Yabutian languages
The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages of southern Rondônia, Brazil, namely Arikapú (Maxubí) and Djeoromitxi (Yabutí/Jabotí). They are members of the Macro-Je language family.
| Yabutian | |
|---|---|
| Jabutian | |
| Geographic distribution | Rondônia, Brazil |
| Linguistic classification | Macro-Gê
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | jabu1249[1] |
 | |
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Yabutian language varieties.[2]
gloss Yabutí Aricapú Mashubi one nichi owá two yämbo krokro three kamekü ear hi-nĩpí chi-nipoaró chi-nipuré tooth hi-dö shi-shakriá maishambishi hand hi-nikú chi-nuhu chi-nikaimu woman páko pakohä chininika water bzirú bi yú fire pichä pikö piku sun tõhõ töhã tadzyó maize tsitsi chichi kokoví tapir huá nowö chimoré house híkö arikó erikoná
Proto-language
| Proto-Jabutí | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Yabutian languages |
Reconstructed ancestor | |
Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by van der Voort (2007):[3]
gloss Proto-Jabutí 'kind of yam' *mu(rε) 'sun' *tõhã 'moon' (*kupa) 'water (n); liquid' *miru 'LOC' *(-)tʃε 'NOM' *h. 'BENEFICIARY' (*εnɨ̃) 'classifier (skin)' *-kakə 'AUGMENTATIVE' *-tʃitʃi 'ABL' *kunĩ 'DAT' *ri 'to remove' *kokɨ 'water, liquid' (*ɨ) 'to squeeze liquid' *ɨmĩ 'needle' *pudʒi 'to hang (up), to tie (up)' *tətʃəj 'clay for making pots and dishes' *mr(.) 'INTENS.' *(-)wεhε 'container, large leaf, bag' *təkə 'bench, mat' *nĩpraj 'belly' *prika 'shell, nutshell, bug/beetle' *kakə 'tooth' *tʃo 'mouth' *tʃa-, *tʃako 'arm, branch' *tʃapa 'to play' *hãtõj 'earring' *nĩpɨkuj 'monkey species (Callithrix jacchus)' (macaco sauim) *mihi 'robust capuchin monkey' (macaco prego) *mirə 'hair on backside (?)' *kaw 'way, path' *wɪ 'field' *rɛhi 'meat; flesh' *nĩ 'classifier (meat)' *-nĩ 'tick' *tʃitʃika 'hole; classifier (hole)' *-ko 'small basket' *pupuka 'to cry/weep/sing/shout' *mõ 'to suck' *u 'to rain' *rõko 'cicada' *piti 'clear; light (n)' *praj 'snake' *mrãj 'calango (kind of lizard)' *mrãjdʒi 'lizard genus (Tupinambis)' *tʃaurə 'to cover' *hεtʃəj(to) 'to give' *ũ 'to take away, to get, to catch' *hɨ̃j 'to eat; to bite' *ku 'to eat' *pu 'pamonha (traditional food), food; classifier (pamonha, food)' *nũ 'COMITATIVE' *pakəj 'to add; COMITATIVE' *pakə 'to give orders, to command' *mətɨ̃ 'to tell, to teach' *pamo 'heart' *mə(tutu)ka 'haircut, lap/flap' *kuro 'to boil' *toto 'termite' *irε 'to heal/cure, to pray' *wi 'agouti' *təri 'finger' *nĩku 'to keep/have, to put, to stash/hide' *dʒi 'to lie (down)' (*...rãj) 'son, daughter, cub, offspring' *kraj 'son' *wikoko 'niece' *prõ 'to hurt; ill, sour/harsh, strong' *tʃomi 'to sleep' *nũtõ 'leaf, thorn; classifier (thorn)' *-nĩ 'to stretch/pull/arrange' *tə(j)təj 'liver' *mə 'cord, rope' *tʃoko 'string, cord' *tʃukə 'song/singing (?)' *tʃua 'breechcloth string' *unĩ 'tucuma palm; rope made from tucuma palm' *nũrõ 'arrow shaft' *məku 'arrow splinter' *itʃopu 'flower' *tʃawa 'tree, log, stick' *ku 'fire' *pitʃə 'ashes' *pitʃə(mrə) 'eye' *hãka(rε) 'fat, grease' *tũ(ka) 'aunt' *dʒikũ(ro) 'to put/insert; to change clothes' *tɨ̃ 'INSTR.' *nə 'to go, to walk' (*kərεj) 'tayra (weasel species)' (irara, papa-mel) *mεjmia 'older sister' *tʃuhε 'new, young' *kamu 'blackbird genera (Psarocolius)' (japu, rubixá) *(a)rimu 'jug' *məro 'pot, pan, jug' *wa 'walking palm leaf' *kumɛ̃ 'peach palm' *onɨ̃ 'kind of indigenous frame for grilling meat or fish' *kamεkə 'to grill on a jirau' *rĩ 'knee' *mε̃pε 'tongue' *nu(ku)tə(rε) 'female, mother' *dʒi 'wife' *krajdʒi 'grandmother' *kurε 'manioc' *murε 'hand' *nĩ.u 'to chew' *pa 'to kill (by blow)' *t.mr. 'worm, larva; classifier (worm)' *-rε 'young girl' *nũnɨka 'to grind' *kũ 'mosquito' *patʃĩ 'woman' *paku 'to bathe' *tʃo 'NEG; no' *tõ 'no' *mãj 'bone' *dʒi, *i 'night' *patʃitʃu 'name' *tõhĩ 'cloud' *mε̃(ko) 'ear' *nĩpɨ 'other; companion' *tʃanãj 'to hear; to know' *mə 'egg' *(.)