Pamona language

Pamona (also Poso or Bare’e) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is part of the northern group of the Kaili–Pamona languages.

Pamona
Bare’e
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Sulawesi
Native speakers	140,000 (2000)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Kaili–Pamona Northern Pamona
Language codes
ISO 639-3	pmf
Glottolog	pamo1252[2]

Dialects

Ethnologue lists as dialects: Laiwonu (Iba), Pamona (Poso), Rapangkaka (Aria), Taa (Topotaa, Wana), Tobau (Bare’e, Tobalo, Tobao), Tokondindi, Tomoni, Topada.[3]

Phonology

Pamona has the following sound inventory:[4]

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d	ɟ	g
Prenasalized plosive	voiceless	ᵐp	ⁿt	ᶮc	ᵑk
	voiced	ᵐb	ⁿd	ᶮɟ	ᵑg
Fricative			s			h
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Trill			r
Approximant		ʋ	l	j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close-Mid	e		o
Open		a

Notes

1. Pamona at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pamona". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Pamona at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
4. Adriani (1931), p. 17.

Bibliography

• Adriani, Nicolaus (1931). Spraakkunst der Bare'e-Taal. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, LXX. Bandung: A. C. Nix.