President of Nicaragua

The president of Nicaragua (Spanish: Presidente de Nicaragua), officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Nicaragua), is the head of state of Nicaragua. The office was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838, the head of state of Nicaragua was styled simply as Head of State (Jefe de Estado), and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director (Supremo Director).

President of the Republic of Nicaragua Presidente de la República de Nicaragua
Presidential Seal
Incumbent Daniel Ortega since 10 January 2007
Status	Head of State Head of Government
Residence	Managua, Nicaragua
Term length	Five years, renewable
Constituting instrument	Constitution of Nicaragua
Precursor	Supreme Director of Nicaragua
Formation	30 April 1854
First holder	Fruto Chamorro
Deputy	Vice President of Nicaragua
Salary	3,193 USD per month[1]
Website	President of Nicaragua

The incumbent president, Daniel Ortega, has served as President since 2007.[2]

Heads of state of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America (1821–1838)

Name	Political party	Dates in office	Notes
Manuel Antonio de la Cerda	Conservative	22 April 1825 – 22 April 1826	1st time, from León.
Juan Argüello	Liberal	22 April 1826 – 14 September 1827	1st time, from León.
Pedro Benito Pineda	Conservative	17 September 1826 – 26 February 1827	In rebellion, from Granada.
Manuel Antonio de la Cerda	Conservative	27 February 1827 – 7 November 1828	In rebellion, 2nd time.
Pedro Oviedo	Liberal	14 September 1827 – December 1827	Provisional, from Chinandega, León and Granada.
Liberal Juntas	Liberal	December 1827 - August 1828	From León and Granada.
Juan Argüello	Liberal	5 August 1828 – November 1829	2nd time, from León.
Juan Espinosa	Liberal	8 November 1829 – 10 May 1830	Acting.
Dionisio Herrera	Liberal	10 May 1830 - December, 1833
Benito Morales	Conservative	December, 1833 - 10 March 1834	Acting.
José Núñez	Conservative	10 March 1834 – 23 April 1835
José Zepeda	Conservative	23 April 1835 – 25 January 1837	Assassinated.
José Núñez	Conservative	25 January 1837 – 12 January 1838	2nd time, acting.
Francisco Jiménez Rubio	Conservative	12 January 1838 – 13 March 1838	Acting.
José Núñez	Conservative	13 March 1838 – 17 November 1838	3rd time.

Heads of state of independent Nicaragua (1838–present)

Supreme directors (1838–1854)

Name	Political party	Dates in office	Notes
José Núñez	Conservative	17 November 1838 – 23 April 1839	1st time.
Evaristo Rocha	Conservative	23 April – 30 June 1839
Patricio Rivas	Liberal	30 June 1839 – 27 July 1839	1st time.
Joaquín del Cossío	Conservative	27 July 1839 – 20 October 1839
Hilario Ulloa	Conservative	20 October 1839 – 7 November 1839
Tomás Valladares	Conservative	7 November 1839 – 21 September 1840
Patricio Rivas	Liberal	21 September 1840 – 4 March 1841	2nd time.
Pablo Buitrago y Benavente	Conservative	4 March 1841 – 1 April 1843
Juan de Dios Orozco	Conservative	1 April 1843 - 31 May 1843
Manuel Pérez	Liberal	31 May 1843 - 4 November 1844
Emiliano Madriz	Liberal	4 November 1844 - 24 January 1845	Legitimate in León, defender of the then-state capital against Francisco Malespín.
Silvestre Selva	Conservative	16 December 1844 - 20 January 1845	Provisional, in rebellion. Recognized by Malespin.
Manuel Blas Antonio Sáenz	Conservative	20 January – 4 April 1845	In dissent since 24 January 1845.
José León Sandoval	Conservative Republican (Conservador republicano)	4 April 1845 - 12 March 1847
Miguel Ramón Morales	Conservative Republican	12 March – 6 April 1847	Acting Senator, Acting
José María Guerrero de Arcos y Molina	Conservative Republican	6 April 1847 - 1 January 1849
Bernardo Toribio Terán Prado	Conservative	1 January – 8 March 1849	Acting Senator
José Benito Rosales y Sandoval	Conservative	8 March – 1 April 1849	Acting Senator
Norberto Ramírez Áreas	Conservative	1 April 1849 - 1 April 1851
Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés	Conservative	1 April – 5 May 1851	Provisional Government in León. 1st time, Acting Senator.
José Laureano Pineda Ugarte	Liberal	5 May – 4 August 1851	1st time. Deposed by José Trinidad Muñoz military coup.
Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés	Conservative	4 August – 11 November 1851	2nd time. Acting senator under the authority of José Trinidad Muñoz, General in Chief, leader of the military coup.
José Laureano Pineda Ugarte	Liberal	5 August – 11 August 1851	In dissent, 2nd time.
José Francisco del Montenegro	Liberal	5 August – 11 August 1851	Government in Granada, died after assuming command.
José de Jesús Alfaro	Liberal	11 August – 2 November 1851	In dissent. Government in Granada, Acting Senator.
Fulgencio de la Vega y Santos	Conservative	11 November 1851 – 1852,	Appointed by the Assembly with the support of: Fruto Chamorro Brigadier General, victorious against José Trinidad Muñoz.
José Laureano Pineda Ugarte	Liberal	11 November 1851 – 1 April 1853	In rebellion until 2 November 1851. 3rd time.
José Fruto Chamorro Pérez	Conservative	1 April 1853 – 30 April 1854	Government in Granada.
Francisco Castellón Sanabria	Liberal	11 June 1854 - 2 September 1855	Provisional in rebellion, from León to 1 April 1855.
Nazario Scotus	Liberal	2 September – 30 October 1855	Provisional in rebellion, from León.

