Buol language

Buol
	Apadu Vuolo
Pronunciation	['apadu 'βuɔʎɔ]
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Buol Regency
Native speakers	96,000 (2000 census)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Gorontalo–Mongondow Gorontalic Buol; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	blf
Glottolog	buol1237[2]

Buol (Bual, Bwo’ol, Bwool, Dia) is an Austronesian language spoken in North-eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Phonology

Vowels are /a e i o u/.[3] Stress falls on penultimate syllable, with sequence of like vowels counting as one syllable. Consonants are:

		Labial	Apical	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Plosive/Affricate	voiceless	p	t̪		k	(ʔ)
Plosive/Affricate	voiced	b	d	(dʒ)	ɡ
Fricative	voiceless		(s)			(h)
Fricative	voiced	β
Approximant			l	j	w
Trill			r

/dʒ/ occurs in loans. /h/, /s/, /ʔ/ are found in loans and a small number of native words, such as /buahaŋa/ 'k.o. cricket', /sio/ 'nine', /naʔal/ 'bark slippers'.

/β/ only occurs before /u/, but there are near-minimal pairs such as /βuŋo/ 'fruit', /buŋol/ 'leaf'.

/l/ is pronounced [l] after a front vowel, as in [dila] 'tongue'; [ɽ] if not preceded, but followed by a front vowel, as in [aɽe] 'chin'; and [ʎ] elsewhere. However, there is an exception with the sequences /lala, lola, lolo/, where the first /l/ is pronounced [l], as in /lolo/ [loʎo] 'face'.

gollark: You can't escape it that way.

gollark: It does work, actually.

gollark: Do not spread such lies.

gollark: No I'm not.

gollark: I bet this is just a convoluted way to pick out `load` and stuff.

References

Buol at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Buol". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Zobel, Erik (2005). "Buol". In Adelaar, K. Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus (eds.). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. London: Routledge. pp. 625–648. ISBN 0-7007-1286-0.

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[e18-1] Buol at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Buol". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[3] Zobel, Erik (2005). "Buol". In Adelaar, K. Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus (eds.). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. London: Routledge. pp. 625–648. ISBN 0-7007-1286-0.