Prime Minister of Yugoslavia

Prime Minister of Yugoslavia ; Премијер Југославије; Premijer Jugoslavije
	Standard of the Prime Minister; (SFR Yugoslavia)
	Longest serving; Josip Broz Tito; 2 November 1944 – 29 June 1963
	Government of Yugoslavia
Member of	Parliament of Yugoslavia
Reports to	King of Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) (1918–1945); President of Yugoslavia (1945–1974); Presidency of Yugoslavia (1974–1992)
Seat	Belgrade, Serbia
Nominator	King of Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) (1918–1945); Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
Appointer	Parliament of Yugoslavia
Precursor	Prime Minister of Serbia; President of the National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
Formation	1 December 1918
First holder	Stojan Protić
Final holder	Ante Marković
Abolished	14 July 1992
Succession	PM of Bosnia and Herzegovina; PM of Croatia; PM of Macedonia; PM of Serbia and Montenegro; PM of Slovenia
Deputy	Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia

The Prime Minister of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.

History

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created by the unification of the Kingdom of Serbia (Montenegro had united with Serbia five days previously, while the regions of Kosovo and Metohija, Baranya, Syrmia, Banat, Bačka and Vardar Macedonia were parts of Serbia prior to the unification) and the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) on 1 December 1918.

Until 6 January 1929, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was a parliamentary monarchy. On that day, King Alexander I abolished the Vidovdan Constitution (adopted in 1921), prorogued the National Assembly and introduced a personal dictatorship (so-called 6 January Dictatorship). He renamed the country Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929, and although introduced the 1931 Constitution, he continued to rule as a de facto absolute monarch until his assassination on 9 October 1934, during a state visit to France. After his assassination, parliamentary monarchy was put back in place.

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was defeated and occupied after the German invasion on 17 April 1941. The monarchy was formally abolished on 29 November 1945.

In 1945 there were ten living former prime ministers. Out of these, Nikola Uzunović, Dušan Simović, Miloš Trifunović and Ivan Šubašić lived in the Democratic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia while Petar Živković, Bogoljub Jevtić, Milan Stojadinović, Dragiša Cvetković, Slobodan Jovanović and Božidar Purić remained in exile.

SFR Yugoslavia

After the German invasion and fragmentation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Partisan resistance in occupied Yugoslavia formed a deliberative council, the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 the AVNOJ proclaimed the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, and appointed the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ), led by Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito, as its government. Josip Broz Tito was quickly recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference, and the royalist government-in-exile in London was pressured into agreeing on a merge with the NKOJ. In order to facilitate this, Ivan Šubašić was appointed by the King to head the London government.

For a period, Yugoslavia had two recognized prime ministers and governments (which both agreed to formally merge as soon as possible): Josip Broz Tito leading the NKOJ in occupied Yugoslavia, and Ivan Šubašić leading the King's government-in-exile in London. With the Tito-Šubašić Agreement in 1944, the two prime ministers agreed that the new joint government would be led by Tito. After the liberation of Yugoslavia's capital Belgrade in October 1944, the joint government was officially formed on 2 November 1944, with Josip Broz Tito as the prime minister.

After the war, elections were held ending in an overwhelming victory for Tito's People's Front. The new parliament deposed King Peter II on 29 November 1945, and declared a Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (in 1963, the state was renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The government was first headed by a prime minister up to 14 January 1953, when major decentralization reforms reorganized the government into the Federal Executive Council chaired by a President, who was still usually called "Prime Minister" in non-Yugoslav sources. Josip Broz Tito held the post from 1944 to 1963; from 1953 onward, he was also President of the Republic.

Five out of nine heads of government of Yugoslavia in this period were of Croatian ethnicity. Three were from Croatia itself (Josip Broz Tito, Mika Špiljak, and Milka Planinc), while two were Bosnian Croats (Branko Mikulić and Ante Marković). Ante Marković however, though a Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina by birth, was a politician of Croatia like Špiljak and Planinc, serving (at different times) as both prime minister and president of the presidency of that federal unit.

List

People's Radical Party Democratic Party Slovene People's Party Yugoslav National Party Yugoslav Radical Union Croatian Peasant Party League of Communists Union of Reform Forces Socialist Party of Serbia Independent

