Ganzhou

Ganzhou (Chinese: 赣州; pinyin: Gànzhōu), alternately romanized as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west. Its administrative seat is at Zhanggong District. Its population was 8,361,447 at the 2010 census whom 1,977,253 in the built-up (or "metro") area made of Zhanggong and Nankang, and Ganxian largely being urbanized.

For other uses, see Ganzhou (disambiguation).
Ganzhou

赣州市

Kanchow
Prefecture-level city
Location of Ganzhou City jurisdiction in Jiangxi
Coordinates (Ganzhou municipal government): 25°49′52″N 114°55′59″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceJiangxi
Settled236 AD
Municipal seatZhanggong District
Government
 • Mayor (deputy)Zeng Wenming
 • SecretaryLi Bingjun
Area
 • Prefecture-level city39,379.64 km2 (15,204.56 sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2018)[1]
324 km2 (125 sq mi)
 • Metro
5,316.8 km2 (2,052.8 sq mi)
Elevation
107 m (351 ft)
Population
 (2010 census[2])
 • Prefecture-level city8,368,447
 • Density210/km2 (550/sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2018)[1]
1,585,000
 • Metro
1,977,253
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
341000
Area code(s)0797
ISO 3166 codeCN-JX-07
GDP[3]2011
 - TotalCNY 133.598 billion
US$ 21.009 billion
 - Per capitaCNY 14,910
US$ 2,345
 - Growth 12.5%
Vehicle registration plate prefixes赣B
Administrative division code360700
Websiteganzhou.gov.cn

History

In 201, Emperor Gaozu of Han established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou. In those early years, Han Chinese settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the Gan River basin. The river, a tributary of the Yangtze via Poyang Lake, provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.

During the Sui dynasty, the county administration was promoted to prefecture status and the area called Qianzhou (虔州). During the Song, immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes further into the hills. After the fall of the capital to the Jin in 1126 in the Jingkang Incident, immigration increased dramatically.

The province's name was officially changed to Ganzhou during the Southern Song (1127–1279).

During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern treaty ports and became a minor base for foreign companies. Between 1929 and 1934, Ganzhou formed a part of the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet, one of the bases of the Communist Party of China. Due to its proximity to the Red capital Ruijin, Ganzhou was subject to a number of Kuomintang encirclement campaigns.

Chiang Ching-kuo in Ganzhou

Between 1939 and 1945, Chiang Ching-kuo was appointed by the Government of the Republic of China as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned smoking, gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" (贛南新政). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the ongoing war, thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village (中華兒童新村) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.

Administration
Map including Ganzhou (labeled as KAN-HSIEN 贛縣) (AMS, 1954)

Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level city and 13 counties:

District:

County-level cities:

Counties:

Map

Geography
The Tongtianyan Grottoes (通天岩石窟) in Ganzhou

Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi, with an area of 39,400 square kilometres (15,200 sq mi). More than 70% of its administrative area is forested, and over 83% is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:

Fujian:

Guangdong:

Hunan:

Jiangxi:

Climate

Ganzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) affected by the East Asian monsoon, with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) in January to 29.5 °C (85.1 °F) in July, with an annual average of 19.57 °C (67.2 °F). The average annual precipitation is around 1,450 mm (57 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than 170 mm (6.7 in) of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry.

Climate data for Ganzhou (Ganxian District, 1981−2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.7
(81.9)		 29.5
(85.1)		 32.2
(90.0)		 35.1
(95.2)		 36.5
(97.7)		 38.4
(101.1)		 40.0
(104.0)		 41.2
(106.2)		 38.8
(101.8)		 36.6
(97.9)		 32.8
(91.0)		 29.1
(84.4)		 41.2
(106.2)
Average high °C (°F) 12.4
(54.3)		 14.3
(57.7)		 17.9
(64.2)		 24.3
(75.7)		 28.6
(83.5)		 31.5
(88.7)		 34.5
(94.1)		 34.0
(93.2)		 30.6
(87.1)		 26.2
(79.2)		 20.7
(69.3)		 15.2
(59.4)		 24.2
(75.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)		 10.3
(50.5)		 13.8
(56.8)		 19.8
(67.6)		 24.0
(75.2)		 27.1
(80.8)		 29.5
(85.1)		 28.9
(84.0)		 25.9
(78.6)		 21.4
(70.5)		 15.7
(60.3)		 10.2
(50.4)		 19.6
(67.2)
Average low °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7)		 7.6
(45.7)		 11.0
(51.8)		 16.6
(61.9)		 20.7
(69.3)		 23.9
(75.0)		 25.8
(78.4)		 25.4
(77.7)		 22.6
(72.7)		 17.8
(64.0)		 12.0
(53.6)		 6.6
(43.9)		 16.3
(61.3)
Record low °C (°F) −6.0
(21.2)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 4.2
(39.6)		 11.1
(52.0)		 15.6
(60.1)		 19.1
(66.4)		 19.7
(67.5)		 13.1
(55.6)		 5.2
(41.4)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 −6.0
(21.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 66.8
(2.63)		 113.4
(4.46)		 176.6
(6.95)		 181.1
(7.13)		 221.3
(8.71)		 190.4
(7.50)		 123.1
(4.85)		 140.5
(5.53)		 88.2
(3.47)		 54.4
(2.14)		 50.7
(2.00)		 39.7
(1.56)		 1,446.2
(56.93)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 12.4 15.1 18.8 18.0 18.4 15.5 12.0 13.2 9.9 8.2 7.9 7.7 157.1
Average relative humidity (%) 75 78 80 78 77 76 70 72 74 71 72 71 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 87.8 73.5 72.3 100.5 137.8 173.1 261.0 235.8 182.1 165.2 147.1 142.1 1,778.3
Percent possible sunshine 27 23 20 26 33 42 62 58 49 46 45 44 40
Source: China Meteorological Administration [4]

