Bajaw language

Bajaw is the language of the Bajaw, widely known as the 'sea gypsies' of Maritime Southeast Asia. Differences exist between the language's varieties in western Sabah, Mapun (previously Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi/Sulu) in southern Philippines, eastern Sabah, and across Sulawesi to Maluku. However, it is not clear how many languages these would be based on mutual intelligibility.

Bajaw
Bajo
Native to	Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Region	coastal areas of the Sulu Sea, Sabah, Sulawesi, and the Maluku Islands
Ethnicity	Bajau
Native speakers	260,000 (2000–2011)[1] (may be ethnic population)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Sama–Bajaw Bajaw
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: bdl – Sulawesi bdr – Sabah West Coast sjm – Mapun
Glottolog	born1254[2]

Distribution

West Coast Bajau is distributed in the following locations of Sabah, Malaysia (Ethnologue).

• scattered along the west coast from Papar district to Kudat district, mainly in Tuaran and Kota Belud towns
• Telutu’ village, Banggi Island, Kudat district
• Pitas district: along the west coast and Mengkubau Laut, Mengkapon, Dalima’, Mapan-Mapan, Pantai Laut, Layag-Layag, Mausar, Jambangan, Sibayan Laut, and Kanibungan villages

Indonesian Bajau is widely distributed throughout Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara. It is also located throughout Maluku Utara Province in the Bacan Islands, Obi Islands, Kayoa, and Sula Islands, which are located to the southwest of Halmahera Island (Ethnologue).

Mapun is spoken on Cagayan de Sulu (Mapun) island, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines.

Population

Ethnologue lists the following population statistics for Bajaw.

• West Coast Bajau: 55,000 in Sabah, Malaysia (2000 SIL)
• Indonesian Bajau: 150,000 in Indonesia (Mead et al. 2007)
  • 5,000 or more in North Maluku (Grimes 1982)
  • 8,000 to 10,000 in South Sulawesi (Grimes and Grimes 1987)
  • 7,000 in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo
  • 36,000 in Central Sulawesi
  • 40,000 in Southeast Sulawesi (Mead et al. 2007)
  • several thousand in Nusa Tenggara (Wurm and Hattori 1981, Verheijen 1986)
• Mapun: 43,000 in the Philippines; 15,000 Mapun people in Sabah, Malaysia (2011 SIL)
  • 20,000 in Mapun island
  • 5,000 to 10,000 Mapun people in Palawan

Dialects

Ethnologue lists the following Bajaw dialects. Locations and demographics are from Palleson (1985).

• West Coast Bajau
  • Kota Belud: Kota Belud, 60 km north of Kota Kinabalu
  • Putatan
  • Papar: Papar, 50 km south of Kota Kinabalu
  • Banggi: Banggi Island, north of Kudat in the north of Sabah
  • Sandakan
  • Pitas
  • Kawang: Kawang, 40 km south of Kota Kinabalu
• Indonesian Bajau
  • Jampea
  • Same’
  • Matalaang
  • Sulamu: Sulamu, Kupang Bay, southern Timor. 400 speakers.
  • Kajoa: Kajoa Island, 80 km south of Ternate off the west coast of Halmahera
  • Roti: Roti Island, southwest of Timor. Fewer than 200 speakers.
  • Jaya Bakti: Jaya Bakti, Banggai Regency, central Sulawesi. 3,000 speakers.
  • Poso: Polande, Poso Regency, on the southeast coast of the Gulf of Poso, central Sulawesi
  • Togian 1: Pulaw Enaw, just off the south coast of Togian Island, Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi
  • Togian 2: Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi
  • Wallace: exact location unknown, probably central Moluccas. 117 words collected by Alfred Russel Wallace around 1860.

Together, West Coast Bajau, Indonesian Bajau, and Mapun comprise a Borneo Coast Bajaw branch in Ethnologue.

References

1. Sulawesi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Sabah West Coast at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Mapun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Borneo Coast Bajaw". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

• Mead, David; Lee, Myung-young (2007), Mapping Indonesian Bajau Communities in Sulawesi, SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2007-019, SIL InternationalCS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Miller, Mark Turner (2007). A Grammar of West Coast Bajau (Ph.D. thesis). University of Texas at Arlington. hdl:10106/577.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Pallesen, A. Kemp. 1985. Culture contact and language convergence. Philippine journal of linguistics: special monograph issue, 24. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
• Youngman, Scott (2005), Summary of Bajau Lexicostatistics Project (through October 1989), SIL InternationalCS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (word lists of 16 Indonesian Bajau varieties spoken in Sulawesi)