Jing-Jin-Ji

The Jingjinji Metropolitan Region or Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ),[lower-alpha 1] also known as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BJ-TJ-HB) and as the Capital Economic Zone, is the National Capital Region of the People's Republic of China. It is the biggest urbanized megalopolis region in North China. It includes an economic region surrounding the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, along the coast of the Bohai Sea.[2] This emerging region is rising as a northern metropolitan region rivaling the Pearl River Delta in the south and the Yangtze River Delta in the east. In 2016 Jingjinji had a total population of 112 million people[3] and was as populated as Guangdong, the most populous province of China.

Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ)

京津冀城市群
Megalopolis
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHebei
MunicipalitiesBeijing
Tianjin
Major Prefectural CitiesBaoding
Shijiazhuang
Tangshan
Cangzhou
Langfang
Zhangjiakou
Chengde
Qinhuangdao
Government
 • Mayor of BeijingChen Jining
 • Mayor of TianjinZhang Guoqing
 • Governor of HebeiXu Qin
Area
 • Total217,156 km2 (83,844 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total112 million
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)

Economy

In 2019, Jingjinji produced around 8% (US$1.2 trillion or US$2.4 trillion in PPP) of China's GDP or about the same size as Mexico,[4] occupying an area about twice the size of South Korea.[5] Jingjinji has traditionally been involved in heavy industries and manufacturing. Tianjin's strengths have always been in aviation, logistics and shipping. Beijing complements this economic activity with strong petrochemical, education and R&D industries. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster for automobile, electronics, petrochemical sectors, automotive industry, software and aircraft, also attracting foreign investments in manufacturing and health services.[6][7]

The Chinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced communications network, better highways, increased education and scientific resources as well as tapping natural resources off the Bohai rim.[8] In 2016, the Central Government approved a US$36-billion plan to link the various cities making up this metropolis by rail in order to reduce commute times and to better integrate them. This plan includes the construction of nine railways that are 1,100 km (680 mi) in length that are to be completed by 2020.[5] The long-term goal is to create a one-hour commuting region; an additional 24 intercity railways are planned to be built before 2050.[9]

In recent decades, petroleum and natural gas deposits have been discovered in the Jingjinji region's coast of the Bohai sea.

Metropolitan areas
Metropolitan areaChineseCitiesUrban population
Beijing metropolitan area 北京城市圈
Běijīng Chéngshì Quān		 Beijing, Huairou, Miyun, Pinggu, Yanqing 16,858,692
Tianjin metropolitan area 天津城市圈
Tiānjīn Chéngshì Quān		 Tianjin, Binhai, Baodi, Jinghai, Jizhou, Ninghe 10,277,893
Shijiazhuang metropolitan area 石家庄城市圈
Shíjiāzhuāng Chéngshì Quān		 Shijiazhuang, Jinzhou, Xinji, Xinle 3,823,504
Baoding-Xiong'an metropolitan area 保定雄安城市圈
Bǎodìng-Xióng'ān Chéngshì Quān		 Baoding, Xiong'an, Anguo,
Dingzhou, Gaobeidian, Zhuozhou		 3,056,000
Tangshan metropolitan area 唐山城市圈
Tángshān Chéngshì Quān		 Tangshan 2,237,317

Major cities

Jingjinji includes the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces. Major cities in these municipalities and provinces include:

CityPinyinPopulation (2010)ImageInformationCity Map
Beijing
北京		 Běijīng 19,612,368 Beijing is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China. Beijing is governed as a municipality under direct administration of the central government. Beijing is China's second largest city after Shanghai, with more than 17 million people in Beijing's jurisdiction.
Tianjin
天津		 Tiānjīn 12,938,224 The third largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that have provincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government. Its urban land area is the third largest in China, ranked only after Beijing and Shanghai.
Baoding
保定		 Bǎodìng 10,029,197 Baoding is the third largest city in Hebei Province, ranked after Shijiazhuang and Tangshan. The city is located in the center of Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Economic Triangle, with good transportation connections and commute distance to its nearby major cities. The newly-established Xiong'an New Area, which aims to be a high-tech, environmentally sustainable modern metropolis and serves as a new hub for some administration departments. Logistics bases in northern China are within the city limits of Baoding.[10]
Shijiazhuang
石家庄		 Shíjiāzhuāng 9,547,869 Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei, as well as the third largest city in Jingjinji, after Beijing and Tianjin.
Tangshan
唐山		 Tángshān 7,577,284 Tangshan, a coastal city along the Bohai Bay and neighboring Tianjin, is the second largest city in Hebei, after Shijiazhuang. It is also known for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.
Cangzhou
沧州		 Cāngzhōu 7,134,053 A city in south-east Hebei on the coast of the Bohai Sea coast. It borders Tianjin to the north.
Langfang
廊坊		 Lángfāng 4,358,839 Langfang is located between Beijing and Tianjin and contains the Sanhe exclave, which is separate from the rest of Hebei.
Zhangjiakou
张家口		 Zhāngjiākǒu 4,345,491 A city in north-west Hebei. It borders Beijing to the southeast.
Chengde
承德		 Chéngdé 3,473,197 A city in north-east Hebei, best known for the Chengde Mountain Resort.

Transportation

Air

Major airports

Regional airports

Road

There are many major highways servicing the routes within Jingjinji area. This includes the following expressways:

The following six China National Highways pass through Tianjin:

High-speed rail

Intercity high-speed rail lines

Other high-speed rail lines

High-speed rail lines planned or under construction

Suburban railway

Metro systems

Light rail
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See also

Notes
  1. Jīng (京), Jīn (津), and Jì (冀) are the common abbreviations for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively.

References
  1. Preen, Mark (2018-04-26). "The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Plan". China Briefing News. Retrieved 2019-10-11.Preen, Mark (2018-04-26). "The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Plan". China Briefing News. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  2. Johnson, Ian (July 19, 2015). "In China, a Supercity Rises Around Beijing". New York Times.
  3. "National Data". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-11-17.
  4. "National Data". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-11-17.
  5. "China approves $36-billion railway plan for Jing-Jin-Ji megacity". Business News. Reuters. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  6. Regional Definition: Bohai Sea Archived 2006-09-30 at the Library of Congress Web Archives Unep.Org Retrieved 2010-01-09
  7. Tianjin at a Glance Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine uschina.org Retrieved 2010-01-09
  8. Gain a strategic advantage in the Bohai Bay region sdic.com.cn 2007-06-11 Retrieved 2010-01-16
  9. Baculinao, Eric (March 25, 2017). "Jing-Jin-Ji: China Planning Megalopolis the Size of New England". World. NBC News. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  10. "Xiong'an, China's Newest Special Economic Zone - CKGSB Knowledge". knowledge.ckgsb.edu.cn. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
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