List of state leaders in 2003
This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2003.
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Africa
Algeria - President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
- Prime Minister –
- Ali Benflis, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003)
- Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2003–2006)
Angola - President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Prime Minister – Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime Minister of Angola (2002–2008)
Benin - President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
Botswana - President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
Burkina Faso - President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister – Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
Burundi - President –
- Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
- Domitien Ndayizeye, President of Burundi (2003–2005)
- President –
Cameroon - President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister – Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
Cape Verde - President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)
Central African Republic - President –
- Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
- François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Martin Ziguélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2001–2003)
- Abel Goumba, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2003)
- Célestin Gaombalet, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2003–2005)
- President –
Chad - President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Haroun Kabadi, Prime Minister of Chad (2002–2003)
- Moussa Faki, Prime Minister of Chad (2003–2005)
Comoros - President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (2002–2006)
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo) - President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) - President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
Djibouti - President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
Egypt - President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister – Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
Equatorial Guinea - President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister – Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004)
Eritrea - President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [lower-alpha 1]
Ethiopia - President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
Gabon - President – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister – Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
The Gambia - President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–2017)
Ghana - President – John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
Guinea - President – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister – Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
Guinea-Bissau - President –
- Kumba Ialá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003)
- Veríssimo Correia Seabra, Chairman of the Military Committee for the Restoration of Constitutional and Democratic Order of Guinea-Bissau (2003)
- Henrique Rosa, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Mário Pires, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2002–2003)
- Artur Sanhá, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2004)
- President –
Ivory Coast - President – Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2000–2003)
- Seydou Diarra, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2003–2005)
Kenya - President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)
Lesotho - Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
Liberia - Head of State –
- Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
- Moses Blah, President of Liberia (2003)
- Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia (2003–2006)
- Head of State –
Libya - De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Imbarek Shamekh, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2000–2003)
- Shukri Ghanem, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2003–2006)
Madagascar - President – Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar (2002–2009)
- Prime Minister – Jacques Sylla, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2002–2007)
Malawi - President – Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
Mali - President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani, Prime Minister of Mali (2002–2004)
Mauritania - President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
- Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2003–2005)
Mauritius - President –
- Karl Offmann, President of Mauritius (2002–2003)
- Raouf Bundhun, Acting President of Mauritius (2003)
- Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
- Paul Bérenger, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2003–2005)
- President –
Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France) - redesignated from a departmental collectivity of the French Republic on 28 March
- Prefect – Jean-Jacques Brot, Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
Morocco - Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Driss Jettou, Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007)
Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state) - President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
- Prime Minister –
- Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003)
- Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)
Mozambique - President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister – Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
Namibia - President – Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister – Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime Minister of Namibia (2002–2005)
Niger - President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
- Prime Minister – Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
Nigeria - President – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
Rwanda - President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
Saint Helena and Dependencies (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
São Tomé and Príncipe - President –
- Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2003)
- Fernando Pereira, Chairman of the Military Junta of National Salvation of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
- Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011)
- Prime Minister – Maria das Neves, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (2002–2004)
- President –
Senegal - President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister – Idrissa Seck, Prime Minister of Senegal (2002–2004)
Seychelles - President – France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
Sierra Leone - President – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
Somalia - President – Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia (2000–2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime Minister of Somalia (2001–2003)
- Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime Minister of Somalia (2003–2004)
Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
Puntland (self-declared autonomous state) - President – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (2002–2004)
South Africa - President – Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
Sudan - President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
Swaziland - Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
- Paul Shabangu, Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003)
- Themba Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003–2008)
Tanzania - President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
Togo - President – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister – Koffi Sama, Prime Minister of Togo (2002–2005)
Tunisia - President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
Uganda - President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
Zambia - President – Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (2002–2008)
Zimbabwe - President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)
Asia
Afghanistan - President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–2014)
Bahrain - Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present) [lower-alpha 2]
Bangladesh - President – Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009)
- Prime Minister – Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006)
Bhutan - Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Kinzang Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2002–2003)
- Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2003–2004)
Brunei - Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [lower-alpha 3]
- Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
Cambodia - Monarch – Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
- Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) [lower-alpha 4]
China (People's Republic of China) - Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (2002–2012)
- President –
- Jiang Zemin, President of China (1993–2003)
- Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)
- Premier –
- Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003)
- Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)
East Timor - President – Xanana Gusmão, President of East Timor (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Mari Alkatiri, Prime Minister of East Timor (2001–2006)