ε̃ 'male; father' *tʃu, *tʃutʃi 'husband' *krajtʃu 'grandfather' *tʃuta 'foot' *praj 'stone' *kra 'breasts, chest' *nunɨ 'skin, leather, bark; classifier (leather, skin)' *kə 'body hair, down, hair' *kəmõ 'little' *kokə 'to throw, to lose, to drop, to spill' (*k...aj) 'to get lost' *atõ 'to weigh; heavy' *kumɨ 'neck' *poko 'peanut' *kumrε̃j 'aricuri kernel' *mətaj 'cluster of aricuri coconuts' *mətajtʃu 'Brazil nut tree' *urə 'aricuri; straw; green coconut' *urõ 'well (spring)' *kawiru 'bridge' *mirukurõ 'door' *mitʃakə 'tired' *tʃamə 'we (1pl)' *hi..., *hi- 'you (2sg/pl)' *a 'lung' *mə(ki)rɪ 'pus' *tʃu 'to burn (tr. v)' *tʃə(...) 'hot' *tʃə 'round' *ka 'classifier (round)' *-ka 'lips; spit/saliva' *tʃokə 'toad' (*.ka) 'dry' *karo 'seed, kernel' *hã 'classifier (seed, kernel)' *-hã 'to go away' *kũ 'on (top)' *tʃutʃε 'snuff, tobacco, cigarette' *padʒi 'tamanduá' (*patʃuri) 'tortoise' *mi.ku 'armadillo' *tõw 'to fear' *pɨ 'land, earth' *mĩ(ka) 'yard, square' *miku 'testicles' *nũ(.)ε̃ka 'all ('finished')' (*...tã) 'claw, nail' *nĩkətaj 'vulture' *tõtõtʃi 'deer' *kurɨj 'old' *rõjtʃi 'to see' *arã 'green' *kapɨ 'red' *nũr(ə̃)o 'to come (arrive)' *prəj 'to come back/return' *m(.)rε̃hε̃ 'to want' *iro 'fish' *minũ 'slowly' *hãt.j 'reed' *kunĩkurõ 'half' *mə 'genipap fruit' *mɪ '"right?", "isn't it?"' *nĩ 'hat' *kanũ 'Brazilian tinamou bird' (inambu relógio) *dʒui 'general term for the tinamou bird genus' *mɨkraj 'cotton' *tʃamuj 'place' *kutʃiprajka 'big cará (kind of yam)' *mutʃitʃi 'achiote' *kutʃamrəj 'to salt' *nɨ 'nettle' *nõ 'tree species (Vochysia haenkeana)' (escorrega-macaco) *hawajtε 'sticky' *kanə 'arrowleaf elephant's ear (plant)' (taioba) *m(.)rε̃ 'lamp, candle, torch; tar/pitch' *hãtjə 'sugar, cane' *mεkɨ 'to pour, to flow/run, to throw' *kuhi 'yellow' *numuj 'to stir, to row; mixture' *kotʃu 'point' *nĩnũ 'hawk' *pɨ̃jkuri 'plug for the nose' *nĩkoku 'small larva' *urɨ 'aricuri larva' *tʃanõ 'hog plum (tree)' (cajá) *urənĩ 'fish poison plant' (timbó) *tanãj 'to beat (fish poison); to knock/bring down' *prõ 'stump' *prajka 'tree species (Cecropia)' (umbaúba) *tõwkuri 'to form/shape, to weave, to draw up' *pətʃa 'ingá (tree genus)' *tʃumɨ̃ 'to bring/bear' *tə 'ripe, to ripen' *tʃu 'necklace' *m(.)rɨ̃(to)
For a list of Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by Nikulin (2020),[4] see the corresponding Portuguese article.
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gollark: aiohttp/aiosqlite plus some client-side JS code, which are all in the wonderful realm of "kind of awful but better than the alternative".
gollark: JS, Rust, JS again for some reason, Nim, Rust again, and now Python.
gollark: A specific weird set of aesthetic preferences and feature requirements.
gollark: It's for my note-taking application project, which has gone through something like 8 iterations in 4 languages.
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Jabuti". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- van der Voort, H. (2007). Proto-Jabutí: um primeiro passo na reconstrução da língua ancestral dos Arikapú e Djeoromitxí. In Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Ciências humanas) 2 (2):133-168. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
- Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.
Further reading
 |
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Jabuti reconstructions |
- Ribeiro, Eduardo & Hein van der Voort. 2010. "Nimuendajú was right: The inclusion of the Jabutí language family in the Macro-Jê stock." International Journal of American Linguistics, 76(4), pp. 517-570.
- Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: JABUTI.
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