Charruan languages
The Charruan languages are a group of languages once spoken in Uruguay and the Argentine province of Entre Ríos. In 2005 a semi-speaker of Chaná language was found.[2]
| Charruan | |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Charrúa people |
| Geographic distribution | Uruguay and Entre Ríos Province, Argentina |
| Linguistic classification | Lule–Vilela–Mataco–Guaicuru
|
| Subdivisions |
Yañá NBEUÁ |
| Glottolog | char1238[1] |
 Pre-contact distribution of the Charruan languages | |
Genetic relations
Jorge Suárez includes Charruan with Guaicuruan in a hypothetical Waikuru-Charrúa stock. Morris Swadesh includes Charruan along with Guaicuruan, Matacoan, and Mascoyan within his Macro-Mapuche stock. Both proposals appear to be obsolete.
Languages
Four languages are considered to definitively belong to the Charruan language family, basically Chañá (Lanték), Nbeuá, Charrúa and Guenoa.[3]
- Chaná
- Lanték YAÑÁ (proper name of Chaná language)
- Yañá NBEUÁ (the wrongly named "Mbeguá", "Beguá", "Chaná-Beguá", etc.)
- Yañá NTIMPÚC (the wrongly named "Timbúes", "Chaná TImbúes", "Timbó", "Chaná timbó", etc.)
- Charrúa
- Güenoa
A number of unattested languages are also presumed to belong to the Charruan family:[3]
- Bohane – spoken near Maldonado, or Salto, in Uruguay
- Calchine – spoken in Santa Fe Province, Argentina, along the Salado River
- Caracañá – spoken along the Caracañá River, Santa Fe
- Chaná-Mbegua or Begua – spoken on the Paraná River between Crespo and Victoria
- Colastiné – spoken in Santa Fe Province near Colastiné
- Corondá – spoken in Coronda, Santa Fe Province
- Guaiquiaré – spoken in Entre Ríos on the Arroyo Guaiquiraré
- Mocoreta or Macurendá or Mocolete – spoken along the Mocoretá River in Entre Ríos Province
- Pairindi – spoken in Entre Ríos from Corrientes to the Feliciano River
- Timbu – spoken in Gaboto, Santa Fe Province
- Yaro – spoken in Uruguay between the Río Negro and the San Salvador River
Vocabulary comparison
The Charruan languages are poorly attested. However, sufficient vocabulary has been gathered for the languages to be compared:[3][4]
| English | Charrua | Chaná | Güenoa |
|---|---|---|---|
| me | m' | mi-tí | hum |
| you | m' | mutí /em/ baté | m |
| we | rampti/ am-ptí | rambuí | |
| eye | i-hou | ocál | |
| ear | i-mau / i-man | timó | |
| mouth | ej | hek / obá | |
| hand | guar | nam | |
| foot / toe | atit | eté | |
| water | hué | atá | |
| sun | dioi | ||
| dog | lohán | agó | |
| white | huok | ||
| one | yú | u-gil / ngui | yut |
| two | sam | usan / amá | |
| three | detí / datit | detit / heít | detit |
| know | sepé | seker | |
| good / nice | bilú | oblí / oblé | |
| brother/sister | inchalá | nchalá | |
| friend | huamá | uamá | |
| why? / how? | retám | retanle* | |
| who? | ua-reté | ||
| past (suf.) | ndau / nden | edam |
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Charruan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- La Nación, "Investigan los orígenes de una extraña lengua indígena" 2005/July/01
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968), Classification of South American Indian Languages, Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center
- This comparison table is a revision by Br. José Damián Torko Gómez, base on the J.C. Sábat Pébet and J.J. Figueira compilation of all terms known of the "uruguayan" aboriginal languages.- Source: https://www.estudioshistoricos-en.edu.uy/assets/080-boletín-histórico-nº-120---123---año-1969.pdf%5B%5D