Yabutian languages
The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages of southern Rondônia, Brazil, namely Arikapú (Maxubí) and Djeoromitxi (Yabutí/Jabotí). They are members of the Macro-Je language family.
| Yabutian | |
|---|---|
| Jabutian | |
| Geographic distribution | Rondônia, Brazil |
| Linguistic classification | Macro-Gê
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | jabu1249[1] |
 | |
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Yabutian language varieties.[2]
gloss Yabutí Aricapú Mashubi one nichi owá two yämbo krokro three kamekü ear hi-nĩpí chi-nipoaró chi-nipuré tooth hi-dö shi-shakriá maishambishi hand hi-nikú chi-nuhu chi-nikaimu woman páko pakohä chininika water bzirú bi yú fire pichä pikö piku sun tõhõ töhã tadzyó maize tsitsi chichi kokoví tapir huá nowö chimoré house híkö arikó erikoná
Proto-language
| Proto-Jabutí | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Yabutian languages |
Reconstructed ancestor | |
Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by van der Voort (2007):[3]
gloss Proto-Jabutí 'kind of yam' *mu(rε) 'sun' *tõhã 'moon' (*kupa) 'water (n); liquid' *miru 'LOC' *(-)tʃε 'NOM' *h. 'BENEFICIARY' (*εnɨ̃) 'classifier (skin)' *-kakə 'AUGMENTATIVE' *-tʃitʃi 'ABL' *kunĩ 'DAT' *ri 'to remove' *kokɨ 'water, liquid' (*ɨ) 'to squeeze liquid' *ɨmĩ 'needle' *pudʒi 'to hang (up), to tie (up)' *tətʃəj 'clay for making pots and dishes' *mr(.) 'INTENS.' *(-)wεhε 'container, large leaf, bag' *təkə 'bench, mat' *nĩpraj 'belly' *prika 'shell, nutshell, bug/beetle' *kakə 'tooth' *tʃo 'mouth' *tʃa-, *tʃako 'arm, branch' *tʃapa 'to play' *hãtõj 'earring' *nĩpɨkuj 'monkey species (Callithrix jacchus)' (macaco sauim) *mihi 'robust capuchin monkey' (macaco prego) *mirə 'hair on backside (?)' *kaw 'way, path' *wɪ 'field' *rɛhi 'meat; flesh' *nĩ 'classifier (meat)' *-nĩ 'tick' *tʃitʃika 'hole; classifier (hole)' *-ko 'small basket' *pupuka 'to cry/weep/sing/shout' *mõ 'to suck' *u 'to rain' *rõko 'cicada' *piti 'clear; light (n)' *praj 'snake' *mrãj 'calango (kind of lizard)' *mrãjdʒi 'lizard genus (Tupinambis)' *tʃaurə 'to cover' *hεtʃəj(to) 'to give' *ũ 'to take away, to get, to catch' *hɨ̃j 'to eat; to bite' *ku 'to eat' *pu 'pamonha (traditional food), food; classifier (pamonha, food)' *nũ 'COMITATIVE' *pakəj 'to add; COMITATIVE' *pakə 'to give orders, to command' *mətɨ̃ 'to tell, to teach' *pamo 'heart' *mə(tutu)ka 'haircut, lap/flap' *kuro 'to boil' *toto 'termite' *irε 'to heal/cure, to pray' *wi 'agouti' *təri 'finger' *nĩku 'to keep/have, to put, to stash/hide' *dʒi 'to lie (down)' (*...rãj) 'son, daughter, cub, offspring' *kraj 'son' *wikoko 'niece' *prõ 'to hurt; ill, sour/harsh, strong' *tʃomi 'to sleep' *nũtõ 'leaf, thorn; classifier (thorn)' *-nĩ 'to stretch/pull/arrange' *tə(j)təj 'liver' *mə 'cord, rope' *tʃoko 'string, cord' *tʃukə 'song/singing (?)' *tʃua 'breechcloth string' *unĩ 'tucuma palm; rope made from tucuma palm' *nũrõ 'arrow shaft' *məku 'arrow splinter' *itʃopu 'flower' *tʃawa 'tree, log, stick' *ku 'fire' *pitʃə 'ashes' *pitʃə(mrə) 'eye' *hãka(rε) 'fat, grease' *tũ(ka) 'aunt' *dʒikũ(ro) 'to put/insert; to change clothes' *tɨ̃ 'INSTR.' *nə 'to go, to walk' (*kərεj) 'tayra (weasel species)' (irara, papa-mel) *mεjmia 'older sister' *tʃuhε 'new, young' *kamu 'blackbird genera (Psarocolius)' (japu, rubixá) *(a)rimu 'jug' *məro 'pot, pan, jug' *wa 'walking palm leaf' *kumɛ̃ 'peach palm' *onɨ̃ 'kind of indigenous frame for grilling meat or fish' *kamεkə 'to grill on a jirau' *rĩ 'knee' *mε̃pε 'tongue' *nu(ku)tə(rε) 'female, mother' *dʒi 'wife' *krajdʒi 'grandmother' *kurε 'manioc' *murε 'hand' *nĩ.u 'to chew' *pa 'to kill (by blow)' *t.mr. 'worm, larva; classifier (worm)' *-rε 'young girl' *nũnɨka 'to grind' *kũ 'mosquito' *patʃĩ 'woman' *paku 'to bathe' *tʃo 'NEG; no' *tõ 'no' *mãj 'bone' *dʒi, *i 'night' *patʃitʃu 'name' *tõhĩ 'cloud' *mε̃(ko) 'ear' *nĩpɨ 'other; companion' *tʃanãj 'to hear; to know' *mə 'egg' *(.)