Mpur language

Mpur (also known as Amberbaken, Kebar, Ekware, and Dekwambre), is a language isolate spoken in and around Mpur and Amberbaken Districts in Tambrauw Regency of the Bird's Head Peninsula, New Guinea. It is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) tentatively assigned it to the West Papuan languages, based on similarities in pronouns, Palmer (2018), Ethnologue, and Glottolog list it as a language isolate.[3][2]

For the language of Ghana, see Mpur language (Ghana). For the Yansi dialect of Congo, see Mpur dialect.
Mpur
Amberbaken
Native toIndonesia
RegionMpur and Amberbaken Districts, Tambrauw Regency on the north coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula
Native speakers
5,000 (2002)[1]
Dialects
  • Sirir
  • Ajiw
Language codes
ISO 639-3akc
Glottologmpur1239[2]
Mpur
Mpur
Coordinates: 0.75°S 133.17°E / -0.75; 133.17

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants in Mpur are:

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d
Affricate t͡ʃ
Fricative ɸ s
Nasal m n
Approximant j w

Vowels

Mpur has five vowels: /a, e, i, o, u/.[1]

Tones

Mpur has a complex tonal system with 4 lexical tones and an additional contour tone, a compound of two of the lexical tones. Its tonal system is somewhat similar to the nearby Austronesian languages of Mor and Ma'ya.[4][5] The neighboring language isolate Abun is also tonal.[6]

Mpur has four lexical tones. There is also a fifth complex contour tone formed as a phonetic compound of two lexical tones. An example minimal set is given below.[6]

  • bé ‘but’ (high tone)
  • be ‘in’ (mid tone)
  • bè ‘fruit’ (low tone)
gollark: Bee this to a SIGNIFICANT degree.
gollark: https://discord.com/oauth2/authorize?client_id=418322559981846528&scope=bot
gollark: OH BEE it automatically left‽
gollark: Excellent, warship is to occur, none are safe, βee.
gollark: <@231856503756161025> warship restoration?

References
  1. "WALS Online -". wals.info. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Mpur". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Amberbaken at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
  4. Muysken, Pieter (2008). From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 134. ISBN 9789027231000.
  5. Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  6. Holton, Gary; Klamer, Marian (2018). "The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird's Head". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 569–640. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

Further reading
  • Odé, Cecilia (2002). "A Sketch of Mpur". In Ger P. Reesink (ed.). Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head. Pacific Linguistics. 524. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 45–107. hdl:1885/146144.
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
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