Langfang

Langfang (Chinese: 廊坊), is a prefecture-level city of Hebei Province, which was known as Tianjin Prefecture until 1973. It was renamed Langfang Prefecture after Tianjin became a municipality and finally upgraded into a prefecture-level city in 1988. Langfang is located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin. At the 2010 census, the population of Langfang was 4,358,839, of whom 868,066 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Guangyang and Anci districts;[2] its total area is around 6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi). Langfang borders Baoding to the southwest, Cangzhou to the south (both prefecture-level cities of Hebei), Beijing to the north and Tianjin to the east. Sanhe City and Dachang Hui County are now conurbated with Beijing, so that they form part of the same built-up area. Langfang is the smallest prefecture-level city of Hebei Province by land area.

Not to be confused with Lanfang Republic.
For other uses, see Langfang (disambiguation).
Langfang

廊坊市
Prefecture-level city
Clockwise from the top: Mingtang Hot Spring Resort, Jingkelong, Downtown Langfang at night, Oriental University City, Beijing Daxing International Airport
Location of Langfang City jurisdiction in Hebei
Langfang
Location of the city centre in Hebei
Langfang
Langfang (North China Plain)
Langfang
Langfang (China)
Coordinates (Langfang municipal government): 39°32′18″N 116°41′01″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHebei
Settled1948
EstablishedSeptember 13, 1988
Municipal seatGuangyang District
Area
 • Prefecture-level city6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi)
 • Urban292.00 km2 (112.74 sq mi)
 • Districts[1]960.0 km2 (370.7 sq mi)
Population
 • Prefecture-level city4,358,839
 • Density680/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
 • Urban572,000
 • Urban density2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi)
 • Districts[1]
1,058,000
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 codeCN-HE-10
License Plate Prefix冀R
Websitelf.gov.cn
Langfang
Simplified Chinese廊坊
Literal meaning"assistant minister's dwelling"

Administrative divisions

Langfang consists of 2 county-level districts, 2 county-level cities, 5 counties, 1 autonomous county, and one economic development zone (开发区).

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2004 est.)		 Area (km²) Density (/km²)
Anci District 安次区 Āncì Qū 350,000 595 588
Guangyang District 广阳区 Guǎngyáng Qū 410,000 313 1,310
Bazhou City 霸州市 Bàzhōu Shì 570,000 784 727
Sanhe City 三河市 Sānhé Shì 480,000 643 747
Gu'an County 固安县 Gù'ān Xiàn 390,000 697 560
Yongqing County 永清县 Yǒngqīng Xiàn 370,000 774 478
Xianghe County 香河县 Xiānghé Xiàn 310,000 458 677
Dacheng County 大城县 Dàchéng Xiàn 460,000 910 505
Wen'an County 文安县 Wén'ān Xiàn 460,000 980 769
Dachang Hui
Autonomous County		 大厂回族自治县 Dàchǎng Huízú
Zìzhìxiàn		 110,000 176 625

Development district:

  • Langfang Economic and Technological Development Area (廊坊经济技术开发区)

Geography

Considering Langfang's position between these two prominent cities, it is a relatively green city. Every 300 to 500 m (980 to 1,640 ft) along the city's major streets are parks where local people stroll and take exercise. Langfang's five-kilometer long pedestrian street is now the longest in China. On the other hand, air pollution is a severe problem and in 2013 it was ranked among the 10 worst cities in China for air pollution, along with 6 other cities in Hebei including Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Handan, Hengshui and Tangshan, are among China's 10 most polluted cities.[3]

The "Northern Three Counties" Exclave

The "Northern Three Counties of Langfang" exclave, separated from the rest of the province, is a part of Langfang City. The exclave comprises Sanhe City, Xianghe County, and Dachang Hui Autonomous County and is located between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.