Presidents (1854–present)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party (at time of election)	Election	Ref.
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Fruto Chamorro (1804–1855)	30 April 1854	12 March 1855	316 days	Conservative	–	[3]
—		José María Estrada (1802–1856) Acting	12 March 1855	22 October 1855	224 days	Conservative	–	[3]
—		Patricio Rivas (1802–1856) Provisional	30 October 1855	24 June 1857	224 days	Democratic	1856	[3]
—		William Walker (1824–1860) Usurper	12 July 1856	1 May 1857	293 days	Democratic	–	[3]
—		Government Junta Máximo Jerez and Tomás Martínez	24 June 1857	15 November 1857	144 days	Nonpartisan	–	[3]
2		Tomás Martínez (1820–1873)	15 November 1857	1 March 1867	9 years, 106 days	Conservative	–	[3]
3		Fernando Guzmán Solórzano (1812–1891)	1 March 1867	1 March 1871	4 years, 0 days	Conservative	–	[3]
4		José Vicente Cuadra (1812–1894)	1 March 1871	1 March 1875	4 years, 0 days	Conservative	1871	[3]
5		Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro (1818–1890)	1 March 1875	1 March 1879	4 years, 0 days	Conservative	–	[3]
6		Joaquín Zavala (1835–1906)	1 March 1879	1 March 1883	4 years, 0 days	Conservative	–	[3]
7		Adán Cárdenas (1836–1916)	1 March 1883	1 March 1887	4 years, 0 days	Conservative	–	[3]
8		Evaristo Carazo (1821–1889)	1 March 1887	1 August 1889	2 years, 0 days	Conservative	–	[3]
–		Nicolás Osorno (1821–1889) Acting	1 August 1889	5 August 1889	4 days	Conservative	–	–
–		Roberto Sacasa (1840–1896) Acting	5 August 1889	1 January 1891	1 year, 149 days	Conservative	–	[3]
9		Ignacio Chaves López (1821–1889)	1 January 1891	1 March 1891	59 days	Conservative	–	–
10		Roberto Sacasa (1840–1896)	1 March 1891	11 July 1893	2 years, 132 days	Conservative	–	[3]
–		Salvador Machado (1840–1896) Acting	11 July 1893	15 July 1893	4 days	Conservative	–	–
–		Joaquín Zavala (1835–1906) Acting	16 July 1893	25 July 1893	9 days	Conservative	–	[3]
11		José Santos Zelaya (1853–1919)	25 July 1893	21 December 1909	16 years, 149 days	Liberal	1902 1906	[3]
–		José Madriz (1867–1911) Acting	21 December 1909	20 August 1910	242 days	Liberal	–	[3]
–		José Dolores Estrada (1869–1939) Acting	20 August 1910	27 August 1910	7 days	Liberal	–	–
–		Luis Mena (1869–1939) Acting	27 August 1910	30 August 1910	3 days	Conservative	–	–
–		Juan José Estrada (1872–1967) Acting	30 August 1910	9 May 1911	252 days	Liberal	–	[3]
12		Adolfo Díaz (1875–1964)	9 May 1911	1 January 1917	5 years, 237 days	Conservative	1912 1914	[3]
13		Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (1871–1966)	1 January 1917	1 January 1921	4 years, 0 days	Conservative	1916	[3]
14		Diego Manuel Chamorro (1861–1923)	1 January 1921	12 October 1923 †	2 years, 284 days	Conservative	1920	[3]
–		Rosendo Chamorro (1861–1923) Acting	12 October 1923	27 October 1923	15 days	Conservative	–	–
15		Bartolomé Martínez (1873–1936)	27 October 1923	1 January 1925	1 year, 66 days	Conservative	–	[3]
16		Carlos José Solórzano (1860–1936)	1 January 1925	14 March 1926	1 year, 72 days	Conservative	1924	[3]
(13)		Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (1871–1966) De facto	14 March 1926	11 November 1926	242 days	Conservative	–	[3]
–		Sebastián Uriza (1861–1926) Acting	11 November 1926	14 November 1926	3 days	Conservative	–	–
(12)		Adolfo Díaz (1875–1964)	14 November 1926	1 January 1929	2 years, 293 days	Conservative	1926	[3]
17		José María Moncada (1870–1945)	1 January 1929	1 January 1933	4 years, 0 days	Liberal	1928	[3]
