Sex-hormonal agent
A sex-hormonal agent, also known as a sex-hormone receptor modulator, is a type of hormonal agent which specifically modulates the effects of sex hormones and of their biological targets, the sex hormone receptors. The sex hormones include androgens such as testosterone, estrogens such as estradiol, and progestogens such as progesterone.[1] Sex-hormonal agents may be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in chemical structure and may serve to either enhance, inhibit, or have mixed effects on the function of the sex hormone systems.[2]
| Sex-hormonal agent | |
|---|---|
| Drug class | |
| Class identifiers | |
| Synonyms | Sex-steroidal agent; Sex-hormone receptor modulator |
| Use | Hormone therapy; Antihormone therapy; Hormonal contraception |
| Biological target | Androgen receptor; Estrogen receptor; Progesterone receptor |
| Chemical class | Steroidal; Nonsteroidal |
| In Wikidata | |
Sex-hormonal agents are used in medicine for a variety of purposes including hormone therapy (e.g., menopausal hormone therapy, androgen replacement therapy, transgender hormone therapy), antihormone therapy (e.g., androgen deprivation therapy, estrogen deprivation therapy), and hormonal contraception, among others.
Types and examples
Androgen receptor (AR) modulators
See also: Androgen receptor
- Androgens and anabolic steroids (AR agonists)
- Examples: testosterone, androstanolone (dihydrotestosterone), prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone), nandrolone (nortestosterone), methyltestosterone, metandienone (methandrostenolone), oxandrolone, stanozolol, danazol
- Selective androgen receptor modulators (AR mixed agonists/antagonists)
- Antiandrogens (AR antagonists)
Estrogen receptor (ER) modulators
See also: Estrogen receptor
- Estrogens (ER agonists)
- Examples: estradiol, estrone, estriol, estetrol, conjugated estrogens (Premarin), ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol (stilbestrol), chlorotrianisene
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators (ER mixed agonists/antagonists)
- Examples: tamoxifen, clomifene, cyclofenil, raloxifene, toremifene, lasofoxifene, ospemifene, bazedoxifene
- Antiestrogens (ER antagonists)
- Examples: fulvestrant, ICI-164384, TAS-108 (SR-16234), ZB716 (fulvestrant-3-boronic acid), ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25)
Progesterone receptor (PR) modulators
See also: Progesterone receptor
- Progestogens and progestins (PR agonists)
- Examples: progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethisterone (norethindrone), levonorgestrel, drospirenone, dydrogesterone
- Selective progesterone receptor modulators (PR mixed agonists/antagonists)
- Examples: mifepristone, ulipristal acetate, telapristone (CDB-4124), vilaprisan (BAY-1002670)
- Antiprogestogens (PR antagonists)
- Examples: aglepristone, onapristone (ZK-89299)
Indirect sex-hormonal agents
Drugs that indirectly influence sex hormone systems, such as antigonadotropins like GnRH analogues and prolactin releasers (e.g., D2 receptor antagonists), progonadotropins like GnRH agonists, and steroidogenesis inhibitors like aromatase inhibitors and androgen synthesis inhibitors, are also sex-hormonal agents.
gollark: Surely if you're pumping the iron it must be a fluid, and thus a liquid (or if you're really adventurous, gas).
gollark: You probably should. According to at least 2 things I looked at on the internet, it's important for health.
gollark: And I forgot about DNS, but that's another information leak unless your devices use DNS over TLS/HTTPS/etc which they should.
gollark: Well, they can also see the IP, but domain is generally more useful.
gollark: Not IP, the domain name.
References
- Thomas L. Lemke; David A. Williams (2008). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1266–1267. ISBN 978-0-7817-6879-5.
- Judi Lindsley Nath (2006). Using Medical Terminology: A Practical Approach. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 977–. ISBN 978-0-7817-4868-1.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.