Climate
Climate data for Langfang (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)		 5.7
(42.3)		 12.5
(54.5)		 21.0
(69.8)		 26.9
(80.4)		 30.9
(87.6)		 31.6
(88.9)		 30.4
(86.7)		 26.6
(79.9)		 19.8
(67.6)		 10.2
(50.4)		 3.6
(38.5)		 18.4
(65.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 6.0
(42.8)		 14.3
(57.7)		 20.3
(68.5)		 24.6
(76.3)		 26.5
(79.7)		 25.2
(77.4)		 20.2
(68.4)		 13.2
(55.8)		 4.3
(39.7)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 12.3
(54.2)
Average low °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2)		 −5.5
(22.1)		 0.5
(32.9)		 8.1
(46.6)		 13.9
(57.0)		 18.9
(66.0)		 22.1
(71.8)		 21.0
(69.8)		 15.1
(59.2)		 7.8
(46.0)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 7.2
(44.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.3
(0.13)		 4.4
(0.17)		 9.2
(0.36)		 22.4
(0.88)		 32.4
(1.28)		 69.9
(2.75)		 146.1
(5.75)		 139.3
(5.48)		 47.6
(1.87)		 25.4
(1.00)		 11.1
(0.44)		 2.5
(0.10)		 513.6
(20.21)
Average relative humidity (%) 51 49 48 49 56 63 76 79 72 64 60 55 60
Source: China Meteorological Administration[4]

History
See also: Battle of Langfang and Battle of Beiping–Tianjin § The Langfang Incident

On June 26, 1900, during the Boxer Movement, belligerent European forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at the Battle of Langfang, and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The Chinese forces were victorious.[5]

It was the site of another battle during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Economy

Langfang's economy emphasizes computers and technology and manufacturing. To that effect Langfang is home to an Export Processing Zone, an area for factories, and the Oriental University City, a 4-billion yuan investment that began construction in 1999, where some 30 universities enroll about 50,000 students.

There are two national oil and gas companies based in Langfang. The China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau, the primary builder of pipelines in China, and the ENN Group, a natural gas company, are both based in the city.[6]

Development Zone
  • Langfang Export Processing Zone

The Langfang Export Processing Zone (Langfang EPZ) was established by the State Council in 2005. It has a planned area of 0.5 km2 and commenced operation in October 2008. It is the only state-level development zone in Langfang. Langfang EPZ is located in the Langfang Economic and Technical Development Zone (Langfang ETDZ), which is a province-level development zone. It is 38 km (24 mi) from Beijing's third ring-road, and 50 km (31 mi) from down-town Tianjin. It is 60 km (37 mi) from Beijing Capital International Airport, and 70 km (43 mi) from Tianjin Binhai International Airport, airports which are China's first and twelfth largest airports in terms of cargo transport, respectively. The nation's fourth largest seaport, Tianjin Port, is 105 km (65 mi) from Langfang EPZ.[7]

Transport
Langfang Railway Station

Langfang contains part of the Beijing Daxing International Airport (IATA: PKX, ICAO: ZBAD), opened in September 2019. It is also only a one-hour drive from Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK, ICAO: ZBAA) and the Tianjin New Port. The Langfang North railway station serves the older Beijing–Shanghai railway, while the newer Langfang railway station opened in July 2011 as the penultimate stop on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway.[8]

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References
  1. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  2. http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-hebei-admin.php
  3. Bildner, Eli (February 27, 2013). "Interactive Maps of China's Most–and Least–Polluted Places". Global Voices China. http://newsmotion.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  4. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data. China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2018-11-09.
  5. Paul A. Cohen (1997). History in three keys: the boxers as event, experience, and myth. Columbia University Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-231-10651-3. Retrieved 2010-06-28. dong fuxiang major victory seymour tianjin.
  6. "China National Wins Reliance Gas Pipeline Contract in India". Bloomberg. July 8, 2014.
  7. RightSite.asia | Langfang Export Processing Zone
  8. "Archived copy" 京沪高铁公布23个站名 6月1日起正式启用. 2011-05-26. Archived from the original on 2011-08-08. Retrieved 2012-04-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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