Fangshan District

Fangshan District (simplified Chinese: 房山区; traditional Chinese: 房山區; pinyin: Fángshān Qū) is situated in the southwest of Beijing, 38 km (24 mi) away from downtown Beijing. It has an area of 2,019 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and a population of 814,367 (2000 Census). The district is divided into 8 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 6 townships.

Fangshan

房山区
District
Yanshan Petrochemical Plant
Location of Fangshan District in Beijing
Coordinates (Fangshan government): 39°44′56″N 116°08′36″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
MunicipalityBeijing
Township-level divisions8 subdistricts
14 towns
6 townships
Area
 • Total2,019 km2 (780 sq mi)
Population
 (2000)
 • Total814,367
 • Density400/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Area code(s)010
Websitewww.bjfsh.gov.cn

Administration

The district administers 8 subdistricts (with 4 subdistricts under Yanshan "area"), 14 towns with 3 towns of which carry the "area" (地区) label, and 6 townships:[1][2]

NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinPopulation (2010)[3]Area (km2)
Gongchen Subdistrict拱辰街道Gǒngchén Jiēdào132,32024.70
Chengguan Subdistrict城关街道Chéngguān Jiēdào96,24351.00
Xinzhen Subdistrict新镇街道Xīnzhèn Jiēdào8,8421.72
Xilu Subdistrict西潞街道Xīlù Jiēdào64,75710.40
Yanshan Area
燕山地区
Yànshān Dìqū		Xiangyang Subdistrict向阳街道Xiàngyáng Jiēdào8,569116.00
Dongfeng Subdistrict东风街道Dōngfēng Jiēdào24,3211.40
Yingfeng Subdistrict迎风街道Yíngfēng Jiēdào31,29313.00
Xingcheng Subdistrict星城街道Xīngchéng Jiēdào21,8610.21
Liangxiang (town) Area良乡(镇)地区Liángxiāng (Zhèn) Dìqū18,97833.90
Zhoukoudian (town) Area周口店(镇)地区Zhōukǒudiàn (Zhèn) Dìqū42,840126.00
Liulihe (town) Area琉璃河(镇)地区Liúlíhé (Zhèn) Dìqū59,931104.00
Yancun town阎村镇Yáncūn Zhèn48,77348.00
Doudian town窦店镇Dòudiàn Zhèn65,57464.58
Shilou town石楼镇Shílóu Zhèn28,90242.50
Changyang town长阳镇Zhǎngyáng Zhèn64,99698.60
Hebei town河北镇Héběi Zhèn19,87770.00
Changgou town长沟镇Zhǎnggōu Zhèn23,79138.70
Dashiwo town大石窝镇Dàshíwō Zhèn31,13996.00
Zhangfang town张坊镇Zhāngfāng Zhèn18,446152.40
Shidu town十渡镇Shídù Zhèn9,778301.00
Qinglonghu town青龙湖镇Qīnglónghú Zhèn44,59895.83
Hancunhe town韩村河镇Háncūnhé Zhèn39,210100.67
Xiayunling Township霞云岭乡Xiáyúnlǐng Xiāng7,140218.00
Nanjiao Township南窖乡Nánjiào Xiāng3,73940.00
Fozizhuang Township佛子庄乡Fúzizhuāng Xiāng8,925150.06
Da'anshan Township大安山乡Dà'ānshān Xiāng11,21770.00
Shijiaying Township史家营乡Shǐjiāyíng Xiāng6,300110.00
Puwa Township蒲洼乡Púwā Xiāng2,47296.00

Demography and geography
Chinese stone inscription of a Nestorian Christian Cross from a monastery of Fangshan District in Beijing (then called Dadu, or Khanbaliq), dated to the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD) of medieval China.

The Subdistrict area of Fangshan (population 187,667) contains an urban area, has an area of 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi) and an estimated population of 200,000. Other major urban areas are Liangxiang (population estimate 110,000, 93,486 in township), Zhoukoudian (35,000, 39,877 in township), Doudian (30,000, 25,046 in township), and Liulihe (22,000, 37,936 in township).[4]

Fangshan is situated to the east of the Taihang Mountains. The east and south of the district is a fertile plain, with a narrow hilly area running from northeast to southwest. The district has many rivers and lakes; the Juma River, Dashi River, Yongding River, and Xiaoqing River run through the district, assuring abundant water resources.

