Gogodala–Suki languages
The Gogodala–Suki or Suki – Aramia River languages are a small language family of Papua New Guinea, spoken in the region of the Aramia River. The four language are clearly related.
| Gogodala–Suki | |
|---|---|
| Suki – Aramia River | |
| Geographic distribution | Aramia River region, Western Province, Papua New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Papuan Gulf ?
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | suki1244[1] |
 Map: The Gogodala–Suki languages of New Guinea
The Gogodala–Suki languages
Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
Languages
The languages are:
- Gogodala–Suki family
- Suki language
- Gogodala (Aramia River) branch: Gogodala, Ari, Waruna
Gogodala–Suki languages and respective demographic information listed by Evans (2018) are provided below.[2]
List of Gogodala-Suki languages Language Location Population Suki north-central Morehead Rural LLG 3,500 Gogodala Gogodala Rural LLG 26,000 Ari Gogodala Rural LLG ? Waruna Gogodala Rural LLG ?
Phonemes
The reconstructed sound system is,[3]
| *m | *n | |
| *p | *t | *k |
| *b | *d | *g |
| *s | ||
| ?*r |
It's not clear that there was *w or *j distinct from *u and *i.
| *i | *u | |
| *e | *o | |
| *ɛ | ||
| *a |
Pronouns
Free pronouns and object prefixes are:[3]
sg pl 1 *nɛ *sɛ 2 *ɛ *dɛ 3 *o(-b) ?
sg pl 1 *n- *s- 2 *- *d- 3 *- *d-
(2sg and 3sg is zero.)
Evolution
Gogodalic-Suki formed a branch of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. Possible reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[4]
- omo ‘breast’ < *amu
- magata ‘mouth, jaw’ < *maŋgat[a]
- mele-pila ‘tongue’ < *mele-mbilaŋ
- imu ‘eye’ < *(ŋg,k)amu
- mi ‘louse’ < *iman, *niman
- kadepa ‘sun’ < *kand(a,e)pa
- ila ‘tree, fire’ < *inda
- na- ‘eat’ < *na-
- mana- ‘sit, stay’ < *mVna-
- gigoa ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- na- ‘eat’ < *na-
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References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Suki–Gogodala". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Evans, Nicholas (2018). "The languages of Southern New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 641–774. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Usher (2020)
- Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Suki – Aramia River
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