Matacoan languages
Matacoan (also Mataguayan, Matákoan, Mataguayo, Mataco–Mataguayo, Matacoano, Matacoana) is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia.
Matákoan | |
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Mataguayo | |
Geographic distribution | Amazon |
Linguistic classification | Mataco–Guaicuru ?
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Glottolog | mata1289[1] |
Family division
Matacoan consists of four clusters of languages. Gordon (2005) in Ethnologue divides Wichí into three separate languages and Chorote into two languages.
- Wichí (also known as Mataco, Wichi, Wichí Lhamtés, Weenhayek, Noctenes, Matahuayo, Matako, Weʃwo. The name Mataco is common but pejorative.)
- Vejoz (also known as Vejo, Pilcomayo, Bermejo, Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz)
- Noktén (also known as Noctén, Wichí Lhamtés Nocten)
- Wiznay (also known as Güisnay, Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay)
- Matawayo (also known as Matahuayo).
- Chorote (also known as Chorotí, Yofúaha, Tsoloti)
- Manhui (also known as Manjuy, Iyo’wujwa Chorote)
- Eklenhui (also known as Eclenjuy, Eklehui, Iyojwa’ja Chorote, Chorote, Choroti).
- Nivaclé (also known as Chulupí–Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Ajlujlay, Alhulhai, Niwaklé, Niwaqli, Churupi, Chulupe. The name Chulupí is common but pejorative.)
- Forest Nivaclé
- River Nivaclé
- Maká (also known as Macá, Maca, Towolhi, Toothle, Nynaka, Mak’á, Enimaca, Enimaga)
- Ma’ká (also known as Towolhi)
- Enimaga (also known as Enimaa, Kochaboth)
Mason (1950)
Internal classification by Mason (1950):[2]
- Mataco-Maca
- Mataco
- Mataco-Mataguayo
- Mataco
- Guisnay
- Nocten (Octenai)
- Mataguayo
- Northern: Hueshuo, Pesatupe, Abucheta
- Southern: Vejoz
- Mataco
- Chorotí-Ashluslay
- Chorotí (Yofuaha)
- Ashluslay (Chulupí, Chonopí, Sukin, Sotiagay, Tapieté)
- Mataco-Mataguayo
- Macá (Enimagá, Cochaboth, Guaná, Lengua)
- Enimagá
- Macá (Towothli, Toosle)
- Guentusé
- Cochaboth-Lengua
- Enimagá
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Matacoan languages.[3]
gloss | Choroti | Choropí | Suhín | Sotsiagay | Ashlusláy | Mataco | Vejoz | Nocten | Guisnai | Enimaga | Makká |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
head | sétek | satík | shutich | shatish | nu-xleték | litek | etek | oːn-sleták | in-hitla | ||
tooth | sá-hue | huetseːute | tsaute | seuté | no-tsoté | no-chete | zoté | oːs-totéʔi | kon-xeti | ||
water | inát | naːʔate | inaat | inaːat | inát | inót | guag | inat | inát | gualé | iwalü |
fire | houat | itox | itox | itox | itóx | itóx | itag | ütax | etáx | feit | fat |
sun | kilé | nʔkoklái | hankuklai | fünchokʔlaai | fingoklai | xuála | ixuala | ixuala | ixuála | tátla | xunnu |
moon | huelä | xuékla | hiuerkla | xiwekla | huela | ihuälä | iguelach | iguelä | ivaʔedla | xuwãl | |
star | katés | katés | katéss | katís | katäs | katés | ketes | foʔoteki | |||
dog | nóo | nuuːx | niuʔux | niuʔux | níu | sidnóx | signag | esinax | atsüná | nunnax | |
jaguar | ayä | yaáx | yáox | yáʔox | iyox | haiyüx | yag | eyax | haróx | kometenax | |
black | lämi | klím | klim | lim | palüx | pelag | peláx | fo |
Proto-language
For a reconstruction of Proto-Mataguayo by Viegas Barros (2002),[4] see the corresponding Spanish article.
gollark: Use an existing image editor and screen sharing thing at the same time?
gollark: Given that nobody is really sure how consciousness works (or, well, lots of people seem to be sure, but they disagree with each other and there isn't really empirical evidence).
gollark: As of now, it is not possible to actually check this.
gollark: "Trueness"?
gollark: What exactly is the match rate of just randomly encountering people? Probably lower.
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Matacoan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- Viegas Barros, Pedro. 2002. Fonología del Proto-Mataguayo: Las fricativas dorsales. Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sérgio Meira & Hein van der Voort (eds.), Current Studies on South American Languages [Indigenous Languages of Latin America, 3], p. 137-148. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS).
Bibliography
- Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Fabre, Alain (2005) Los Mataguayo (Online version: http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Mataguayo.pdf)
External links
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Mataguayo reconstructions |
- Proel: Familia matákoan
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