with financial help from Anne Dudin Brown.
  17. "St Mary's Chapel" Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. RCDOW.org.uk (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  18. St Mary's Chapel was founded by Roman Catholic refugees from the French Revolution.
  19. "The Village Shul". The Village Shul. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  20. "Fenton House" Archived 5 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine. NationalTrust.org.uk (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  21. "Freud Museum". HeritageBritain.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  22. "Burgh House & Hampstead Local History Museum". AboutBritain.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  23. "Keats House Museum" Archived 2 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine. AboutBritain.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  24. "Kenwood House". English-Heritage.org.uk (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  25. "Everyman Cinema Club" Archived 4 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. LondonNet.co.uk (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  26. "Hampstead Theatre". VisitLondon.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  27. "Pentameters Theatre". LondonNet.co.uk (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  28. McCarthy, Fiona (3 November 2013). "Material boy". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  29. "Artist portrays London in denim". BBC News. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  30. "Catto Gallery". hampsteadvillagelondon.com. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  31. Pettitt, Josh. "Artist recreates Hampstead and Primrose Hill using old pairs of jeans". Hampstead Highgate Express. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  32. "This London Laundrette Is Made Entirely Out Of Denim". Londonist. 25 November 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  33. Castle, Gavin (1 November 2016). "Work by Ian Berry at the Catto Gallery in London". huddersfieldexaminer. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  34. "Catto Gallery - Artists". cattogallery.co.uk. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  35. "Painting by Russian artist Sergei Chepik worth £25,000 stolen from". Evening Standard. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  36. "Royal sculptor hosts new exhibit". Times Series. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  37. "The Killing of Sister George film locations". Movie-Locations.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  38. "The Holly Bush". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  39. "Ye Olde White Bear". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  40. "The Flask". FancyaPint.com. (Retrieved 13 April 2010)
  41. "Freemasons Arms". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  42. "The Duke of Hamilton". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  43. "The Horseshoe". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  44. "King William IV". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  45. "The Magdala". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  46. Ruth Ellis, the last woman hanged in England, killed her lover David Blakely outside The Magdala in 1955. (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  47. "The Garden Gate". FancyaPint.com (Retrieved 18 June 2009)
  48. "The Wells – Bar and Restaurant". thewellshampstead.co.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  49. LETTER FROM LONDON; Hampstead Braces for a Big Mac Attack, The Washington Post | 4 November 1992 | Eugene Robinson
  50. Wright, Paul (1 November 2013). 'McDonald’s in Hampstead High Street to close after 21 years'. Ham & High.
  51. Services, Good Stuff IT. "Hampstead Town - UK Census Data 2011".
  52. Services, Good Stuff IT. "Camden - UK Census Data 2011".
  53. "Walking times between stations on the same line" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  54. Jackson, Alan (1986). London's Metropolitan Railway. David & Charles. pp. 41 & 331. ISBN 0-7153-8839-8.
  55. "Buses from Hampstead Heath (Royal Free Hospital)" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  56. "Buses from Finchley Road" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  57. "Cycle Superhighway 11". Transport for London (TfL). Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  58. "Hampstead Heath" (PDF). City of London Corporation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  59. "Search Blue Plaques". Blue plaques search – Hampstead. English Heritage. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  60. "Hampstead". World of Spectrum. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  61. "Home - Hampstead Highgate Express". Hamhigh.co.uk. Retrieved 29 October 2015.

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