18		Juan Bautista Sacasa (1874–1946)	1 January 1933	9 June 1936	3 years, 160 days	Liberal	1932	[3]
–		Carlos Alberto Brenes (1884–1942) Acting	9 June 1936	1 January 1937	206 days	PLN	–	[3]
19		Anastasio Somoza García (1896–1956)	1 January 1937	1 May 1947	10 years, 120 days	PLN	1936	[3]
20		Leonardo Argüello Barreto (1875–1947)	1 May 1947	26 May 1947	25 days	PLN	1947 (Feb)	[3]
–		Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa (1893–1959) Acting	26 May 1947	15 August 1947	81 days	PLN	–	[3]
21		Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes (1872–1950)	15 August 1947	6 May 1950	25 days	PLN	1947 (Aug)	[3]
–		Manuel Fernando Zurita (1893–1959) Acting	6 May 1950	7 May 1950	1 day	PLN	–	–
(19)		Anastasio Somoza García (1896–1956)	7 May 1950	29 September 1956 †	6 years, 145 days	PLN	1950	[3]
22		Luis Somoza Debayle (1922–1967)	29 September 1956	1 May 1963	6 years, 214 days	PLN	1957	[3]
23		René Schick (1909–1966)	1 May 1963	3 August 1966 †	3 years, 94 days	PLN	1963	[3]
–		Orlando Montenegro Medrano (1920–1988) Acting	3 August 1966	4 August 1966	1 day	PLN	–	–
24		Lorenzo Guerrero (1900–1981)	4 August 1966	1 May 1967	271 days	PLN	–	[3]
25		Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925–1980)	1 May 1967	1 May 1972	5 years, 0 days	PLN	1967	[3]
–		Liberal-Conservative Junta	1 May 1972	1 December 1974	2 years, 214 days	Nonpartisan	–	–
(25)		Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925–1980)	1 December 1974	17 July 1979	4 years, 228 days	PLN	1974	[3]
–		Francisco Urcuyo (1915–2001) Acting	17 July 1979	18 July 1979	1 day	PLN	–	[3]
–		Junta of National Reconstruction (Coordinator: Daniel Ortega)	18 July 1979	10 January 1985	5 years, 176 days	Nonpartisan	–	–
26		Daniel Ortega (born 1945)	10 January 1985	25 April 1990	5 years, 105 days	FSLN	1984	[3]
27		Violeta Chamorro (born 1929)	25 April 1990	10 January 1997	6 years, 260 days	UNO	1990	[3]
28		Arnoldo Alemán (born 1947)	10 January 1997	10 January 2002	5 years, 0 days	PLC	1996	[3]
29		Enrique Bolaños (born 1929)	10 January 2002	10 January 2007	5 years, 0 days	PLC APRE	2001	[3]
(26)		Daniel Ortega (born 1945)	10 January 2007	Incumbent	13 years, 217 days	FSLN	2006 2011 2016	–

Living former presidents

Living as of 14 August 2020

Name	Term of office	Date of birth
Violeta Chamorro	1990–1997	(1929-10-18) 18 October 1929
Arnoldo Alemán	1997–2002	(1947-01-23) 23 January 1947
Enrique Bolaños	2002–2007	(1929-05-13) 13 May 1929

See also

• History of Nicaragua
• List of years in Nicaragua

Latest election

Main article: 2016 Nicaraguan general election

Candidate	Party	Votes	%
Daniel Ortega	Sandinista National Liberation Front	1,806,651	72.44
Maximino Rodríguez	Constitutionalist Liberal Party	374,898	15.03
José Alvarado	Independent Liberal Party	112,562	4.51
Saturnino Cerrato	Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance	107,392	4.31
Erick Cabezas	Conservative Party	57,437	2.30
Carlos Canales	Alliance for the Republic	35,002	1.40
Invalid/blank votes		–	–
Total		2,493,942	100
Registered voters/turnout		–	–
Source: CSE

References

1. "Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage". Latin Post.
2. "Nicaragua's Ortega takes office", BBC News, January 11, 2007.
3. "Gobernantes de Nicaragua". Ministerio de Educación. 9 December 2012. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012.

External links

• Presidentes de Nicaragua