Southern Cordilleran languages

Proto-Southern Cordilleran
Reconstruction of	Southern Cordilleran languages
Reconstructed; ancestors	Proto-Austronesian Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Proto-Philippine Proto-Northern Luzon ; ; ;

Southern Cordilleran
Geographic; distribution	northern Luzon
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Northern Luzon Meso-Cordilleran Southern Cordilleran; ; ; ; ;
Glottolog	sout2907[1]

The Southern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family.[2][3] They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore of the Lingayen Gulf to the highlands of Quirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language is Pangasinan, one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.

Internal classification

The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[4] Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[3]

- Ilongot
- West Southern Cordilleran
  - Pangasinan
  - Nuclear Southern Cordilleran
    - Ibaloi (including Iwak)
    - Karao
    - Kalanguya

Reconstruction

Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[3]

Phonology

Vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	*i	*ɨ	*u
Open		*a

Consonants
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless	*p	*t		*k	*ʔ
Stop	voiced	*b	*d		*g
Fricative			*s
Nasal		*m	*n		*ŋ
Lateral			*l
Approximant		*w		*y

Vocabulary

The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[3] and Zorc (1979)[4]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.

Comparison table
Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn)
Ilongot	Pangasinan	Ibaloi	PSC	PAn	Meaning
ma:go	a:gɨw	ʔágɨw	*ʔa:gɨw	*qaləjaw	'day'
dɨ:nom	danúm	čánom	*dánum	*daNum	'water'
Southern Cordilleran innovations
Ilongot	Pangasinan	Ibaloi	PSC	PAn	Meaning
ʔa:gɨt	agát	ʔagát	*ʔágat	(*laqia)	'ginger'
bɨsik	batík	bɨtík	*bɨtík	(*laRiw)	'run'
tɨɣí	salí	sɨdí	*sɨlí	(*qaqay)	'foot'
-to	-tu	-to	*-tu	(*nia)	'his/her'
kɨyó	kiyɨ́w	kiyɨ́w	*kɨyɨ́w[lower-alpha 1]	(*kaSiw)	'tree'
tóʔo	tuʔú	túʔu	*túʔu[lower-alpha 2]	(*Cau)	'person'
kɨyɨ́w is an irregular reflex of PAn kaSiw túʔu is an irregular reflex of PAn Cau

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gollark: Imagine using a EUCLIDEAN map.

References

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Southern Cordilleran". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.
Himes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Languages. 37 (1): 120–177. JSTOR 3623282.
Zorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.). Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258. doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.

External links

"Southern Cordilleran" at Ethnologue, 23rd ed., 2020.

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[5] ɨyɨ́w is an irregular reflex of PAn *kaSiw

[2] ɨyɨ́w is an irregular reflex of PAn *kaSiw

[6] túʔu is an irregular reflex of PAn *Cau

[4] túʔu is an irregular reflex of PAn *Cau

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Southern Cordilleran". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.

[Himes1998-3] Himes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Languages. 37 (1): 120–177. JSTOR 3623282.

[Zorc1979-4] Zorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.). Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258. doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.