Manobo languages
The Manobo languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Their speakers are primarily located around Northern Mindanao, Central Mindanao (presently called SOCCSKSARGEN) and Caraga regions where they are natively spoken. Some outlying groups make Manobo geographically discontiguous as other speakers can be located as far as the southern peninsula of Davao Oriental, most of Davao Occidental and coastal areas of Sultan Kudarat. The Kagayanen speakers are the most extremely remote and can be found in certain portions of Palawan.
| Manobo | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | central Mindanao |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| ISO 639-2 / 5 | mno |
| Glottolog | mano1276[1] |
 Geographic extent of Manobo languages based on Ethnologue maps | |
Languages
Classification
Elkins (1974:637) classifies the Manobo languages as follows.
- Manobo
- Northern
- Cagayano (of Cagayancillo Island)
- Kinamigin (of Camiguin Island), Binukid (of central Mindanao)
- (core branch)
- Southern
- East-West-Central
- Western
- Obo
- Ilianen Manobo
- Western Bukidnon Manobo, Livunganen (a dialect spoken in Libungan, north of Midsayap, Cotabato)
- East-Central
- Eastern
- Agusan Manobo
- Dibabawon Manobo
- Central
- Ata of Davao
- Matig Salug, Tigwa Manobo
- Eastern
- Western
- Northern
Reconstruction
| Proto-Manobo | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Manobo languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
Elkins (1974) includes a reconstruction of Proto-Manobo, along with 197 reconstructed etyma.
The Proto-Manobo phonemes are (Elkins 1974:616):
- Consonants
| *p | *t | *k | *ʔ |
| *b | *d | *g | |
| *m | *n | *ŋ | |
| *l | |||
| *r | |||
| *s | *h | ||
| *w | *y |
- Vowels
| *i | *u |
| *e | |
| *a |
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See also
- Lumad people
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Manobo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Elkins, Richard E. (1974). "A Proto-Manobo Word List". Oceanic Linguistics. 13 (1/2): 601–641. doi:10.2307/3622754.
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