India - President – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President of India (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
Indonesia - President – Megawati Sukarnoputri, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
Iran - Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President – Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
Iraq (under an occupation led by the United States) - following the 9 April fall of the capital, the occupied Ba'athist Iraq was superseded ensuing invasion on 21 April
- President – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Administrator –
- Jay Garner, Civilian administrator of Iraq (2003)
- Paul Bremer, Civilian administrator of Iraq (2003–2004)
- Head of Government –
- Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
- Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
- Ibrahim al-Jaafari, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
- Ahmed Chalabi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
- Ayad Allawi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
- Jalal Talabani, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
- Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
Israel - President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister – Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority) - President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994–2004)
- Prime Minister –
Japan - Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
- Prime Minister – Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006)
Jordan - Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003)
- Faisal al-Fayez, Prime Minister of Jordan (2003–2005)
Kazakhstan - President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [lower-alpha 5]
- Prime Minister –
- Imangali Tasmagambetov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2002–2003)
- Daniyal Akhmetov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2003–2007)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) - Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea [lower-alpha 6] (1993–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019)
- Premier –
- Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet North Korea (1997–2003)
- Pak Pong-ju, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2003–2007)
South Korea (Republic of Korea) - President –
- Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003)
- Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (2003–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Kim Suk-soo, Prime Minister of South Korea (2002–2003)
- Goh Kun, Prime Minister of South Korea (2003–2004)
- President –
Kuwait - Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Sheikh Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
- Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2003–2006)
Kyrgyzstan - President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) [lower-alpha 7]
- Prime Minister – Nikolai Tanayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2002–2005)
Laos - Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
- President – Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
- Premier – Bounnhang Vorachith, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006)
Lebanon - President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
- Prime Minister – Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2000–2004)
Malaysia - Monarch – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2003–2009)
Maldives - President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
Mongolia - President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Prime Minister – Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
Myanmar - Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
- Khin Nyunt, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004)
Nepal - Monarch – Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (2002–2003)
- Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (2003–2004)
Oman - Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
Pakistan - President – Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
- Prime Minister – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2002–2004)
Philippines - President – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
Qatar - Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
Saudi Arabia - Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005)
- Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
Singapore - President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
Sri Lanka - President – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister – Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
Syria - President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
- Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)
Taiwan (Republic of China) - President – Chen Shui-bian, President of Taiwan (2000–2008)
- Premier – Yu Shyi-kun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2002–2005)
Tajikistan - President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
Thailand - Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister – Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
Turkey - President – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Abdullah Gül, Prime Minister of Turkey (2002–2003)
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)
Turkmenistan - President – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006) [lower-alpha 8]
United Arab Emirates - President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1976–2004)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
Uzbekistan - President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) [lower-alpha 9]
- Prime Minister –
- Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
- Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–2016)
Vietnam - Communist Party Leader – Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011)
- President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
Yemen - President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) [lower-alpha 10]
- Prime Minister – Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime Minister of Yemen (2001–2007)
Europe
Albania - President – Alfred Moisiu, President of Albania (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (2002–2005)
Andorra - Monarchs –
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Philippe Massoni (2002–2007)
- Episcopal Co-Prince –
- Archbishop Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
- Monarchs –
Armenia - President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
- Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
Austria - President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
Azerbaijan - President –
- Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
- Ilham Aliyev, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003)
- Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)
Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
- Prime Minister – Anushavan Danielyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1999–2007)
- President –
Belarus - President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Gennady Novitsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003)
- Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
Belgium - Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serb Member –
- Mirko Šarović (2002–2003; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2002–2003)
- Borislav Paravac (2003–2006; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003)
- Bosniak Member – Sulejman Tihić (2002–2006)
- Croat Member –
- Dragan Čović (2002–2005; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003)
- Dragan Čović (2002–2005; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003–2004)
- Serb Member –
- Prime Minister – Adnan Terzić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2007)
- High Representative – Lord (Paddy) Ashdown, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2006)
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria - President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
Croatia - President – Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
- Prime Minister –
- Ivica Račan, Prime Minister of Croatia (2000–2003)
- Ivo Sanader, Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009)
Cyprus - President –
- Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
- Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (2003–2008)
Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1976–2005)
- Prime Minister – Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
- President –
Czech Republic - President –
- Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
- Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister – Vladimír Špidla, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2002–2004)
- President –
Denmark - Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
Estonia - President – Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Siim Kallas, Prime Minister of Estonia (2002–2003)
- Juhan Parts, Prime Minister of Estonia (2003–2005)
Finland - President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland (1995–2003)
- Anneli Jäätteenmäki, Prime Minister of Finland (2003)
- Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)
France - President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France (2002–2005)
Georgia - President –
- Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Nino Burjanadze, Acting President of Georgia (2003–2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Avtandil Jorbenadze, Minister of State of Georgia (2001–2003)