The location, climate and environment provide good conditions for agriculture. The district produces wheat, rice and various high quality fruits as well as large quantities of animal products. At the moment large investments are made for greenhouse production.

Transportation and telecommunication

Jingguang railway and Jingyuan railway cross the district. In addition, the district is serviced by 4 branch railways and 24 railway stations. Jingshi Expressway also goes through the district. The four main roads are the Jing-Zhou, Jing-Bao, Jing-Yuan, Jing-Liang roads, with branch roads to townships and villages. The total length of roads is up to 1,800 km (1,100 mi). Tanggu Port is only 180 km (110 mi) distant. The programme-controlled telephone capacity supports 128,000 phone sets.

Metro

Fangshan is currently served by two metro lines operated by Beijing Subway:

Suburban railway

Fangshan is also served by one suburban railway line:

Economy

In 2017,the regional GDP of the district is 68.17 billion yuan,[5] with GDP per capita at 59.1 thousand yuan.

Historical monuments
The rugged karst landscape at Shidu.

Fangshan district has a long history and many ancient sites. Best known is Zhoukoudian, location of the “Peking Man Site”, which has gained Fangshan the name of “Home of the Dragon”. The 3,000-year-old ruins of the Liulihe Site are housed in the Western Zhou Yan State Capital Museum. The famous Buddhist shrine of Yunju Temple has precious Buddhist relics, including “Sakyamuni’s Bone” and 14,278 stone slabs with sculpted Buddhist sutras. There are also the remains of the Christian (Jingjiao) Monastery of the Cross from the Yuan dynasty. There are many ancient towers, temples, town sites and other sites in Fangshan. Fangshan also has many scenic spots like Shidu’s karst landscape, the unique Stoneflower Cave and natural ancient forests in Shangfang Mountains. Ecologically, Fangshan has 554 kinds of wild plant and 22 kinds of wild animal.

Mineral resources

Fangshan has 2.1 billion tons of coal reserves, which makes it a veritable “coal storehouse” in the west of Beijing; building materials resources are also present in a variety of large deposits. Marble deposits total 450 million cubic meters. A total of 17 kinds have been developed, including “Chinese white marble”, “pink”, “rosy cloud”, and “black jade”. In particular, “Chinese white marble” is famous worldwide and is regarded as a national treasure. There are also large deposits of quartzite (29 million tons); silica (28.6 million tons), granite and buhrstone, in addition to argil, mineral water and slab stones.

Education

Industry and agriculture
Liao Dynasty (907−1125) furniture excavated from an underground palace in Fangshan District of Beijing

Both industry and agriculture are well developed in Fangshan. Over 2300 enterprises owned by the district, townships or villages have been set up and form a complete industrial system in a variety of trades, with different grades and many kinds of products. Yanshan Petrochemical Group, one of the largest state-owned enterprises in China, is located in Fangshan District. Agriculture has developed from traditional growing and planting to integrated and full development in forestry, livestock, greenhouse horticulture and fishery. The building industry has become the backbone of the district, with annual building area reaching 6 million square meters.

The foreign-oriented economy of Fangshan has developed rapidly in recent years. By 1999, the District government had approved 345 foreign-invested enterprises. Over 20 countries and territories throughout five continents are represented. There are 100 export-oriented enterprises producing over 40 kinds of product. Liangxiang Satellite Town, approved by Beijing Municipal Government, has become a new hub of development. In 1998, the site of Fangshan People’s Government moved to Liangxiang, making it the district's center of politics, economics and culture. The development Zone of Liangxiang extends favorable policies to business. Under the Ninth Five-Year Plan and Ten-year Outline, the zone will be further opened to the outside and encourage foreign investment in the following industries: electricity, machinery and electronics, instruments, textiles, printing, new building materials, new materials, new energy resources, fine chemicals, food processing, flowers, greenhouse vegetables, tourist facilities, commercial facilities and the animal industry. The zone welcomes overseas Chinese and guests from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and other countries.

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References
  1. These towns are officially classified as subdistricts, but as they coincide with the area of the same name, they are commonly named "areas" (地区)
  2. 2011年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：房山区 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 2013-05-25. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
  3. Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  4. Bowman, Harry (2007-02-01). "Harry's World Atlas: China (CN) Beijing Metropolitan Province". Harrysworldatlas.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  5. "Regional Yearbook of Beijing,2018"
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