ε̃ 'male; father' *tʃu, *tʃutʃi 'husband' *krajtʃu 'grandfather' *tʃuta 'foot' *praj 'stone' *kra 'breasts, chest' *nunɨ 'skin, leather, bark; classifier (leather, skin)' *kə 'body hair, down, hair' *kəmõ 'little' *kokə 'to throw, to lose, to drop, to spill' (*k...aj) 'to get lost' *atõ 'to weigh; heavy' *kumɨ 'neck' *poko 'peanut' *kumrε̃j 'aricuri kernel' *mətaj 'cluster of aricuri coconuts' *mətajtʃu 'Brazil nut tree' *urə 'aricuri; straw; green coconut' *urõ 'well (spring)' *kawiru 'bridge' *mirukurõ 'door' *mitʃakə 'tired' *tʃamə 'we (1pl)' *hi..., *hi- 'you (2sg/pl)' *a 'lung' *mə(ki)rɪ 'pus' *tʃu 'to burn (tr. v)' *tʃə(...) 'hot' *tʃə 'round' *ka 'classifier (round)' *-ka 'lips; spit/saliva' *tʃokə 'toad' (*.ka) 'dry' *karo 'seed, kernel' *hã 'classifier (seed, kernel)' *-hã 'to go away' *kũ 'on (top)' *tʃutʃε 'snuff, tobacco, cigarette' *padʒi 'tamanduá' (*patʃuri) 'tortoise' *mi.ku 'armadillo' *tõw 'to fear' *pɨ 'land, earth' *mĩ(ka) 'yard, square' *miku 'testicles' *nũ(.)ε̃ka 'all ('finished')' (*...tã) 'claw, nail' *nĩkətaj 'vulture' *tõtõtʃi 'deer' *kurɨj 'old' *rõjtʃi 'to see' *arã 'green' *kapɨ 'red' *nũr(ə̃)o 'to come (arrive)' *prəj 'to come back/return' *m(.)rε̃hε̃ 'to want' *iro 'fish' *minũ 'slowly' *hãt.j 'reed' *kunĩkurõ 'half' *mə 'genipap fruit' *mɪ '"right?", "isn't it?"' *nĩ 'hat' *kanũ 'Brazilian tinamou bird' (inambu relógio) *dʒui 'general term for the tinamou bird genus' *mɨkraj 'cotton' *tʃamuj 'place' *kutʃiprajka 'big cará (kind of yam)' *mutʃitʃi 'achiote' *kutʃamrəj 'to salt' *nɨ 'nettle' *nõ 'tree species (Vochysia haenkeana)' (escorrega-macaco) *hawajtε 'sticky' *kanə 'arrowleaf elephant's ear (plant)' (taioba) *m(.)rε̃ 'lamp, candle, torch; tar/pitch' *hãtjə 'sugar, cane' *mεkɨ 'to pour, to flow/run, to throw' *kuhi 'yellow' *numuj 'to stir, to row; mixture' *kotʃu 'point' *nĩnũ 'hawk' *pɨ̃jkuri 'plug for the nose' *nĩkoku 'small larva' *urɨ 'aricuri larva' *tʃanõ 'hog plum (tree)' (cajá) *urənĩ 'fish poison plant' (timbó) *tanãj 'to beat (fish poison); to knock/bring down' *prõ 'stump' *prajka 'tree species (Cecropia)' (umbaúba) *tõwkuri 'to form/shape, to weave, to draw up' *pətʃa 'ingá (tree genus)' *tʃumɨ̃ 'to bring/bear' *tə 'ripe, to ripen' *tʃu 'necklace' *m(.)rɨ̃(to)
For a list of Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by Nikulin (2020),[4] see the corresponding Portuguese article.
gollark: And just randomly tries different things until I say that they look less wrong.
gollark: Oh, and he is apparently entirely incapable of generalization or remembering things from more than 15 seconds ago.
gollark: He doesn't understand some things, which is fine I guess, but he also doesn't seem to understand the things he needs to understand to understand those things either, and seems to think he's done with things when the arbitrary computer marking thing™ says so even when it's repeatedly blatantly wrong, and wants me to just give him answers so he'll apparently learn from them.
gollark: Trying to explain "algebraic proof" to Zachary is so intensely frustrating.
gollark: I don't think that's right either.
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Jabuti". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- van der Voort, H. (2007). Proto-Jabutí: um primeiro passo na reconstrução da língua ancestral dos Arikapú e Djeoromitxí. In Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Ciências humanas) 2 (2):133-168. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
- Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.
Further reading
 |
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Jabuti reconstructions |
- Ribeiro, Eduardo & Hein van der Voort. 2010. "Nimuendajú was right: The inclusion of the Jabutí language family in the Macro-Jê stock." International Journal of American Linguistics, 76(4), pp. 517-570.
- Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: JABUTI.
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