- Zurab Zhvania, Minister of State of Georgia (2003–2005)
Abkhazia (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) [lower-alpha 11]
- Prime Minister –
- Gennadi Gagulia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2002–2003)
- Raul Khajimba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2003–2004)
South Ossetia (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Gerasim Khugayev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2001–2003)
- Igor Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2003–2005)
- President –
Germany - President – Johannes Rau, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004)
- Chancellor – Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
Greece - President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
Hungary - President – Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005)
- Prime Minister – Péter Medgyessy, Prime Minister of Hungary (2002–2004)
Iceland - President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
- Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
Ireland - President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
Italy - President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
- Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
Latvia - President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
- Prime Minister – Einars Repše, Prime Minister of Latvia (2002–2004)
Liechtenstein - Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
Lithuania - President –
- Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
- Rolandas Paksas, President of Lithuania (2003–2004)
- Prime Minister – Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
- President –
Luxembourg - Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
Macedonia - President – Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2002–2004)
Malta - President – Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
Moldova - President – Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009)
- Prime Minister – Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008)
Transnistria (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) [lower-alpha 12]
Monaco - Monarch – Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Prime Minister – Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
Kingdom of the Netherlands - Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
Netherlands (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) - Prime Minister – Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) - see § North America
Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) - see § North America
Norway - Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Regent – Crown Prince Haakon, Regent of Norway (2003–2004)
- Prime Minister – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
Poland - President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Leszek Miller, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
Portugal - President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister – José Manuel Barroso, Prime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004)
Romania - President – Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (2000–2004)
- Prime Minister – Adrian Năstase, Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)
Russia - President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
- Prime Minister – Mikhail Kasyanov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2000–2004)
San Marino - Captains-Regent –
- Giuseppe Maria Morganti and Mauro Chiaruzzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2002–2003)
- Pier Marino Menicucci and Giovanni Giannoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003)
- Giovanni Lonfernini and Valeria Ciavatta, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003–2004)
- Captains-Regent –
Serbia and Montenegro - renamed from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 4 February
- President –
- Vojislav Koštunica, President of Yugoslavia (2000–2003)
- Svetozar Marović, President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Dragiša Pešić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (2001–2003)
- Svetozar Marović, Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
- Kosovo (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration)
- President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (2002–2006)
- Prime Minister – Bajram Rexhepi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2002–2004)
- UN Special Representative –
- Michael Steiner, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2002–2003)
- Charles H. Brayshaw, Acting Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2003)
- Harri Holkeri, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2003–2004)
Slovakia - President – Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
Slovenia - President – Janez Drnovšek, President of Slovenia (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Anton Rop, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2002–2004)
Spain - Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister – José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
Sweden - Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
Switzerland - Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [lower-alpha 13]
- Members – Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009; President of Switzerland, 2003), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Christoph Blocher (2003–2007), and Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010)
- Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [lower-alpha 13]
Ukraine - President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister – Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2002–2005)
United Kingdom - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) - Lieutenant-Governor – Ian Macfadyen, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2000–2005)
- Chief Minister – Richard Corkill, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2001–2004)
Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) - Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005)
- Bailiff – Sir de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) - Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
- Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor –
- Sir David Durie, Governor of Gibraltar (2000–2003)
- David Blunt, Acting Governor of Gibraltar (2003)
- Sir Francis Richards, Governor of Gibraltar (2003–2006)
- Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
- Governor –
Vatican City - Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- Head of Government – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
Yugoslavia - see under the aforelisted State Union of Serbia and Montenegro
North America
Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla (2000–2004)
- Chief Minister – Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)
Antigua and Barbuda - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister – Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) - Governor – Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister – Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (2001–2009)
The Bahamas - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General – Dame Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005)
- Prime Minister – Perry Christie, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2002–2007)
Barbados - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
Belize - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
- Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Sir John Vereker, Governor of Bermuda (2002–2007)
- Premier –
- Jennifer M. Smith, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
- Alex Scott, Premier of Bermuda (2003–2006)
British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Tom Macan, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2002–2006)
- Chief Minister –
- Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
- Orlando Smith, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (2003–2007)
Canada - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
- Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006)
Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Bruce Dinwiddy, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005)
Costa Rica - President – Abel Pacheco, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006)
Cuba - Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
Dominica - President –
- Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
- Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister – Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
- President –
Dominican Republic - President – Hipólito Mejía, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
El Salvador - President – Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
Grenada - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
Guatemala - President – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004)
Haiti - President – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti (2001–2004)
- Prime Minister – Yvon Neptune, Prime Minister of Haiti (2002–2004)
Honduras - President – Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras (2002–2006)
Jamaica - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
Mexico - President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Tony Longrigg, Governor of Montserrat (2001–2004)
- Chief Minister – John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2001–2006)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) - Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010)
