Greater Central Philippine languages

The Greater Central Philippine languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian language family. They are spoken in the central and southern parts of the Philippines, and in northern Sulawesi.[2] This subgroup was first proposed by Robert Blust (1991) based on lexical and phonological evidence,[2] and is accepted by most specialists in the field.[3][4][5][6]

Greater Central Philippine
Geographic
distribution		Philippines
Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Subdivisions
Glottologgrea1284[1]

Most of the major languages of the Philippines belong to the Greater Central Philippine subgroup: Tagalog, the Visayan languages Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray; Central Bikol, Maranao and Magindanao.[7] On the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, Gorontalo is the third-largest language by number of speakers.[8]

History

According to Blust, the current distribution of the Greater Central Philippine languages is the result of an expansion that occurred around 500 B.C. and which led to levelling of much of the linguistic diversity in the central and southern Philippines.

Remnants of this earlier diversity can still be found in relic areas within the Greater Central Philippine area, viz. Manide in southern Luzon, Ati on Panay, the North Mangyan languages on Mindoro, the Kalamian languages in northern Palawan and the South Mindanao languages.[2]

Classification

The Greater Central Philippine subgroup comprises the following microgroups:[2]

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gollark: Maybe it is just a rebranded calculator of a mildly different model. Maybe it was a secret prototype stolen from the factory which ended up in your hands through an unlikely series of coincidences. Maybe the documentation was deleted by accident. Maybe it's fake.
gollark: Why specifically 2009?
gollark: How do you know it does?
gollark: Zstandard is a real-time compression algorithm, providing high compression ratios. It offers a very wide range of compression / speed trade-off, while being backed by a very fast decoder (see benchmarks below). It also offers a special mode for small data, called dictionary compression, and can create dictionaries from any sample set. Zstandard library is provided as open source software using a BSD license.

See also
  • Philippine languages

References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Greater Central Philippine". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Blust, Robert (1991). "The Greater Central Philippines hypothesis". Oceanic Linguistics. 30 (2): 73–129. doi:10.2307/3623084. JSTOR 3623084.
  3. Lobel, Jason William. (2013). Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
  4. Reid, Lawrence A. (2018). "Modeling the linguistic situation in the Philippines." In Let's Talk about Trees, ed. by Ritsuko Kikusawa and Lawrence A. Reid. Osaka: Senri Ethnological Studies, Minpaku. doi:10.15021/00009006
  5. Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.
  6. Himes, Robert S. (2002). "The Relationship of Umiray Dumaget to Other Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 41 (2): 275–294. doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0005. JSTOR 3623311.
  7. "Ethnologue report for Philippines". www.ethnologue.com.
  8. "Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Sulawesi)". www.ethnologue.com.
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