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Political party	Election	Cabinet	Notes
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Election	Cabinet	Notes
In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
–		Nikola Pašić (1845–1926) Acting	Serb	1 December 1918	22 December 1918	21 days	NRS	–	Pašić XII	Acting prime minister, as the last prime minister of Serbia.
1		Stojan Protić (1857–1923)	Serb	22 December 1918	16 August 1919	237 days	NRS	–	Protić I	First Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (that will be renamed to "Yugoslavia").
2		Ljubomir Davidović (1863–1940)	Serb	16 August 1919	19 February 1920	187 days	DS	–	Davidović I	.
(1)		Stojan Protić (1857–1923)	Serb	19 February 1920	16 May 1920	87 days	NRS	–	Protić II	.
3		Milenko Vesnić (1863–1921)	Serb	16 May 1920	1 January 1921	230 days	NRS	1920	Vesnić	.
4		Nikola Pašić (1845–1926)	Serb	1 January 1921	28 July 1924	3 years, 209 days	NRS	1923	Pašić XIII–XIV–XV–XVI–XVII–XVIII–XIX	Second term. Vidovdan Constitution adopted on June 28, 1921.
(2)		Ljubomir Davidović (1863–1940)	Serb	28 July 1924	6 November 1924	101 days	DS	–	Davidović II	Second term
(4)		Nikola Pašić (1845–1926)	Serb	6 November 1924	8 April 1926	1 year, 153 days	NRS	1925	Pašić XX–XXI–XXII	Third term
5		Nikola Uzunović (1873–1954)	Serb	8 April 1926	17 April 1927	1 year, 9 days	NRS	–	Uzunović I–II	.
6		Velimir Vukićević (1871–1930)	Serb	17 April 1927	28 July 1928	1 year, 102 days	NRS	1927	Vukićević I–II	Resigned after the assassination attempt on opposition leader Stjepan Radić in the Parliament.
7		Anton Korošec (1872–1940)	Slovene	28 July 1928	7 January 1929	163 days	SLS	–	Korošec	Appointed after the assassination attempt on Stjepan Radić, until the 6 January Dictatorship.
8		Petar Živković (1879–1947)	Serb	7 January 1929	4 April 1932	3 years, 88 days	JRSD	1931	Živković	Prime Minister during the 6 January Dictatorship. Sentenced to death in absentia in 1946.
9		Vojislav Marinković (1876–1935)	Serb	4 April 1932	3 July 1932	90 days	JRSD	–	Marinković	Previously a (founding) member of the Democratic Party.
10		Milan Srškić (1880–1937)	Serb	3 July 1932	27 January 1934	1 year, 208 days	JRSD	–	Srškić I–II	.
(5)		Nikola Uzunović (1873–1954)	Serb	27 January 1934	22 December 1934	329 days	JNS	–	Uzunović III	The Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy party was renamed into the Yugoslav National Party.
11		Bogoljub Jevtić (1886–1960)	Serb	22 December 1934	24 June 1935	184 days	JRZ JNS	1935	Jevtić	.
12		Milan Stojadinović (1888–1961)	Serb	24 June 1935	5 February 1939	3 years, 226 days	JRZ	1938	Stojadinović I–II–III	.
13		Dragiša Cvetković (1893–1969)	Serb	5 February 1939	27 March 1941	2 years, 50 days	JRZ	–	Cvetković I–II	Sentenced in absentia in 1945.[1]
In the Yugoslav government-in-exile
14		Dušan Simović (1882–1962)	Serb	27 March 1941	12 June 1942	1 year, 77 days	Independent	–	Simović	Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army. Took power by military coup d'état. He led the government into exile in London.
15		Slobodan Jovanović (1869–1958)	Serb	12 June 1942	26 June 1943	1 year, 14 days	Independent	–	Jovanović I-II	Headed government-in-exile. Found guilty of treason in absentia in 1946.
16		Miloš Trifunović (1871–1957)	Serb	26 June 1943	10 August 1943	45 days	NRS	–	Trifunović	Headed government-in-exile
17		Božidar Purić (1891–1977)	Serb	10 August 1943	8 July 1944	333 days	Independent	–	Purić	Headed government-in-exile
18		Ivan Šubašić (1892–1955)	Croat	8 July 1944	2 November 1944	117 days	HSS	–	Šubašić	Headed government-in-exile. Merged into coalition government on November 2, 1944, with Josip Broz Tito presiding.[2][3]
In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
19 (1)		Josip Broz Tito (1892–1980)	Croat	2 November 1944	29 June 1963	18 years, 239 days	KPJ SKJ	1945 1950 1953 1958 1963	Tito I–II–III–IV–V–VI	Held post simultaneously (as head of the NKOJ) first with Božidar Purić, then Ivan Šubašić. Headed joint coalition government.
20 (2)		Petar Stambolić (1912–2007)	Serb	29 June 1963	16 May 1967	3 years, 321 days	SKJ	–	Stambolić	.
21 (3)		Mika Špiljak (1916–2007)	Croat	16 May 1967	18 May 1969	2 years, 2 days	SKJ	–	Špiljak	.
22 (4)		Mitja Ribičič (1919–2013)	Slovene	18 May 1969	30 July 1971	2 years, 73 days	SKJ	1969	Ribičič	.
23 (5)		Džemal Bijedić (1917–1977)	Bosniak	30 July 1971	18 January 1977 †	5 years, 172 days	SKJ	1974	Bijedić	Killed in a plane crash.
24 (6)		Veselin Đuranović (1925–1997)	Montenegrin	18 January 1977	16 May 1982	5 years, 118 days	SKJ	1978	Đuranović	.
25 (7)		Milka Planinc (1924–2010)	Croat	16 May 1982	15 May 1986	3 years, 364 days	SKJ	1982	Planinc	First female head of the government.
26 (8)		Branko Mikulić (1928–1995)	Croat	15 May 1986	16 March 1989	2 years, 305 days	SKJ	1986	Mikulić	Resigned on 30 December 1988, amid widespread protests.
27 (9)		Ante Marković (1924–2011)	Croat	16 March 1989	20 December 1991	2 years, 279 days	SRSJ SKJ	1990	Marković	Last prime minister of Yugoslavia. League of Communists was dissolved in 1990, Marković formed his own party.
–		Aleksandar Mitrović (1933–2012) Acting	Serb	20 December 1991	14 July 1992	207 days	SPS	–	Marković	Acting Prime Minister, installed by Serbia and Montenegro.

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References

Rehabilitovan Dragiša Cvetković
Lampe, John R.; Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country; Cambridge University Press, 2000 ISBN 0-521-77401-2
Ramet, Sabrina P.; The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005; Indiana University Press, 2006 ISBN 0-253-34656-8

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[1] Rehabilitovan Dragiša Cvetković

[Yugoslavia_as_history-2] Lampe, John R.; Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country; Cambridge University Press, 2000 ISBN 0-521-77401-2

[The_three_Yugoslavias-3] Ramet, Sabrina P.; The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005; Indiana University Press, 2006 ISBN 0-253-34656-8