- Prime Minister –
Nicaragua - President – Enrique Bolaños, President of Nicaragua (2002–2007)
Panama - President – Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
Saint Lucia - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
- Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France) - redesignated from a departmental collectivity of the French Republic on 28 March
- Prefect – Claude Valleix, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019)
- Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–2019)
Trinidad and Tobago - President –
- A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
- George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister – Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
- President –
Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Jim Poston, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2002–2005)
- Chief Minister –
- Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003)
- Michael Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2009)
United States - President – George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009)
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States) - Governor – Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005)
United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States) - Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)
Oceania
American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States) - Governor –
- Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
- Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)
- Governor –
Australia - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General –
- Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003)
- Sir Guy Green, Administrator of the Government of Australia (2003)
- Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008)
- Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
Christmas Island (external territory of Australia) - Administrator –
- Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
- Ray Stone, Acting administrator of Christmas Island (2003)
- Evan Williams, Administrator of Christmas Island (2003–2005)
- Shire-President –
- Andrew Smolders, Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003)
- Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)
- Administrator –
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator –
- Bill Taylor, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
- Ray Stone, Acting administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003)
- Evan Williams, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003–2005)
- Shire-President – Ronald Grant, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007)
- Administrator –
Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia) - Administrator –
- Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
- Michael Stephens, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003)
- Grant Tambling, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003–2007)
- Chief Minister – Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
- Administrator –
Fiji - President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006)
- Prime Minister – Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France) - redesignated from an overseas territory of the French Republic on 28 March
- High Commissioner – Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005)
- Head of Government – Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
Guam (insular area of the United States) - Governor –
- Carl Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
- Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)
- Governor –
Kiribati - President –
- Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
- Tion Otang, Chairman of the Council of State of Kiribati (2003)
- Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)
- President –
Marshall Islands - President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
Micronesia - President –
- Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003)
- Joseph Urusemal, President of Micronesia (2003–2007)
- President –
Nauru - President –
- René Harris, President of Nauru (2001–2003)
- Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2003)
- René Harris, President of Nauru (2003)
- Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2003)
- Derog Gioura, President of Nauru (2003)
- Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru (2003)
- René Harris, President of Nauru (2003–2004)
- President –
New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France) - High Commissioner – Daniel Constantin, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – Pierre Frogier, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2001–2004)
New Zealand - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand) - Queen's Representative – Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Robert Woonton, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2002–2004)
Niue (associated state of New Zealand) - Premier – Young Vivian, Premier of Niue (2002–2008)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator –
- Lindsay Johnstone Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
- Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (2003–2006)
- Head of Government –
- Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (2002–2003)
- Kolouei O'Brien, Head of Government of Tokelau (2003–2004)
- Administrator –
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States) - Governor – Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006)
Palau - President – Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–2009)
Papua New Guinea - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General –
- Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
- Bill Skate, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2003–2004)
- Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)
Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Richard Fell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006)
- Mayor – Steve Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
Samoa - Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
Solomon Islands - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General – Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006)
Tonga - Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006) [lower-alpha 14]
- Prime Minister – Prince Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
Tuvalu - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General –
- Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
- Faimalaga Luka, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2003–2005)
- Prime Minister – Saufatu Sopoanga, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2002–2004)
Vanuatu - President – John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France) - redesignated from an overseas territory of the French Republic on 28 March
- Administrator – Christian Job, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005)
South America
Argentina - President –
- Eduardo Duhalde, President of Argentina (2002–2003)
- Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (2003–2007)
- President –
Bolivia - President –
- Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President of Bolivia (2002–2003)
- Carlos Mesa, President of Bolivia (2003–2005)
- President –
Brazil - President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010)
Chile - President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006)
Colombia - President – Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010)
Ecuador - President –
- Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (2000–2003)
- Lucio Gutiérrez, President of Ecuador (2003–2005)
- President –
Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Howard Pearce, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2002–2006)
- Head of Government –
- Michael Blanch, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (2000–2003)
- Chris Simpkins, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (2003–2007)
Guyana - President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
Paraguay - President –
- Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
- Nicanor Duarte, President of Paraguay (2003–2008)
- President –
Peru - President – Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Luis Solari De La Fuente, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2002–2003)
- Beatriz Merino, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003)
- Carlos Ferrero, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003–2005)
Suriname - President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010)
Uruguay - President – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
Venezuela - President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)
Notes
- Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
- Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
- Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
- Abkhazia only declared independence in 1992.
- Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- Tonga only became independent in 1970.
gollark: Now to install this redis thing.
gollark: You test in production?
gollark: Well, its dependencies installed, now for the rest.
gollark: <@173511059582222336> How does it get tested then?
gollark: *WORK*, krist node!
External links
- Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
- WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories
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