Wolio language

Wolio is an Austronesian language spoken in and around Baubau on Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Wotu–Wolio branch of the Celebic subgroup.[3][4] Also known as Buton, it is a trade language and the former court language of the Sultan at Baubau. Today it is an official regional language; street signs are written in the Buri Wolio alphabet, based on the Arabic script.

Wolio
RegionSulawesi
Native speakers
65,000 (2004)[1]
Buri Wolio (Arabic script)
Language codes
ISO 639-3wlo
Glottologwoli1241[2]

Phonology

The five vowels are /i e a o u/. The consonant system is characterized by the presence of prenasalized stops, which are treated as a single sound in Wolio.[5]

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless plain p t c k ʔ
prenasalized ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk
voiced plain b d ɟ g
prenasalized ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg
implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative voiceless f s h
voiced v
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Lateral l

/b, d, f/ are found in loans, mostly from Arabic.[6]

Stress is on the penultimate syllable, and only open syllables are allowed.[7]

Grammar

Wolio personal pronouns have one independent form, and three bound forms.[8]

Personal pronouns
independentactorobjectpossessive
1.sg.iakuku--aku-ngku
2.sg.ingkoou--ko-mu
3.inciaa--a/-ia-na
1.pl. incl.ingkitata--kita-ta
1.pl. excl.ingkamita--kami-mami
2.pl.ingkomiuu--komiu-miu

Number is not distinguished in third person. Optionally, plural number can be expressed by means of the plural-marker manga: manga incia "they".[9]

gollark: Heavpoot, do you want me to MARRY you to UNTRUE REMINDERS?
gollark: ++remind 2w2d22h58m heavpoot is about to send a ton of reminders. all of heavpoot's are untrue. ignore with better spelling.
gollark: ++remind 408h2m actually, no. gollark GOOD in actuality.
gollark: ++remind 2w2d23h heavpoot is utterly untrue.
gollark: ++remind 408h gollark good

See also

References
  1. Wolio at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Wolio". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Donohue (2004), p. 33.
  4. Mead (2003), p. 135.
  5. Anceaux (1988), pp. 4–5.
  6. Anceaux (1988), p. 6.
  7. Anceaux (1988), p. 9.
  8. Anceaux (1988), pp. 25;27;34;36;42.
  9. Anceaux (1988), p. 36.

Bibliography
  • Anceaux, Johannes Cornelis (1988). The Wolio Language. Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004286320.
  • Donohue, Mark (2004). "The pretenders to the Muna-Buton group". In Bowden, J.; Himmelmann, N. (eds.). Papers in Austronesian subgrouping and dialectology. Pacific Linguistics 563. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 21–36. doi:10.15144/PL-563.21. hdl:1885/146183.
  • Mead, David (2003). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup". In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 115–141. doi:10.15144/PL-550.115. hdl:1885/146173.

Further reading
  • Mead, David; Smith, Joanna. "The voice systems of Wotu, Barang-barang and Wolio: Synchronic and diachronic perspectives". In Malcolm D. Ross; I Wayan Arka (eds.). Language Change in Austronesian languages: papers from 12-ICAL, Volume 3. Asia-Pacific linguistics 018 / Studies on Austronesian languages 004. pp. 51–78. hdl:1885/13386.
  • van den Berg, René (2008). "Notes on the historical phonology and classification of Wolio". In Yury A. Lander; Alexander K. Ogloblin (eds.). Language and Text in the Austronesian World: Studies in honor of Ülo Sirk. München: Lincom. pp. 89–113.


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