Xukuruan languages
The Xukuruan languages are a language family proposed by Loukotka (1968) that links two extinct and poorly attested languages of eastern Brazil.[1] The languages are:
- Xukuru
- Paratió
| Xukuruan | |
|---|---|
| Shukuru | |
| Geographic distribution | Brazil |
| Linguistic classification | unclassified |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | (not evaluated) |
Loutkotka (1968) also lists the unattested Garañun (Garanhun), an extinct, undocumented language once spoken in the Serra dos Garanhuns.[1]
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Shukurú and Paratio.[1]
gloss Shukurú Paratio ear bandulák bolúdo tooth chilodé vovó man sheñupre sheñup sun kiá kiá moon klariːmon limolago earth krashishi tobacco mãzyé mazyaː
Pompeu (1958)
These word lists of language varieties from the Serra do Urubá (also known as the Serra do Arorobá or Serra do Ororubá, located in the municipality of Pesqueira, Pernambuco) are reproduced from Pompeu Sobrinho (1958).[2]
Below is a vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz in Pesqueira, Pernambuco from his informant Rodrigues de Mendonça, who was originally from the Serra do Urubá:
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)"Serra do Urubá" cabeça head kreká, kri, ká cabeça de vaca cow head kreká memêngo chapéu hat kriákugo, kriá chuva rain kraxixi comida food kringó comida boa good food kringó konengo cachaça cachaça (liquor) irínka bom, boa good konengo chefe, mais velho boss, older taióp deus God tupá faca grande big knife xaníko faca pequena small knife saquarék homem man xiakrók homem branco white man karé homem índio Indian man xenunpe homem defeituoso deformed man jajú fome hunger xurák inimigo enemy aredirí ir embora go away nuntógo mulher woman krippó milho corn xigó nevoeiro fog batukin lua moon limolago sol sun oraci pedra stone krá pedra (em cima da terra) stone (on top of the earth) krá xixí pé foot poiá defeito defect guxú pé defeituoso defective foot poiá guxú ruim bad aguá, pigó homem branco ruim bad white man karé aguá homem branco bom good white man karé konengo O inimigo vem aí. The enemy is coming. arediri arediri
Vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz from his informant Pedro Rodrigues, who was originally from the sitio of Gitó in the Serra do Urubá:
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Gitó variety aguardente aguardente (liquor) orinka aldeiamento village taiopo maritáro arco (arma) bow (weapon) tamaingú, temaigú carne meat inxi, ixi fome hunger xurák negro (homem) black (man) taká cabra goat krexkuák jãtarinta negra black taká jipu onça jaguar jetôme raça, tribo race, tribe xekurú marinheiro (estrangeiro) sailor (foreigner) karé irut carne meat inxin comedor de carne meat eater inzin aragogú mentiroso liar jupegúgo lua moon limolágo sol sun orací deus God tupá Nossa Senhora Our Lady (Virgin Mary) Tamaipí
Vocabulary collected by José Joaquim in Rio Branco, Pernambuco of a language spoken in the Serra do Urubá:
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)"Serra do Urubá" bom dia good morning degómen cacete club kirí, quirí cabeça head krêkió batata potato baká, koxó altar altar oiô canela (tíbia) cinnamon; tibia gatí canela fina fine cinnamon gatirí cachaça cachaça (liquor) urínka ? ? urinka karóba mão hand kêerakê dedo finger atirí, tirí nariz nose korõzó espiga (milho) ear (of corn) tók, tóque fumo, tabaco smoke, tobacco mãjá Como vai? How are you? adeusá livro book quatirá fino thin irí longe far tigí ir embora go away ombêira livrar-se get rid of muntógo feijão bean jejá cara, rosto face nãí cara feia ugly face naiogo negro (homem) black (man) taka olhar look antiá pano cloth mití (?) pano velho (farrapo) old cloth (rag) takó mandioca ou macaxeira cassava or manioc xaká milho corn xigó vertir pour, spill tadí roupa clothes kunãgo roupa nova new clothes tiliká roupa velha old clothes takó girau turned koiá livro book katirá, quatirá tamboeira (de milho) poorly sprouted corn boró tiga espiga de milho corn cob tiga gugá
References
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.