Ende language (Indonesia)
Ende is an Austronesian language spoken in the central part of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the eastern half of Indonesia.[3] It belongs to the Central Flores subgroup.[4]
| Ende | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | central Flores |
Native speakers | 110,000 (2009)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Lota script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | end |
| Glottolog | ende1246[2] |
  Ende | |
| Coordinates: 8.71°S 121.56°E | |
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| ejective | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| Affricate | d͡ʒ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | (h) | ||
| voiced | ɣ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | ɹ | ||||
Following general Indonesian spelling conventions, /d͡ʒ/, /ŋ/, /ɣ/, /ʔ/ are written j, ng, gh and '. The prenasalized stops are written as mb, nd, ngg, the ejectives as bh and dh. /ɹ/ is represented by rh.
Grammar
Like all Central Flores languages, Ende has a highly isolating structure.[5]
gollark: I don't know exactly. Depends on the mod. Probably a thousand or so?
gollark: It produces RF directly, which you can run to smelting machines from other mods.
gollark: But 250kRF/t net. RF is subject to power creep.
gollark: It's actually RF or FE now, not EU.
gollark: Also the backup fission reactor, which was actually guaranteed nonexplosive and exploded zero times to the fusion reactor's three.
See also
References
- Ende at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ende". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- McDonnell, Bradley (2009). "A Preliminary Description of Ende Phonology" (PDF). Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 2: 195–226.
- Elias, Alexander (2019). Lio and the Central Flores languages (M.A. thesis). Leiden University. hdl:1887/69452.
- Elias, Alexander (2020). "Are the Central Flores languages really typologically unusual?". Berkeley: University of California.
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