Demographics

According to the official website,[5] there are 8,361,440 people living within prefecture limits. More than 99% are Han Chinese, and 71,200 people belong to 41 minority ethnical groups (mainly She, Hui and Yao). Ganzhou also contains the largest Hakka community in Jiangxi.

Tourism
Bajing Pavilion in Ganzhou

Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World" [6][7] as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".[8] The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,[9] which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakers Smith of Derby Group. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are Jingdezhen, Nanchang and Lushan among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include:

  • Mount Jiulian (九连山), Longnan County
  • Mei Pass, Dayu County
  • Cuiwei Peak (翠微峰), Ningdu County
  • Hakka architecture: Some of the most representative Hakka houses include Guanxi Xinwei (关西新围) of Longnan; Yanji Wei (燕翼围), of Yangcun (杨村); Longguang Wei (龙光围) of Taojiang (桃江); and Dongsheng Wei (东生围) of Anyuan, etc.
  • Yugu Pavilion, Zhanggong District
  • Bajing Pavilion, Zhanggong District
  • Dongjin Bridge: Pontoon bridges have been constructed over the Zhang and Gong rivers since the Song Dynasty. The Dongjin Bridge is one that can still be seen. It is 400 metres long, made up of wooden planks placed on around 100 wooden boats linked together with iron chains.
  • Zao'er Alley (灶儿巷), Zhanggong District: An alley dating to at least the Song dynasty, with a length of 227.3 m (746 ft).[10]

Zhanggong has a city wall dating to the Song Dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions and temples from the Ming and Qing. Altogether there are some 17 National Cultural Relic Protection Units in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units.

Press

Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou.

Transportation

Roads and highways

Railway
Ganzhou Railway Station.

The Beijing-Jiulong Railway goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the Ganzhou–Longyan Railway (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District. Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway is under construction.

Major railway stations in Ganzhou are:

  • Ganzhou, Xingguo, Nankang, Xinfeng, Longnan and Dingnan (Beijing-Jiulong Railway)
  • Ganxian, Yudu, Huichang, Ruijin (Ganzhou-Longyan Railway)

Air
The terminal building of Ganzhou Huangjin Airport.

The new Ganzhou Huangjin Airport, located in Nankang, was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the old Huangjin Airport in Huangjin Town, Zhanggong District, which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanchang, Xiamen, Nanjing, Shanghai, Nanning, Chongqing and Beijing.

Notable residents

Nobel Laureate Gao Xingjian (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou.

Sister cities

Notes
  1. Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 24.
  2. "China: Jiāngxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  3. 2011年全市主要经济指标 (in Chinese). www.ganzhou.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
  4. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  5. 赣州概况 (in Chinese). Ganzhou People's Government. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05.
  6. "世界橙乡"赣州创造脐橙销售奇迹 １１２万吨售空 (in Chinese). Jiangxi Times. 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
  7. "Contest Entry Notice for the Design of the Logo of "Ganzhou-World Capital of the Navel Orange"". Ganzhou Daily. 2010-01-13. Archived from the original on 2010-09-26. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
  8. "Ganzhou the world's largest tungsten supplier". China Daily. 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
  9. "Ganzhou World's Largest Mechanical Clock". Ganzhou Daily. 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
  10. Jiang, Peiheng (江佩横). 皂儿巷之行(组图)-搜狐新闻. 天津日报 – via Sohu News.
  11. http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 "Ganzhou and Roissy become sister cities", Association Amitié Euro-Chinoise (Chinese)
  12. Μνημόνιο Φιλίας και Συνεργασίας μεταξύ της περιφερειακής ενότητας Φωκίδας και της περιοχής Ganzhou της Κίνας. aftodioikisi.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2012-01-08.
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